CWE-77
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.
5416 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-FW8F-F5WW-MPR8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-29 15:30 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:33Tenda F1202 v1.2.0.20(408) has a command injection vulnerablility in the formWriteFacMac function in the mac parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30637"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-29T14:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Tenda F1202 v1.2.0.20(408) has a command injection vulnerablility in the formWriteFacMac function in the mac parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-fw8f-f5ww-mpr8",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:33:58Z",
"published": "2024-03-29T15:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30637"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/abcdefg-png/IoT-vulnerable/blob/main/Tenda/F/F1202/formWriteFacMac.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWF7-VGQG-V7P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-15 12:31 – Updated: 2025-09-15 12:31A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DI-8100, DI-8100G, DI-8200, DI-8200G, DI-8003 and DI-8003G 16.07.26A1/17.12.20A1/19.12.10A1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_4621DC of the file usb_paswd.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument hname leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-10440"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T10:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in D-Link DI-8100, DI-8100G, DI-8200, DI-8200G, DI-8003 and DI-8003G 16.07.26A1/17.12.20A1/19.12.10A1. Affected by this vulnerability is the function sub_4621DC of the file usb_paswd.asp of the component jhttpd. The manipulation of the argument hname leads to os command injection. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-fwf7-vgqg-v7p3",
"modified": "2025-09-15T12:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-09-15T12:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-10440"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/2664521593/mycve/blob/main/D-Link/D-Link_CJ_1.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/2664521593/mycve/blob/main/D-Link/D-Link_CJ_1.md#exp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.323874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.323874"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.647835"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWF8-CX3Q-CH9G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-22 15:30 – Updated: 2026-02-22 15:30A flaw has been found in Vaelsys 4.1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /tree/tree_server.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. This manipulation of the argument xajaxargs causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-2952"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-22T14:16:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in Vaelsys 4.1.0. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /tree/tree_server.php of the component HTTP POST Request Handler. This manipulation of the argument xajaxargs causes os command injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-fwf8-cx3q-ch9g",
"modified": "2026-02-22T15:30:15Z",
"published": "2026-02-22T15:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-2952"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/CVE-Hunter-Leo/CVE/issues/10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.347318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.347318"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.755166"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWHX-W56V-J34J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-20 03:31A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-513 1.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/formSysCmd. Executing a manipulation of the argument sysCmd can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T02:16:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw has been found in D-Link DIR-513 1.10. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /goform/formSysCmd. Executing a manipulation of the argument sysCmd can lead to os command injection. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been published and may be used. This vulnerability only affects products that are no longer supported by the maintainer.",
"id": "GHSA-fwhx-w56v-j34j",
"modified": "2026-03-20T03:31:06Z",
"published": "2026-03-20T03:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/InfiniteLin/Lin-s-CVEdb/blob/main/DIR-513/formSysCmd.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.351755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.351755"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.772866"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dlink.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWJH-HWFH-QRX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17A remote arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x prior to 6.10.2 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x prior to 6.9.7-HF1 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.8.x prior to 6.8.9-HF1. Aruba has released patches for ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37739"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-15T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote arbitrary command execution vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x prior to 6.10.2 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x prior to 6.9.7-HF1 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.8.x prior to 6.8.9-HF1. Aruba has released patches for ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-fwjh-hwfh-qrx7",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37739"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-018.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-FWMC-89R4-X328
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-27 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:22HCL BigFix Mobile is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting attack. An authenticated attacker could inject malicious scripts into the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28012"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-27T00:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HCL BigFix Mobile is vulnerable to a cross-site scripting attack. An authenticated attacker could inject malicious scripts into the application.\n",
"id": "GHSA-fwmc-89r4-x328",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:22:24Z",
"published": "2023-07-27T00:30:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28012"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0106371"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0106372"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWQ8-R3V7-V3WC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-16 00:00WAVLINK WN572HP3, WN533A8, WN530H4, WN535G3, WN531P3 wireless.cgi has no filtering on parameter macAddr, which leads to command injection in page /wifi_mesh.shtml.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-35535"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "WAVLINK WN572HP3, WN533A8, WN530H4, WN535G3, WN531P3 wireless.cgi has no filtering on parameter macAddr, which leads to command injection in page /wifi_mesh.shtml.",
"id": "GHSA-fwq8-r3v7-v3wc",
"modified": "2022-08-16T00:00:31Z",
"published": "2022-08-11T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-35535"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/TyeYeah/othercveinfo/tree/main/wavlink#command-injection-occurs-when-adding-extender-in-wavlink-router-ac1200-page-wifi_meshshtml-in-wirelesscgi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWR5-6X48-G3P6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-27 18:32 – Updated: 2024-03-27 18:32In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.2.1, 9.1.4, and 9.0.9, the Dashboard Examples Hub in the Splunk Dashboard Studio app lacks protections for risky SPL commands. This could let attackers bypass SPL safeguards for risky commands in the Hub. The vulnerability would require the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-29946"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1287",
"CWE-20",
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-27T17:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.2.1, 9.1.4, and 9.0.9, the Dashboard Examples Hub in the Splunk Dashboard Studio app lacks protections for risky SPL commands. This could let attackers bypass SPL safeguards for risky commands in the Hub. The vulnerability would require the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser.",
"id": "GHSA-fwr5-6x48-g3p6",
"modified": "2024-03-27T18:32:38Z",
"published": "2024-03-27T18:32:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-29946"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://advisory.splunk.com/advisories/SVD-2024-0302"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://research.splunk.com/application/1cf58ae1-9177-40b8-a26c-8966040f11ae"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWRG-M5RP-3Q8J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32A Command Injection issue was discovered in Nortek Linear eMerge E3 series Versions V0.32-07e and prior. A remote attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code on a target machine with elevated privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5439"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-02-19T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A Command Injection issue was discovered in Nortek Linear eMerge E3 series Versions V0.32-07e and prior. A remote attacker may be able to execute arbitrary code on a target machine with elevated privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-fwrg-m5rp-3q8j",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-18-046-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-FWV2-65WH-2W8C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-09 22:53 – Updated: 2023-06-09 22:53Issue
Snowflake was informed via our bug bounty program of a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake Golang driver via SSO browser URL authentication.
Impacted driver package:
gosnowflake
Impacted version range:
before Version 1.6.19
Attack Scenario
In order to exploit the potential for command injection, an attacker would need to be successful in (1) establishing a malicious resource and (2) redirecting users to utilize the resource. The attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user’s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution.
This attack scenario can be mitigated through URL whitelisting as well as common anti-phishing resources.
Solution
On March 21, 2023, Snowflake merged a patch that fixed a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake Golang driver via SSO browser URL authentication. The vulnerability affected the Snowflake Golang driver before Version 1.6.19. We strongly recommend users upgrade to Version 1.6.19 as soon as possible via the following resources: Go Snowflake Driver
Additional Information
If you discover a security vulnerability in one of our products or websites, please report the issue to HackerOne. For more information, please see our Vulnerability Disclosure Policy.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.19"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-34231"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-77"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-06-09T22:53:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-08T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Issue\nSnowflake was informed via our bug bounty program of a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake Golang driver via SSO browser URL authentication.\n\n### Impacted driver package: \ngosnowflake\n\n### Impacted version range: \nbefore [Version 1.6.19](https://community.snowflake.com/s/article/Go-Snowflake-Driver-Release-Notes)\n\n### Attack Scenario\nIn order to exploit the potential for command injection, an attacker would need to be successful in (1) establishing a malicious resource and (2) redirecting users to utilize the resource. The attacker could set up a malicious, publicly accessible server which responds to the SSO URL with an attack payload. If the attacker then tricked a user into visiting the maliciously crafted connection URL, the user\u2019s local machine would render the malicious payload, leading to a remote code execution. \n\nThis attack scenario can be mitigated through URL whitelisting as well as common anti-phishing resources. \n\n### Solution\nOn March 21, 2023, Snowflake merged a patch that fixed a command injection vulnerability in the Snowflake Golang driver via SSO browser URL authentication. The vulnerability affected the Snowflake Golang driver before Version 1.6.19. We strongly recommend users upgrade to Version 1.6.19 as soon as possible via the following resources: [Go Snowflake Driver](https://docs.snowflake.com/en/developer-guide/golang/go-driver)\n\n### Additional Information\nIf you discover a security vulnerability in one of our products or websites, please report the issue to HackerOne. For more information, please see our [Vulnerability Disclosure Policy](https://hackerone.com/snowflake?type=team).",
"id": "GHSA-fwv2-65wh-2w8c",
"modified": "2023-06-09T22:53:25Z",
"published": "2023-06-09T22:53:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake/security/advisories/GHSA-fwv2-65wh-2w8c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-34231"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake/pull/757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake/commit/e11a2a555f1b9f7adc1f01fb7b5e7f38fbbb2a1c"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/snowflakedb/gosnowflake"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Snowflake Golang Driver vulnerable to Command Injection"
}
Mitigation
If at all possible, use library calls rather than external processes to recreate the desired functionality.
Mitigation
If possible, ensure that all external commands called from the program are statically created.
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
Mitigation
Run time: Run time policy enforcement may be used in an allowlist fashion to prevent use of any non-sanctioned commands.
Mitigation
Assign permissions that prevent the user from accessing/opening privileged files.
CAPEC-136: LDAP Injection
An attacker manipulates or crafts an LDAP query for the purpose of undermining the security of the target. Some applications use user input to create LDAP queries that are processed by an LDAP server. For example, a user might provide their username during authentication and the username might be inserted in an LDAP query during the authentication process. An attacker could use this input to inject additional commands into an LDAP query that could disclose sensitive information. For example, entering a * in the aforementioned query might return information about all users on the system. This attack is very similar to an SQL injection attack in that it manipulates a query to gather additional information or coerce a particular return value.
CAPEC-15: Command Delimiters
An attack of this type exploits a programs' vulnerabilities that allows an attacker's commands to be concatenated onto a legitimate command with the intent of targeting other resources such as the file system or database. The system that uses a filter or denylist input validation, as opposed to allowlist validation is vulnerable to an attacker who predicts delimiters (or combinations of delimiters) not present in the filter or denylist. As with other injection attacks, the attacker uses the command delimiter payload as an entry point to tunnel through the application and activate additional attacks through SQL queries, shell commands, network scanning, and so on.
CAPEC-183: IMAP/SMTP Command Injection
An adversary exploits weaknesses in input validation on web-mail servers to execute commands on the IMAP/SMTP server. Web-mail servers often sit between the Internet and the IMAP or SMTP mail server. User requests are received by the web-mail servers which then query the back-end mail server for the requested information and return this response to the user. In an IMAP/SMTP command injection attack, mail-server commands are embedded in parts of the request sent to the web-mail server. If the web-mail server fails to adequately sanitize these requests, these commands are then sent to the back-end mail server when it is queried by the web-mail server, where the commands are then executed. This attack can be especially dangerous since administrators may assume that the back-end server is protected against direct Internet access and therefore may not secure it adequately against the execution of malicious commands.
CAPEC-248: Command Injection
An adversary looking to execute a command of their choosing, injects new items into an existing command thus modifying interpretation away from what was intended. Commands in this context are often standalone strings that are interpreted by a downstream component and cause specific responses. This type of attack is possible when untrusted values are used to build these command strings. Weaknesses in input validation or command construction can enable the attack and lead to successful exploitation.
CAPEC-40: Manipulating Writeable Terminal Devices
This attack exploits terminal devices that allow themselves to be written to by other users. The attacker sends command strings to the target terminal device hoping that the target user will hit enter and thereby execute the malicious command with their privileges. The attacker can send the results (such as copying /etc/passwd) to a known directory and collect once the attack has succeeded.
CAPEC-43: Exploiting Multiple Input Interpretation Layers
An attacker supplies the target software with input data that contains sequences of special characters designed to bypass input validation logic. This exploit relies on the target making multiples passes over the input data and processing a "layer" of special characters with each pass. In this manner, the attacker can disguise input that would otherwise be rejected as invalid by concealing it with layers of special/escape characters that are stripped off by subsequent processing steps. The goal is to first discover cases where the input validation layer executes before one or more parsing layers. That is, user input may go through the following logic in an application: <parser1> --> <input validator> --> <parser2>. In such cases, the attacker will need to provide input that will pass through the input validator, but after passing through parser2, will be converted into something that the input validator was supposed to stop.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.