Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-787
Allowed-with-ReviewOut-of-bounds Write
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product writes data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
15232 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-Q6H2-6W35-JH4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-13 03:30 – Updated: 2025-03-21 21:31
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bound write vulnerability exists in Screen Creator Advance 2 Ver.0.1.1.4 Build01 and earlier due to lack of error handling process when out of specification errors are detected. Having a user of Screen Creator Advance 2 to open a specially crafted project file may lead to information disclosure and/or arbitrary code execution.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22345"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-13T02:21:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Out-of-bound write vulnerability exists in Screen Creator Advance 2 Ver.0.1.1.4 Build01 and earlier due to lack of error handling process when out of specification errors are detected. Having a user of Screen Creator Advance 2 to open a specially crafted project file may lead to information disclosure and/or arbitrary code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-q6h2-6w35-jh4w",
"modified": "2025-03-21T21:31:28Z",
"published": "2023-02-13T03:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22345"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/vu/JVNVU98917488"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.electronics.jtekt.co.jp/en/topics/202302035233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.electronics.jtekt.co.jp/jp/topics/2023020313454"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6HX-3M4P-749H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-11 20:29 – Updated: 2023-12-11 20:29
VLAI
Summary
DOS by abusing `fetchOptions.retry`.
Details
Summary
nuxt-api-party allows developers to proxy requests to an API without exposing credentials to the client. ofetch is used to send the requests.
The library allows the user to send many options directly to ofetch. There is no filter on which options are available. We can abuse the retry logic to cause the server to crash from a stack overflow.
Details
fetchOptions are obtained directly from the request body. These are then passed directly into ofetch
.
We can construct a URL we know will not fetch successfully, then set the retry attempts to a high value, this will cause a stack overflow as ofetch error handling works recursively.
PoC
POC using Node.
await fetch("http://localhost:3000/api/__api_party/MyEndpoint", {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify({ path: "x:x", retry: 9999999 }),
headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }
})
We can use __proto__ as a substitute for the endpoint if it is not known.
await fetch("http://localhost:3000/api/__api_party/__proto__", {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify({ path: "x:x", retry: 9999999 }),
headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }
})
We can build the size of the stack faster by using more complicated URIs
await fetch("http://localhost:3000/api/__api_party/__proto__", {
method: "POST",
body: JSON.stringify({ path: "data:x;base64,----", retry: 9999999 }),
headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }
})
Impact
Full DOS, server is unusable during attack. Requires a single request.
Fix
Limit which options can be passed to ofetch.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "nuxt-api-party"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.22.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-49800"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-11T20:29:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-09T00:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n`nuxt-api-party` allows developers to proxy requests to an API without exposing credentials to the client. [`ofetch`](https://github.com/unjs/ofetch) is used to send the requests. \n\nThe library allows the user to send many options directly to `ofetch`. There is no filter on which options are available. We can abuse the retry logic to cause the server to crash from a stack overflow.\n\n### Details\n`fetchOptions` [are obtained directly from the request body](https://github.com/johannschopplich/nuxt-api-party/blob/777462e1e3af1d9f8938aa33f230cd8cb6e0cc9a/src/runtime/server/handler.ts#L27). These are then [passed directly into `ofetch`\n](https://github.com/johannschopplich/nuxt-api-party/blob/777462e1e3af1d9f8938aa33f230cd8cb6e0cc9a/src/runtime/server/handler.ts#L57C15-L57C15).\n\nWe can construct a URL we know will not fetch successfully, then set the retry attempts to a high value, this will cause a stack overflow as ofetch error handling works recursively. \n\n### PoC\nPOC using Node.\n\n```js\nawait fetch(\"http://localhost:3000/api/__api_party/MyEndpoint\", {\n method: \"POST\",\n body: JSON.stringify({ path: \"x:x\", retry: 9999999 }),\n headers: { \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\" }\n})\n```\n\nWe can use `__proto__` as a substitute for the endpoint if it is not known.\n\n```js\nawait fetch(\"http://localhost:3000/api/__api_party/__proto__\", {\n method: \"POST\",\n body: JSON.stringify({ path: \"x:x\", retry: 9999999 }),\n headers: { \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\" }\n})\n```\n\nWe can build the size of the stack faster by using more complicated URIs\n```js\nawait fetch(\"http://localhost:3000/api/__api_party/__proto__\", {\n method: \"POST\",\n body: JSON.stringify({ path: \"data:x;base64,----\", retry: 9999999 }),\n headers: { \"Content-Type\": \"application/json\" }\n})\n```\n\n### Impact\nFull DOS, server is unusable during attack. Requires a single request. \n\n### Fix \nLimit which options can be passed to `ofetch`.\n",
"id": "GHSA-q6hx-3m4p-749h",
"modified": "2023-12-11T20:29:10Z",
"published": "2023-12-11T20:29:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/johannschopplich/nuxt-api-party/security/advisories/GHSA-q6hx-3m4p-749h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-49800"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/johannschopplich/nuxt-api-party"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "DOS by abusing `fetchOptions.retry`. "
}
GHSA-Q6J3-4JQJ-3HGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details
PDF-XChange Editor PDF File Parsing Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21166.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42069"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-121",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PDF-XChange Editor PDF File Parsing Stack-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a fixed-length stack-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21166.",
"id": "GHSA-q6j3-4jqj-3hgc",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tracker-software.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1371"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6JP-HMVQ-CRFR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-25 18:32 – Updated: 2025-11-28 18:30
VLAI
Details
An Out-of-Bounds Write vulnerability is present in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior that could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65084"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-25T18:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An Out-of-Bounds Write vulnerability is present in Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt, Xenon, Argon, Lithium, and Cobalt Share versions 12.6.1204.207 and prior that could allow an attacker to disclose information or execute arbitrary code.",
"id": "GHSA-q6jp-hmvq-crfr",
"modified": "2025-11-28T18:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-11-25T18:32:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65084"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-329-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6MF-H7M3-WFFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-06 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-06 21:30
VLAI
Details
There are vulnerabilities in the Soft AP Daemon Service which could allow a threat actor to execute an unauthenticated RCE attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-42393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-06T19:15:56Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "There are vulnerabilities in the Soft AP Daemon Service which could allow a threat actor to execute an unauthenticated RCE attack. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system leading to complete system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-q6mf-h7m3-wffm",
"modified": "2024-08-06T21:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-08-06T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpesc/public/docDisplay?docId=hpesbnw04678en_us\u0026docLocale=en_US"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6MQ-C28M-5G2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-17 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:11
VLAI
Details
D-Link DIR-619L v2.04(TW) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the curTime parameter at /goform/formLogin.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37791"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-17T19:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "D-Link DIR-619L v2.04(TW) was discovered to contain a stack overflow via the curTime parameter at /goform/formLogin.",
"id": "GHSA-q6mq-c28m-5g2g",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:11:41Z",
"published": "2023-07-17T21:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37791"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/naihsin/IoT/tree/main/D-Link/DIR-619L/overflow"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com/en/security-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6PP-VPRG-P5G9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-08-22 00:00
VLAI
Details
vim is vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3875"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-122",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "vim is vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow",
"id": "GHSA-q6pp-vprg-p5g9",
"modified": "2022-08-22T00:00:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3875"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/35a319b77f897744eec1155b736e9372c9c5575f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/5cdbc168-6ba1-4bc2-ba6c-28be12166a53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/7K4JJBIH3OQSZRVTWKCJCDLGMFGQ5DOH"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/S42L4Z4DTW4LHLQ4FJ33VEOXRCBE7WN4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202208-32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/15/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6Q2-W46V-42RR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-22 18:31
VLAI
Details
Angry IP Scanner for Linux 3.5.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying malformed input to the port selection field. Attackers can craft a malicious string containing buffer overflow patterns and paste it into the Preferences Ports tab to trigger an application crash.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-25262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T16:16:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Angry IP Scanner for Linux 3.5.3 contains a denial of service vulnerability that allows local attackers to crash the application by supplying malformed input to the port selection field. Attackers can craft a malicious string containing buffer overflow patterns and paste it into the Preferences Ports tab to trigger an application crash.",
"id": "GHSA-q6q2-w46v-42rr",
"modified": "2026-04-22T18:31:44Z",
"published": "2026-04-22T18:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-25262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://angryip.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46038"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/angry-ip-scanner-for-linux-denial-of-service"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6QC-4J4F-5VQP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 15:31 – Updated: 2025-12-04 18:30
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
iommu/omap: Fix buffer overflow in debugfs
There are two issues here:
1) The "len" variable needs to be checked before the very first write. Otherwise if omap2_iommu_dump_ctx() with "bytes" less than 32 it is a buffer overflow. 2) The snprintf() function returns the number of bytes that would have been copied if there were enough space. But we want to know the number of bytes which were actually copied so use scnprintf() instead.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-50301"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T15:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\niommu/omap: Fix buffer overflow in debugfs\n\nThere are two issues here:\n\n1) The \"len\" variable needs to be checked before the very first write.\n Otherwise if omap2_iommu_dump_ctx() with \"bytes\" less than 32 it is a\n buffer overflow.\n2) The snprintf() function returns the number of bytes that *would* have\n been copied if there were enough space. But we want to know the\n number of bytes which were *actually* copied so use scnprintf()\n instead.",
"id": "GHSA-q6qc-4j4f-5vqp",
"modified": "2025-12-04T18:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-09-15T15:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50301"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0c7043a5b5c3b35f5dc8875757f71e7f491d64d4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/184233a5202786b20220acd2d04ddf909ef18f29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2fee0dbfaeaaa4bda04279ce772c4572b1429d04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4010a1afaae1c0fb9c2cac5de703bed29b1f1782"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/648472df221f2bbffb433b964bcb87baccc586d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/706e359cf046c142db290244c3f4938b20fbe805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9814cc350e0765ce69244bf55ae4c8b29facd27e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/bd0438f534b2e31b12f0b39b355c5dc2bbdaf854"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec53b99b6b9da8b501f001595a6260c03b42d5b7"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-Q6R5-F6RR-8F92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:11 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:11
VLAI
Details
In flv extractor, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-187236084
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-17T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In flv extractor, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android SoCAndroid ID: A-187236084",
"id": "GHSA-q6r5-f6rr-8f92",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:11:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:11:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2021-08-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-3
Requirements
Strategy: Language Selection
- Use a language that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, many languages that perform their own memory management, such as Java and Perl, are not subject to buffer overflows. Other languages, such as Ada and C#, typically provide overflow protection, but the protection can be disabled by the programmer.
- Be wary that a language's interface to native code may still be subject to overflows, even if the language itself is theoretically safe.
Mitigation MIT-4.1
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- Examples include the Safe C String Library (SafeStr) by Messier and Viega [REF-57], and the Strsafe.h library from Microsoft [REF-56]. These libraries provide safer versions of overflow-prone string-handling functions.
Mitigation MIT-10
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use automatic buffer overflow detection mechanisms that are offered by certain compilers or compiler extensions. Examples include: the Microsoft Visual Studio /GS flag, Fedora/Red Hat FORTIFY_SOURCE GCC flag, StackGuard, and ProPolice, which provide various mechanisms including canary-based detection and range/index checking.
- D3-SFCV (Stack Frame Canary Validation) from D3FEND [REF-1334] discusses canary-based detection in detail.
Mitigation MIT-9
Implementation
- Consider adhering to the following rules when allocating and managing an application's memory:
- Double check that the buffer is as large as specified.
- When using functions that accept a number of bytes to copy, such as strncpy(), be aware that if the destination buffer size is equal to the source buffer size, it may not NULL-terminate the string.
- Check buffer boundaries if accessing the buffer in a loop and make sure there is no danger of writing past the allocated space.
- If necessary, truncate all input strings to a reasonable length before passing them to the copy and concatenation functions.
Mitigation MIT-11
Operation
Build and Compilation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Run or compile the software using features or extensions that randomly arrange the positions of a program's executable and libraries in memory. Because this makes the addresses unpredictable, it can prevent an attacker from reliably jumping to exploitable code.
- Examples include Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) [REF-58] [REF-60] and Position-Independent Executables (PIE) [REF-64]. Imported modules may be similarly realigned if their default memory addresses conflict with other modules, in a process known as "rebasing" (for Windows) and "prelinking" (for Linux) [REF-1332] using randomly generated addresses. ASLR for libraries cannot be used in conjunction with prelink since it would require relocating the libraries at run-time, defeating the whole purpose of prelinking.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-SAOR (Segment Address Offset Randomization) from D3FEND [REF-1335].
Mitigation MIT-12
Operation
Strategy: Environment Hardening
- Use a CPU and operating system that offers Data Execution Protection (using hardware NX or XD bits) or the equivalent techniques that simulate this feature in software, such as PaX [REF-60] [REF-61]. These techniques ensure that any instruction executed is exclusively at a memory address that is part of the code segment.
- For more information on these techniques see D3-PSEP (Process Segment Execution Prevention) from D3FEND [REF-1336].
Mitigation MIT-13
Implementation
Replace unbounded copy functions with analogous functions that support length arguments, such as strcpy with strncpy. Create these if they are not available.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.