CWE-693
DiscouragedProtection Mechanism Failure
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Draft
The product does not use or incorrectly uses a protection mechanism that provides sufficient defense against directed attacks against the product.
979 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-8R5H-8RGJ-GP3X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:50Protection mechanism failure for some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi software may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46329"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Protection mechanism failure for some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi software may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-8r5h-8rgj-gp3x",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:50:29Z",
"published": "2023-08-11T03:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46329"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/09/msg00043.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HUCYUR4WBTELCRHELISJ3RMZVHKIV5TN"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/K24OJT4AVMNND7LBTC2ZDDTE6DJHAKB4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y76A3PLHIQCEPESB4XVBV5SRRXQEZ5JY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00766.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RJP-6XX9-5C3C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-07-16 15:32Multiple protection mechanism failures in the Prisma Access Agent Data Loss Prevention (DLP) component for Windows allow a local user to bypass DLP policy enforcement controls.
The Prisma Access Agent on macOS is not affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-0278"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-09T20:16:24Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple protection mechanism failures in the Prisma Access Agent Data Loss Prevention (DLP) component for Windows allow a local user to bypass DLP policy enforcement controls.\n\n\n\nThe Prisma Access Agent on macOS is not affected.",
"id": "GHSA-8rjp-6xx9-5c3c",
"modified": "2026-07-16T15:32:58Z",
"published": "2026-07-09T21:31:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-0278"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2026-0278"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:A/V:C/RE:H/U:Amber",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-8RM3-F79M-54WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-26 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-26 15:32Mattermost versions 10.11.x <= 10.11.18, 11.6.x <= 11.6.3, 11.5.x <= 11.5.6 fail to properly apply markdown image rendering restrictions to AI bot tool result posts, which allows an authenticated attacker to exfiltrate data to an attacker-controlled server via injecting markdown image syntax into tool result content rendered by a victim's client.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00619
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3472"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-26T15:16:38Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions 10.11.x \u003c= 10.11.18, 11.6.x \u003c= 11.6.3, 11.5.x \u003c= 11.5.6 fail to properly apply markdown image rendering restrictions to AI bot tool result posts, which allows an authenticated attacker to exfiltrate data to an attacker-controlled server via injecting markdown image syntax into tool result content rendered by a victim\u0027s client.. Mattermost Advisory ID: MMSA-2026-00619",
"id": "GHSA-8rm3-f79m-54wg",
"modified": "2026-06-26T15:32:15Z",
"published": "2026-06-26T15:32:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3472"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8WCV-X3W8-WXW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31Inappropriate implementation in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-8wcv-x3w8-wxw2",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T00:34:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/484756087"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8X9C-RMQH-456C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-30 18:43 – Updated: 2026-06-30 18:43Description
This is a residual bypass of CVE-2026-47732 / GHSA-pr2w-4gpj-cpq4 left after the initial fix for unguarded __toString() calls. It covers two related coercion points that were not caught by the original patch.
Traversable in join and replace filters. SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed() recurses into PHP arrays so that a Stringable object hidden inside an array argument cannot be string-coerced without consulting the security policy. The recursion stops at PHP arrays: a Traversable value passed at the same position is not materialised, so its contents are not policy-checked. CoreExtension::join() and CoreExtension::replace() later materialise such Traversable inputs through self::toArray() and feed them to implode() / strtr(), both of which implicitly call __toString() on contained Stringable objects. The bypass also reproduces when the container implements both Stringable and Traversable: the container's own __toString() is policy-checked, but the elements yielded by getIterator() are not, and the consuming filters still coerce them to string.
in and not in operators. InBinary and NotInBinary compile to CoreExtension::inFilter(), which falls through to PHP's <=> operator when comparing a string with a Stringable object. PHP coerces the object to string via __toString() without the sandbox policy being consulted. Beyond the direct side effect, in can also be used as a content-leak oracle: each probe against an attacker-chosen needle leaks one bit of equality, and chained probes can reconstruct the string returned by __toString() even when every method is denied. The bypass reproduces with both array and Traversable haystacks, and on both operand sides.
A sandboxed template author who is allowed to call join / replace, or to use the in / not in operators, can therefore trigger a disallowed __toString() method on objects reachable from the render context, even when that method is not on SecurityPolicy::$allowedMethods. The bypass reproduces both under global sandbox mode and when sandboxing is enabled through SourcePolicyInterface.
Resolution
SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed() now also recurses into Traversable operands when sandboxing is active for the current source: each value is materialised once and run through the same array-recursion path, so the policy is consulted before the filter implementation can coerce contained objects to strings. This applies to plain Traversable operands as well as to containers that implement both Stringable and Traversable: the container's own __toString() is still policy-checked, and the yielded elements are additionally checked. The materialisation is guarded by isSandboxed($source) so that non-sandboxed code paths do not pay the cost or change generator-exhaustion semantics.
InBinary and NotInBinary now implement Twig\Node\CoercesChildrenToStringInterface and declare both operands as string-coerced, so SandboxNodeVisitor wraps each operand in CheckToStringNode. The policy is consulted before CoreExtension::inFilter() reaches PHP's <=> operator, matching the existing protection on the other comparison binaries (Equal, Less, Greater, Spaceship, ...).
Credits
Twig would like to thank Vincent55 Yang and Fabien Potencier for reporting the issues and Fabien Potencier for providing the fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 3.26.0"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "twig/twig"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.27.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-48807"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-30T18:43:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Description\n\nThis is a residual bypass of CVE-2026-47732 / GHSA-pr2w-4gpj-cpq4 left after the initial fix for unguarded `__toString()` calls. It covers two related coercion points that were not caught by the original patch.\n\n**`Traversable` in `join` and `replace` filters.** `SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed()` recurses into PHP arrays so that a `Stringable` object hidden inside an array argument cannot be string-coerced without consulting the security policy. The recursion stops at PHP arrays: a `Traversable` value passed at the same position is not materialised, so its contents are not policy-checked. `CoreExtension::join()` and `CoreExtension::replace()` later materialise such `Traversable` inputs through `self::toArray()` and feed them to `implode()` / `strtr()`, both of which implicitly call `__toString()` on contained `Stringable` objects. The bypass also reproduces when the container implements both `Stringable` and `Traversable`: the container\u0027s own `__toString()` is policy-checked, but the elements yielded by `getIterator()` are not, and the consuming filters still coerce them to string.\n\n**`in` and `not in` operators.** `InBinary` and `NotInBinary` compile to `CoreExtension::inFilter()`, which falls through to PHP\u0027s `\u003c=\u003e` operator when comparing a string with a `Stringable` object. PHP coerces the object to string via `__toString()` without the sandbox policy being consulted. Beyond the direct side effect, `in` can also be used as a content-leak oracle: each probe against an attacker-chosen needle leaks one bit of equality, and chained probes can reconstruct the string returned by `__toString()` even when every method is denied. The bypass reproduces with both array and `Traversable` haystacks, and on both operand sides.\n\nA sandboxed template author who is allowed to call `join` / `replace`, or to use the `in` / `not in` operators, can therefore trigger a disallowed `__toString()` method on objects reachable from the render context, even when that method is not on `SecurityPolicy::$allowedMethods`. The bypass reproduces both under global sandbox mode and when sandboxing is enabled through `SourcePolicyInterface`.\n\n### Resolution\n\n`SandboxExtension::ensureToStringAllowed()` now also recurses into `Traversable` operands when sandboxing is active for the current source: each value is materialised once and run through the same array-recursion path, so the policy is consulted before the filter implementation can coerce contained objects to strings. This applies to plain `Traversable` operands as well as to containers that implement both `Stringable` and `Traversable`: the container\u0027s own `__toString()` is still policy-checked, and the yielded elements are additionally checked. The materialisation is guarded by `isSandboxed($source)` so that non-sandboxed code paths do not pay the cost or change generator-exhaustion semantics.\n\n`InBinary` and `NotInBinary` now implement `Twig\\Node\\CoercesChildrenToStringInterface` and declare both operands as string-coerced, so `SandboxNodeVisitor` wraps each operand in `CheckToStringNode`. The policy is consulted before `CoreExtension::inFilter()` reaches PHP\u0027s `\u003c=\u003e` operator, matching the existing protection on the other comparison binaries (`Equal`, `Less`, `Greater`, `Spaceship`, ...).\n\n### Credits\n\nTwig would like to thank Vincent55 Yang and Fabien Potencier for reporting the issues and Fabien Potencier for providing the fix.",
"id": "GHSA-8x9c-rmqh-456c",
"modified": "2026-06-30T18:43:23Z",
"published": "2026-06-30T18:43:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/security/advisories/GHSA-8x9c-rmqh-456c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/FriendsOfPHP/security-advisories/blob/master/twig/twig/CVE-2026-48807.yaml"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/twigphp/Twig"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/twigphp/Twig/releases/tag/v3.27.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://symfony.com/blog/cve-2026-48807-sandbox-tostring-policy-bypass-via-traversable-in-join-replace-and-in-not-in-operators"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Twig: Sandbox `__toString()` policy bypass via `Traversable` in `join` and `replace` filters"
}
GHSA-8XJP-RP29-V5J8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-01-13 00:00 – Updated: 2023-06-27 22:18Jenkins Debian Package Builder Plugin 1.6.11 and earlier implements functionality that allows agent processes to invoke command-line git at an attacker-specified path on the controller.
This allows attackers able to control agent processes to invoke arbitrary OS commands on the controller.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "ru.yandex.jenkins.plugins.debuilder:debian-package-builder"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.6.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-23118"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-668",
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-01T20:10:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-01-12T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Jenkins Debian Package Builder Plugin 1.6.11 and earlier implements functionality that allows agent processes to invoke command-line git at an attacker-specified path on the controller.\n\nThis allows attackers able to control agent processes to invoke arbitrary OS commands on the controller.",
"id": "GHSA-8xjp-rp29-v5j8",
"modified": "2023-06-27T22:18:19Z",
"published": "2022-01-13T00:00:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-23118"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/debian-package-builder-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2022-01-12/#SECURITY-2546"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/01/12/6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Agent-to-controller security bypass in Jenkins Debian Package Builder Plugin"
}
GHSA-926H-3QGQ-9W39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-12 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 21:32A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause a denial-of-service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-46290"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T23:16:02Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.4, macOS Sonoma 14.8.4. A remote attacker may be able to cause a denial-of-service.",
"id": "GHSA-926h-3qgq-9w39",
"modified": "2026-04-02T21:32:41Z",
"published": "2026-02-12T00:31:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-46290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125884"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125886"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125890"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126349"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126350"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-92CC-JFH8-G56M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 15:32In performPreInstallChecks of InstallRepository.kt, there is a possible way to bypass MDM policy due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-48652"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T22:16:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In performPreInstallChecks of InstallRepository.kt, there is a possible way to bypass MDM policy due to a logic error in the code. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-92cc-jfh8-g56m",
"modified": "2026-06-02T15:32:01Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T00:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48652"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/2026/2026-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-93JV-57JG-994C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-03-03 21:31An authentication bypass vulnerability in the authorization mechanism of Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 allows unauthorized attackers to perform Administrative actions using service accounts.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-55024"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T20:16:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability in the authorization mechanism of Weintek cMT-3072XH2 easyweb v2.1.53, OS v20231011 allows unauthorized attackers to perform Administrative actions using service accounts.",
"id": "GHSA-93jv-57jg-994c",
"modified": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:31:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-55024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/AenganZ/f86ed0da28825a1432ec697f484622de"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plain-trick-71d.notion.site/weintek-cMT-3072XH2-14687a89c4c181eeb21ad61e0392f34b?pvs=4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-93X2-246X-H3JH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-19 15:31 – Updated: 2026-05-20 18:31Mitigation bypass in the DOM: Security component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 151 and Firefox ESR 140.11.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8962"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-693"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-19T14:16:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Mitigation bypass in the DOM: Security component. This vulnerability was fixed in Firefox 151 and Firefox ESR 140.11.",
"id": "GHSA-93x2-246x-h3jh",
"modified": "2026-05-20T18:31:33Z",
"published": "2026-05-19T15:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8962"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=2004804"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-46"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-48"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-50"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2026-51"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-107: Cross Site Tracing
Cross Site Tracing (XST) enables an adversary to steal the victim's session cookie and possibly other authentication credentials transmitted in the header of the HTTP request when the victim's browser communicates to a destination system's web server.
CAPEC-127: Directory Indexing
An adversary crafts a request to a target that results in the target listing/indexing the content of a directory as output. One common method of triggering directory contents as output is to construct a request containing a path that terminates in a directory name rather than a file name since many applications are configured to provide a list of the directory's contents when such a request is received. An adversary can use this to explore the directory tree on a target as well as learn the names of files. This can often end up revealing test files, backup files, temporary files, hidden files, configuration files, user accounts, script contents, as well as naming conventions, all of which can be used by an attacker to mount additional attacks.
CAPEC-17: Using Malicious Files
An attack of this type exploits a system's configuration that allows an adversary to either directly access an executable file, for example through shell access; or in a possible worst case allows an adversary to upload a file and then execute it. Web servers, ftp servers, and message oriented middleware systems which have many integration points are particularly vulnerable, because both the programmers and the administrators must be in synch regarding the interfaces and the correct privileges for each interface.
CAPEC-20: Encryption Brute Forcing
An attacker, armed with the cipher text and the encryption algorithm used, performs an exhaustive (brute force) search on the key space to determine the key that decrypts the cipher text to obtain the plaintext.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-237: Escaping a Sandbox by Calling Code in Another Language
The attacker may submit malicious code of another language to obtain access to privileges that were not intentionally exposed by the sandbox, thus escaping the sandbox. For instance, Java code cannot perform unsafe operations, such as modifying arbitrary memory locations, due to restrictions placed on it by the Byte code Verifier and the JVM. If allowed, Java code can call directly into native C code, which may perform unsafe operations, such as call system calls and modify arbitrary memory locations on their behalf. To provide isolation, Java does not grant untrusted code with unmediated access to native C code. Instead, the sandboxed code is typically allowed to call some subset of the pre-existing native code that is part of standard libraries.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-477: Signature Spoofing by Mixing Signed and Unsigned Content
An attacker exploits the underlying complexity of a data structure that allows for both signed and unsigned content, to cause unsigned data to be processed as though it were signed data.
CAPEC-480: Escaping Virtualization
An adversary gains access to an application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by escaping the confines of a virtualized environment. The adversary is then able to access resources or execute unauthorized code within the host environment, generally with the privileges of the user running the virtualized process. Successfully executing an attack of this type is often the first step in executing more complex attacks.
CAPEC-51: Poison Web Service Registry
SOA and Web Services often use a registry to perform look up, get schema information, and metadata about services. A poisoned registry can redirect (think phishing for servers) the service requester to a malicious service provider, provide incorrect information in schema or metadata, and delete information about service provider interfaces.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-65: Sniff Application Code
An adversary passively sniffs network communications and captures application code bound for an authorized client. Once obtained, they can use it as-is, or through reverse-engineering glean sensitive information or exploit the trust relationship between the client and server. Such code may belong to a dynamic update to the client, a patch being applied to a client component or any such interaction where the client is authorized to communicate with the server.
CAPEC-668: Key Negotiation of Bluetooth Attack (KNOB)
An adversary can exploit a flaw in Bluetooth key negotiation allowing them to decrypt information sent between two devices communicating via Bluetooth. The adversary uses an Adversary in the Middle setup to modify packets sent between the two devices during the authentication process, specifically the entropy bits. Knowledge of the number of entropy bits will allow the attacker to easily decrypt information passing over the line of communication.
CAPEC-74: Manipulating State
The adversary modifies state information maintained by the target software or causes a state transition in hardware. If successful, the target will use this tainted state and execute in an unintended manner.
State management is an important function within a software application. User state maintained by the application can include usernames, payment information, browsing history as well as application-specific contents such as items in a shopping cart. Manipulating user state can be employed by an adversary to elevate privilege, conduct fraudulent transactions or otherwise modify the flow of the application to derive certain benefits.
If there is a hardware logic error in a finite state machine, the adversary can use this to put the system in an undefined state which could cause a denial of service or exposure of secure data.
CAPEC-87: Forceful Browsing
An attacker employs forceful browsing (direct URL entry) to access portions of a website that are otherwise unreachable. Usually, a front controller or similar design pattern is employed to protect access to portions of a web application. Forceful browsing enables an attacker to access information, perform privileged operations and otherwise reach sections of the web application that have been improperly protected.