Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-675
Allowed-with-ReviewMultiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product performs the same operation on a resource two or more times, when the operation should only be applied once.
6 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-77860 (GCVE-0-2026-77860)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-16 08:29 – Updated: 2026-09-16 14:45
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
'serve-expired' can bypass Unbound 'wait-limit'
Summary
In NLnetLabs Unbound 1.20.0 up to and including 1.26.0, a vulnerability on the 'serve-expired' code path can cause a double decrement on the 'wait-limit' counter per client IP essentially bypassing one of the counter measures that was introduced for DNSBomb (CVE-2024-33655). A malicious actor can exploit this by controlling an authoritative zone with short TTL, so cached entries expire quickly. Each 'slow' query, one the attacker's authoritative never answers, is followed by one query for an expired cached name, which is answered immediately via the 'serve-expired' path and decrements the counter twice. This second query was named 'pump'. By alternating slow queries and pumps, the attacker keeps the per-client counter at or below the configured 'wait-limit' indefinitely, and can hold an arbitrary number of pending queries from a single source IP, up to the global mesh quota (num-queries-per-thread); eventually bypassing one of the counter measures introduced for DNSBomb (CVE-2024-33655). This vulnerability is present on the 'serve-expired' code path.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-09-16 14:45 UTC
CWE
- CWE-675 - Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-20… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NLnet Labs | Unbound |
Affected:
1.20.0 , < 1.26.1
(semver)
|
Date Public
2026-09-16 00:00
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CVE-2025-68973 (GCVE-0-2025-68973)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-12-28 16:19 – Updated: 2026-04-30 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)
Severity
7.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-04-29 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-675 - Multiple Operations on Resource in Single-Operation Context
Assigner
References
9 references
Impacted products
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CVE-2019-17638 (GCVE-0-2019-17638)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2020-07-09 18:10 – Updated: 2024-08-05 01:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
In Eclipse Jetty, versions 9.4.27.v20200227 to 9.4.29.v20200521, in case of too large response headers, Jetty throws an exception to produce an HTTP 431 error. When this happens, the ByteBuffer containing the HTTP response headers is released back to the ByteBufferPool twice. Because of this double release, two threads can acquire the same ByteBuffer from the pool and while thread1 is about to use the ByteBuffer to write response1 data, thread2 fills the ByteBuffer with other data. Thread1 then proceeds to write the buffer that now contains different data. This results in client1, which issued request1 seeing data from another request or response which could contain sensitive data belonging to client2 (HTTP session ids, authentication credentials, etc.). If the Jetty version cannot be upgraded, the vulnerability can be significantly reduced by configuring a responseHeaderSize significantly larger than the requestHeaderSize (12KB responseHeaderSize and 8KB requestHeaderSize).
Severity
No CVSS data available.
CWE
Assigner
References
17 references
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| The Eclipse Foundation | Eclipse Jetty |
Affected:
9.4.27.v20200227 to 9.4.29.v20200521
|
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GHSA-8483-8QXH-JCF2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-16 09:30 – Updated: 2026-09-16 09:30
VLAI
Details
In NLnetLabs Unbound 1.20.0 up to and including 1.26.0, a vulnerability on the 'serve-expired' code path can cause a double decrement on the 'wait-limit' counter per client IP essentially bypassing one of the counter measures that was introduced for DNSBomb (CVE-2024-33655). A malicious actor can exploit this by controlling an authoritative zone with short TTL, so cached entries expire quickly. Each 'slow' query, one the attacker's authoritative never answers, is followed by one query for an expired cached name, which is answered immediately via the 'serve-expired' path and decrements the counter twice. This second query was named 'pump'. By alternating slow queries and pumps, the attacker keeps the per-client counter at or below the configured 'wait-limit' indefinitely, and can hold an arbitrary number of pending queries from a single source IP, up to the global mesh quota (num-queries-per-thread); eventually bypassing one of the counter measures introduced for DNSBomb (CVE-2024-33655). This vulnerability is present on the 'serve-expired' code path.
Severity
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-77860"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-675"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-16T09:17:05Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "In NLnetLabs Unbound 1.20.0 up to and including 1.26.0, a vulnerability on the \u0027serve-expired\u0027 code path can cause a double decrement on the \u0027wait-limit\u0027 counter per client IP essentially bypassing one of the counter measures that was introduced for DNSBomb (CVE-2024-33655). A malicious actor can exploit this by controlling an authoritative zone with short TTL, so cached entries expire quickly. Each \u0027slow\u0027 query, one the attacker\u0027s authoritative never answers, is followed by one query for an expired cached name, which is answered immediately via the \u0027serve-expired\u0027 path and decrements the counter twice. This second query was named \u0027pump\u0027. By alternating slow queries and pumps, the attacker keeps the per-client counter at or below the configured \u0027wait-limit\u0027 indefinitely, and can hold an arbitrary number of pending queries from a single source IP, up to the global mesh quota (num-queries-per-thread); eventually bypassing one of the counter measures introduced for DNSBomb (CVE-2024-33655). This vulnerability is present on the \u0027serve-expired\u0027 code path.",
"id": "GHSA-8483-8qxh-jcf2",
"modified": "2026-09-16T09:30:26Z",
"published": "2026-09-16T09:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.nlnetlabs.nl/downloads/unbound/CVE-2026-77860.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-PJ23-86WW-F72P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-28 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-14 21:34
VLAI
Details
In GnuPG through 2.4.8, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68973"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-675",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-28T17:16:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In GnuPG through 2.4.8, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input.",
"id": "GHSA-pj23-86ww-f72p",
"modified": "2026-01-14T21:34:04Z",
"published": "2025-12-28T18:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68973"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/commit/115d138ba599328005c5321c0ef9f00355838ca9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/blob/ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4/g10/armor.c#L1305-L1306"
},
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"url": "https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/compare/gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51"
},
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"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gpg.fail/memcpy"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://media.ccc.de/v/39c3-to-sign-or-not-to-sign-practical-vulnerabilities-i"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46403200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/28/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/29/11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X3RH-M7VP-35F2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-08-05 14:52 – Updated: 2021-06-15 18:11
VLAI
Summary
Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release in Jetty Server
Details
In Eclipse Jetty, versions 9.4.27.v20200227 to 9.4.29.v20200521, in case of too large response headers, Jetty throws an exception to produce an HTTP 431 error. When this happens, the ByteBuffer containing the HTTP response headers is released back to the ByteBufferPool twice. Because of this double release, two threads can acquire the same ByteBuffer from the pool and while thread1 is about to use the ByteBuffer to write response1 data, thread2 fills the ByteBuffer with response2 data. Thread1 then proceeds to write the buffer that now contains response2 data. This results in client1, which issued request1 and expects responses, to see response2 which could contain sensitive data belonging to client2 (HTTP session ids, authentication credentials, etc.).
Severity
9.4 (Critical)
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.4.30.v20200610"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.4.27"
},
{
"fixed": "9.4.30.v20200611"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-17638"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-672",
"CWE-675"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-03T20:11:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2020-07-09T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Eclipse Jetty, versions 9.4.27.v20200227 to 9.4.29.v20200521, in case of too large response headers, Jetty throws an exception to produce an HTTP 431 error. When this happens, the ByteBuffer containing the HTTP response headers is released back to the ByteBufferPool twice. Because of this double release, two threads can acquire the same ByteBuffer from the pool and while thread1 is about to use the ByteBuffer to write response1 data, thread2 fills the ByteBuffer with response2 data. Thread1 then proceeds to write the buffer that now contains response2 data. This results in client1, which issued request1 and expects responses, to see response2 which could contain sensitive data belonging to client2 (HTTP session ids, authentication credentials, etc.).",
"id": "GHSA-x3rh-m7vp-35f2",
"modified": "2021-06-15T18:11:20Z",
"published": "2020-08-05T14:52:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-17638"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/4936"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/commit/ff8ae56fa939c3477a0cdd1ff56ce3d902f08fba"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGECLIPSEJETTY-575561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XE6US6VPZHOWFMUSFGDS5V2DNQPY5MKB"
},
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},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9a2cfa56d30782a0c17a5deb951a622d1f5c8de48e1c3b578ffc2a84@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r9584c4304c888f651d214341a939bd264ed30c9e3d0d30fe85097ecf@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r81f58591fb4716fb867b36956f30c7c8ad4ab3f23abc952d9d86a2a0@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r7fc5f2ed49641ea91c433e3cd0fc3d31c0278c87b82b15c33b881415@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r521168299e023fb075b57afe33d17ff1d09e8a10e0fd8c775ea0e028@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r4bdd3f7bb6820a79f9416b6667d718a06d269018619a75ce4b759318@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r378e4cdec15e132575aa1dcb6296ffeff2a896745a8991522e266ad4@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread.html/r29073905dc9139d0d7a146595694bf57bb9e35e5ec6aa73eb9c8443a@%3Ccommits.pulsar.apache.org%3E"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=564984"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/08/17/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Operation on a Resource after Expiration or Release in Jetty Server"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.