Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-732

Allowed-with-Review

Incorrect Permission Assignment for Critical Resource

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors.

2075 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-QP52-95J5-R3G3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:14 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:14
VLAI
Details

The access controls on the Mobility read-only API improperly validate user access permissions. Attackers with both network access to the API and valid credentials can read data from it; regardless of access control group membership settings. This vulnerability is fixed in Mobility v11.76 and Mobility v12.14.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-40066"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-16T12:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The access controls on the Mobility read-only API improperly validate user access permissions. Attackers with both network access to the API and valid credentials can read data from it; regardless of access control group membership settings. This vulnerability is fixed in Mobility v11.76 and Mobility v12.14.",
  "id": "GHSA-qp52-95j5-r3g3",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:14:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:14:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-40066"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.netmotionsoftware.com/security-advisories/cve-2021-40066"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QP7V-GJGG-4MJ6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-05-18 16:47
VLAI
Summary
@steipete/summarize allows local attackers to read bearer tokens and API credentials stored in ~/.summarize/daemon.json
Details

Summarize versions through 0.14.1, fixed in commit 0cfb0fb, creates the daemon configuration directory and file with default filesystem permissions that may be world-readable on Unix-like systems, allowing local attackers to read bearer tokens and API credentials stored in ~/.summarize/daemon.json. A local attacker can exploit these permissive permissions to read the daemon bearer token and persisted provider credentials, enabling unauthorized access to the daemon or recovery of sensitive API keys.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@steipete/summarize"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "0.15.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-45222"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-18T16:47:44Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-11T19:16:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Summarize versions through 0.14.1, fixed in commit 0cfb0fb, creates the daemon configuration directory and file with default filesystem permissions that may be world-readable on Unix-like systems, allowing local attackers to read bearer tokens and API credentials stored in ~/.summarize/daemon.json. A local attacker can exploit these permissive permissions to read the daemon bearer token and persisted provider credentials, enabling unauthorized access to the daemon or recovery of sensitive API keys.",
  "id": "GHSA-qp7v-gjgg-4mj6",
  "modified": "2026-05-18T16:47:45Z",
  "published": "2026-05-11T21:31:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45222"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/steipete/summarize/pull/214"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/steipete/summarize/commit/0cfb0fb99777a87a7b02082b5e4bd449f8dd6175"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/steipete/summarize"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/steipete/summarize/releases/tag/v0.15.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/summarize-insecure-daemon-configuration-file-permissions"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "@steipete/summarize allows local attackers to read bearer tokens and API credentials stored in ~/.summarize/daemon.json"
}

GHSA-QP86-P4J4-F3P8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-06 00:01 – Updated: 2022-04-14 00:00
VLAI
Details

SimpleMachinesForum 2.1.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary code by inserting a vulnerable php code because the themes can be modified by an administrator.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-26982"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732",
      "CWE-94"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-05T15:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "SimpleMachinesForum 2.1.1 and earlier allows remote authenticated administrators to execute arbitrary code by inserting a vulnerable php code because the themes can be modified by an administrator.",
  "id": "GHSA-qp86-p4j4-f3p8",
  "modified": "2022-04-14T00:00:35Z",
  "published": "2022-04-06T00:01:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26982"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/sartlabs/0days/blob/main/SimpleMachinesForum/Exploit.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/171486/SimpleMachinesForum-2.1.1-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QQC7-R2FW-P594

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:38 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:38
VLAI
Details

Synology Download Station 3.8.x before 3.8.5-3475 and 3.x before 3.5-2984 uses weak permissions (0777) for ui/dlm/btsearch directory, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading an executable via unspecified vectors.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-11156"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-276",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-08-14T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Synology Download Station 3.8.x before 3.8.5-3475 and 3.x before 3.5-2984 uses weak permissions (0777) for ui/dlm/btsearch directory, which allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code by uploading an executable via unspecified vectors.",
  "id": "GHSA-qqc7-r2fw-p594",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:38:17Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:38:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11156"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/support/security/Synology_SA_17_28_Download_Station"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QQCG-7F79-V65C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-14 00:02 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:30
VLAI
Details

During Zabbix installation from RPM, DAC_OVERRIDE SELinux capability is in use to access PID files in [/var/run/zabbix] folder. In this case, Zabbix Proxy or Server processes can bypass file read, write and execute permissions check on the file system level

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-23132"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-01-13T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "During Zabbix installation from RPM, DAC_OVERRIDE SELinux capability is in use to access PID files in [/var/run/zabbix] folder. In this case, Zabbix Proxy or Server processes can bypass file read, write and execute permissions check on the file system level",
  "id": "GHSA-qqcg-7f79-v65c",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:30:30Z",
  "published": "2022-01-14T00:02:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23132"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/10/msg00000.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6SZYHXINBKCY42ITFSNCYE7KCSF33VRA"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VB6W556GVXOKUYTASTDGL3AI7S3SJHX7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6SZYHXINBKCY42ITFSNCYE7KCSF33VRA"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VB6W556GVXOKUYTASTDGL3AI7S3SJHX7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-20341"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QQM4-X6M2-P2V9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:37 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:37
VLAI
Details

In certain scenarios in Tenable.sc prior to 5.17.0, a scanner could potentially be used outside the user's defined scan zone without a particular zone being specified within the Automatic Distribution configuration.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-5808"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-12-21T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In certain scenarios in Tenable.sc prior to 5.17.0, a scanner could potentially be used outside the user\u0027s defined scan zone without a particular zone being specified within the Automatic Distribution configuration.",
  "id": "GHSA-qqm4-x6m2-p2v9",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:37:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:37:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-5808"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.tenable.com/security/tns-2020-11"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-QR8M-FJHV-W7Q6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-28 15:30 – Updated: 2025-08-28 15:30
VLAI
Details

Local privilege escalation due to insecure folder permissions. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud Agent (Windows) before build 40734.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-9578"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-28T14:15:54Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Local privilege escalation due to insecure folder permissions. The following products are affected: Acronis Cyber Protect Cloud Agent (Windows) before build 40734.",
  "id": "GHSA-qr8m-fjhv-w7q6",
  "modified": "2025-08-28T15:30:42Z",
  "published": "2025-08-28T15:30:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9578"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security-advisory.acronis.com/advisories/SEC-9107"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QRG3-9CF5-HGW8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-21 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-15 00:00
VLAI
Details

It has been reported that any Orion user, e.g. guest accounts can query the Orion.UserSettings entity and enumerate users and their basic settings.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-35248"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-732",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-12-20T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "It has been reported that any Orion user, e.g. guest accounts can query the Orion.UserSettings entity and enumerate users and their basic settings.",
  "id": "GHSA-qrg3-9cf5-hgw8",
  "modified": "2022-07-15T00:00:16Z",
  "published": "2021-12-21T00:00:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-35248"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.solarwinds.com/en/Success_Center/orionplatform/content/core-secure-configuration.htm"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.solarwinds.com/SuccessCenter/s/article/Orion-Platform-2020-2-6-Hotfix-3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.solarwinds.com/trust-center/security-advisories/CVE-2021-35248"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QV8F-7M6R-V8HP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-06 18:30 – Updated: 2024-12-06 18:30
VLAI
Details

A local low-level user on the server machine with credentials to the running OAS services can create and execute a report with an rdlx file on the server system itself. Any code within the rdlx file of the report executes with SYSTEM privileges, resulting in privilege escalation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-11220"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-279",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-06T18:15:22Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A local low-level user on the server machine with credentials to the running OAS services can create and execute a report with an rdlx file on the server system itself. Any code within the rdlx file of the report executes with SYSTEM privileges, resulting in privilege escalation.",
  "id": "GHSA-qv8f-7m6r-v8hp",
  "modified": "2024-12-06T18:30:46Z",
  "published": "2024-12-06T18:30:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-11220"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://openautomationsoftware.com/downloads"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-24-338-03"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-QV95-G3GM-X542

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-10-12 16:39 – Updated: 2022-08-10 23:49
VLAI
Summary
Hashicorp Vault Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
Details

HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise through 1.7.4 and 1.8.3 allowed a user with write permission to an entity alias ID sharing a mount accessor with another user to acquire this other user’s policies by merging their identities. Fixed in Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.7.5 and 1.8.4.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hashicorp/vault"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.7.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/hashicorp/vault"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.8.4"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-41802"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-732"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-10-11T18:57:45Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-08T17:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise through 1.7.4 and 1.8.3 allowed a user with write permission to an entity alias ID sharing a mount accessor with another user to acquire this other user\u2019s policies by merging their identities. Fixed in Vault and Vault Enterprise 1.7.5 and 1.8.4.",
  "id": "GHSA-qv95-g3gm-x542",
  "modified": "2022-08-10T23:49:29Z",
  "published": "2021-10-12T16:39:01Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-41802"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2021-27-vault-merging-multiple-entity-aliases-for-the-same-mount-may-allow-privilege-escalation"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/hashicorp/vault"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202207-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Hashicorp Vault Privilege Escalation Vulnerability"
}

Mitigation
Implementation

When using a critical resource such as a configuration file, check to see if the resource has insecure permissions (such as being modifiable by any regular user) [REF-62], and generate an error or even exit the software if there is a possibility that the resource could have been modified by an unauthorized party.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Reduce the attack surface by carefully defining distinct user groups, privileges, and/or roles. Map these against data, functionality, and the related resources. Then set the permissions accordingly. This will allow you to maintain more fine-grained control over your resources. [REF-207]

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation
Implementation Installation

During program startup, explicitly set the default permissions or umask to the most restrictive setting possible. Also set the appropriate permissions during program installation. This will prevent you from inheriting insecure permissions from any user who installs or runs the program.

Mitigation
System Configuration

For all configuration files, executables, and libraries, make sure that they are only readable and writable by the software's administrator.

Mitigation
Documentation

Do not suggest insecure configuration changes in documentation, especially if those configurations can extend to resources and other programs that are outside the scope of the application.

Mitigation
Installation

Do not assume that a system administrator will manually change the configuration to the settings that are recommended in the software's manual.

Mitigation MIT-37
Operation System Configuration

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Ensure that the software runs properly under the United States Government Configuration Baseline (USGCB) [REF-199] or an equivalent hardening configuration guide, which many organizations use to limit the attack surface and potential risk of deployed software.

Mitigation
Implementation System Configuration Operation

When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to disable public access.

CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.

CAPEC-122: Privilege Abuse

An adversary is able to exploit features of the target that should be reserved for privileged users or administrators but are exposed to use by lower or non-privileged accounts. Access to sensitive information and functionality must be controlled to ensure that only authorized users are able to access these resources.

CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing

An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.

CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files

An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.

CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels

An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.

CAPEC-206: Signing Malicious Code

The adversary extracts credentials used for code signing from a production environment and then uses these credentials to sign malicious content with the developer's key. Many developers use signing keys to sign code or hashes of code. When users or applications verify the signatures are accurate they are led to believe that the code came from the owner of the signing key and that the code has not been modified since the signature was applied. If the adversary has extracted the signing credentials then they can use those credentials to sign their own code bundles. Users or tools that verify the signatures attached to the code will likely assume the code came from the legitimate developer and install or run the code, effectively allowing the adversary to execute arbitrary code on the victim's computer. This differs from CAPEC-673, because the adversary is performing the code signing.

CAPEC-234: Hijacking a privileged process

An adversary gains control of a process that is assigned elevated privileges in order to execute arbitrary code with those privileges. Some processes are assigned elevated privileges on an operating system, usually through association with a particular user, group, or role. If an attacker can hijack this process, they will be able to assume its level of privilege in order to execute their own code.

CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)

This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.

CAPEC-61: Session Fixation

The attacker induces a client to establish a session with the target software using a session identifier provided by the attacker. Once the user successfully authenticates to the target software, the attacker uses the (now privileged) session identifier in their own transactions. This attack leverages the fact that the target software either relies on client-generated session identifiers or maintains the same session identifiers after privilege elevation.

CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery

An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.

CAPEC-642: Replace Binaries

Adversaries know that certain binaries will be regularly executed as part of normal processing. If these binaries are not protected with the appropriate file system permissions, it could be possible to replace them with malware. This malware might be executed at higher system permission levels. A variation of this pattern is to discover self-extracting installation packages that unpack binaries to directories with weak file permissions which it does not clean up appropriately. These binaries can be replaced by malware, which can then be executed.