Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15633 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-83C5-HGHM-JG6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-21 21:30 – Updated: 2026-07-01 17:54
VLAI
Summary
Duplicate Advisory: Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MSI translationVectors[]
Details
Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-f8h2-c479-vqxf. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
Multiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the Gaussian file format
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "openbabel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.2.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T17:54:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-21T21:15:11Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "## Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-f8h2-c479-vqxf. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n## Original Description\nMultiple out-of-bounds write vulnerabilities exist in the translationVectors parsing functionality in multiple supported formats of Open Babel 3.1.1 and master commit 530dbfa3. A specially-crafted malformed file can lead to arbitrary code execution. An attacker can provide a malicious file to trigger this vulnerability.This vulnerability affects the Gaussian file format",
"id": "GHSA-83c5-hghm-jg6r",
"modified": "2026-07-01T17:54:35Z",
"published": "2023-07-21T21:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46295"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2022-1666"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: Open Babel has out-of-bounds write in MSI translationVectors[]",
"withdrawn": "2026-07-01T17:54:35Z"
}
GHSA-83CJ-78F4-89P2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-23 00:00 – Updated: 2024-02-27 23:37
VLAI
Details
PLC Editor Versions 1.3.8 and prior is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write while processing project files, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-42707"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PLC Editor Versions 1.3.8 and prior is vulnerable to an out-of-bounds write while processing project files, which may allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-83cj-78f4-89p2",
"modified": "2024-02-27T23:37:00Z",
"published": "2021-11-23T00:00:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-42707"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsa-21-315-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83FW-4W4C-4V29
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2025-11-25 18:32
VLAI
Details
The IonMonkey just-in-time (JIT) compiler can leak an internal JS_OPTIMIZED_OUT magic value to the running script during a bailout. This magic value can then be used by JavaScript to achieve memory corruption, which results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird < 60.6, Firefox ESR < 60.6, and Firefox < 66.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9792"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-26T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The IonMonkey just-in-time (JIT) compiler can leak an internal JS_OPTIMIZED_OUT magic value to the running script during a bailout. This magic value can then be used by JavaScript to achieve memory corruption, which results in a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Thunderbird \u003c 60.6, Firefox ESR \u003c 60.6, and Firefox \u003c 66.",
"id": "GHSA-83fw-4w4c-4v29",
"modified": "2025-11-25T18:32:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:44:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0966"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:1144"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1532599"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-07"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-08"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2019-11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/153106/Spidermonkey-IonMonkey-JS_OPTIMIZED_OUT-Value-Leak.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83G6-WM8C-3HX9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:32
VLAI
Details
The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in watchOS 11.2, visionOS 2.2, tvOS 18.2, macOS Sequoia 15.2, Safari 18.2, iOS 18.2 and iPadOS 18.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-54534"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:15:32Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved memory handling. This issue is fixed in watchOS 11.2, visionOS 2.2, tvOS 18.2, macOS Sequoia 15.2, Safari 18.2, iOS 18.2 and iPadOS 18.2. Processing maliciously crafted web content may lead to memory corruption.",
"id": "GHSA-83g6-wm8c-3hx9",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:32:04Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T03:33:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54534"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250418-0002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121839"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121843"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121846"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/122372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/11"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/13"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Dec/7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83GM-8RV2-532V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:26
VLAI
Details
In MiniShare 1.4.1, there is a stack-based buffer overflow via an HTTP CONNECT request, which allows an attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution, a similar issue to CVE-2018-19862 and CVE-2018-19861. NOTE: this product is discontinued.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17601"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-15T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In MiniShare 1.4.1, there is a stack-based buffer overflow via an HTTP CONNECT request, which allows an attacker to achieve arbitrary code execution, a similar issue to CVE-2018-19862 and CVE-2018-19861. NOTE: this product is discontinued.",
"id": "GHSA-83gm-8rv2-532v",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:26:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17601"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154819/MiniShare-1.4.1-CONNECT-Remote-Buffer-Overflow.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83J7-3C78-FQ8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-09 09:32 – Updated: 2026-08-11 15:31
VLAI
Details
DBI versions before 1.648 for Perl saved errors in a limited-sized buffer.
Error messages that were returned when RaiseError, PrintError or HandleError were set were written to a 200-byte buffer without a length limit.
Attackers that can influence the error text in an application can trigger a buffer overflow.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9698"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-120",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-09T08:16:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "DBI versions before 1.648 for Perl saved errors in a limited-sized buffer.\n\nError messages that were returned when RaiseError, PrintError or HandleError were set were written to a 200-byte buffer without a length limit.\n\nAttackers that can influence the error text in an application can trigger a buffer overflow.",
"id": "GHSA-83j7-3c78-fq8j",
"modified": "2026-08-11T15:31:50Z",
"published": "2026-06-09T09:32:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/perl5-dbi/dbi/commit/bfe5d73c162d2d1f761a639a0aa33aad6a9eb54e.patch"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38512"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:38901"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:53371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-9698"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2486734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://metacpan.org/release/HMBRAND/DBI-1.648/changes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-9698.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/06/09/9"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83JJ-67JW-3XVV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:12 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:12
VLAI
Details
GraphicsMagick before 1.3.35 has an integer overflow and resultant heap-based buffer overflow in HuffmanDecodeImage in magick/compress.c.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-24T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GraphicsMagick before 1.3.35 has an integer overflow and resultant heap-based buffer overflow in HuffmanDecodeImage in magick/compress.c.",
"id": "GHSA-83jj-67jw-3xvv",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:12:33Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:12:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2020/04/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/graphicsmagick/code/ci/5b4dd7c6674140a115ec9424c8d19c6a458fac3e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2020/dsa-4675"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-03/msg00049.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-03/msg00051.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-83JJ-WJHJ-HPHJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-25 18:32 – Updated: 2023-11-01 21:30
VLAI
Details
TOTOLINK X2000R Gh v1.0.0-B20230221.0948.web was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function formWlSiteSurvey.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46543"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-25T18:17:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "TOTOLINK X2000R Gh v1.0.0-B20230221.0948.web was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the function formWlSiteSurvey.",
"id": "GHSA-83jj-wjhj-hphj",
"modified": "2023-11-01T21:30:18Z",
"published": "2023-10-25T18:32:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46543"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/XYIYM/Digging/blob/main/TOTOLINK/X2000R/16/1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://totolink.cn/home/menu/detail.html?menu_listtpl=download\u0026id=85\u0026ids=36"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83QG-2C6X-W975
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-21 18:30 – Updated: 2022-12-21 18:30
VLAI
Details
In OemSimAuthRequest::encode of wlandata.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-241762281References: N/A
Severity
6.7 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-20577"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-16T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In OemSimAuthRequest::encode of wlandata.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android kernelAndroid ID: A-241762281References: N/A",
"id": "GHSA-83qg-2c6x-w975",
"modified": "2022-12-21T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-12-21T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20577"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2022-12-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-83QQ-799J-GMVC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-04-16 15:34
VLAI
Details
Mozilla developers and community members Gabriele Svelto, Sebastian Hengst, Randell Jesup, Luan Herrera, Lars T Hansen, and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 96. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 97.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0511"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-22T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mozilla developers and community members Gabriele Svelto, Sebastian Hengst, Randell Jesup, Luan Herrera, Lars T Hansen, and the Mozilla Fuzzing Team reported memory safety bugs present in Firefox 96. Some of these bugs showed evidence of memory corruption and we presume that with enough effort some of these could have been exploited to run arbitrary code. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 97.",
"id": "GHSA-83qq-799j-gmvc",
"modified": "2025-04-16T15:34:04Z",
"published": "2022-12-22T21:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0511"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/buglist.cgi?bug_id=1713579%2C1735448%2C1743821%2C1746313%2C1746314%2C1746316%2C1746321%2C1746322%2C1746323%2C1746412%2C1746430%2C1746451%2C1746488%2C1746875%2C1746898%2C1746905%2C1746907%2C1746917%2C1747128%2C1747137%2C1747331%2C1747346%2C1747439%2C1747457%2C1747870%2C1749051%2C1749274%2C1749831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-04"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.