CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2305 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-X47V-W3JF-M3Q9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-11 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:24A url redirection to untrusted site ('open redirect') in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiOS version 7.0.0 through 7.0.9, FortiOS versions 6.4.0 through 6.4.12, FortiOS all versions 6.2, FortiOS all versions 6.0, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, FortiProxy version 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiProxy all versions 2.0, FortiProxy all versions 1.2, FortiProxy all versions 1.1, FortiProxy all versions 1.0 allows an authenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22641"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-11T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A url redirection to untrusted site (\u0027open redirect\u0027) in Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiOS version 7.0.0 through 7.0.9, FortiOS versions 6.4.0 through 6.4.12, FortiOS all versions 6.2, FortiOS all versions 6.0, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, FortiProxy version 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiProxy all versions 2.0, FortiProxy all versions 1.2, FortiProxy all versions 1.1, FortiProxy all versions 1.0 allows an authenticated attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted requests.",
"id": "GHSA-x47v-w3jf-m3q9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:24:39Z",
"published": "2023-04-11T18:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22641"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-22-479"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4WP-6W9Q-MRXF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22263"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-x4wp-6w9q-mrxf",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22263"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4WQ-676Q-52FX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:24 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:24dayrui FineCms 5.0.9 has URL Redirector Abuse via the url parameter in a sync action, related to controllers/Weixin.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-11586"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-24T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "dayrui FineCms 5.0.9 has URL Redirector Abuse via the url parameter in a sync action, related to controllers/Weixin.php.",
"id": "GHSA-x4wq-676q-52fx",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:24:07Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:24:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-11586"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lorexxar.cn/2017/07/20/FineCMS%20multi%20vulnerablity%20before%20v5.0.9/#URL-Redirector-Abuse"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X4XQ-7WP5-X9V6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:50The nd-travel plugin before 1.7 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15773"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-29T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The nd-travel plugin before 1.7 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.",
"id": "GHSA-x4xq-7wp5-x9v6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:50:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15773"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://threatpost.com/wordpress-plugins-exploited-in-ongoing-attack-researchers-warn/147671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/nd-travel/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9491"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X56P-C8CG-Q435
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-10-08 19:28 – Updated: 2021-10-06 21:27Impact
- Affected: Users of Next.js between 9.5.0 and 9.5.3
- Not affected: Deployments on Vercel (https://vercel.com) are not affected
- Not affected: Deployments using
next export
We recommend everyone to upgrade regardless of whether you can reproduce the issue or not.
Patches
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v9.5.4
References
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v9.5.4
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "next"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.5.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-10-08T19:27:38Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\n- **Affected**: Users of Next.js between 9.5.0 and 9.5.3 \n- **Not affected**: Deployments on Vercel ([https://vercel.com](https://vercel.com)) are not affected\n- **Not affected**: Deployments using `next export`\n\nWe recommend everyone to upgrade regardless of whether you can reproduce the issue or not.\n\n### Patches\n\nhttps://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v9.5.4\n\n### References\n\nhttps://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v9.5.4\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-x56p-c8cg-q435",
"modified": "2021-10-06T21:27:19Z",
"published": "2020-10-08T19:28:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-x56p-c8cg-q435"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15242"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/zeit/next.js/releases/tag/v9.5.4"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Open Redirect in Next.js versions"
}
GHSA-X598-7968-M6VH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-10 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-10 21:30A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Catalyst User Key Authentication Plugin 20220819 on Moodle. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /auth/userkey/logout.php of the component Logout. The manipulation of the argument return leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-4513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-10T20:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in Catalyst User Key Authentication Plugin 20220819 on Moodle. Affected by this vulnerability is an unknown functionality of the file /auth/userkey/logout.php of the component Logout. The manipulation of the argument return leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-x598-7968-m6vh",
"modified": "2025-05-10T21:30:29Z",
"published": "2025-05-10T21:30:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-4513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Cyber-Wo0dy/report/blob/main/moodle/key_user_authentication/v2022081901/key_user_authentication_open_redirection"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.308233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.308233"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.564090"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5CR-W4X6-22R9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-31 00:31 – Updated: 2025-12-31 00:31Ksenia Security Lares 4.0 version 1.6 contains a URL redirection vulnerability in the 'cmdOk.xml' script that allows attackers to manipulate the 'redirectPage' GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect authenticated users to arbitrary websites when clicking on a specially constructed link hosted on a trusted domain.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-15112"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-30T23:15:49Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Ksenia Security Lares 4.0 version 1.6 contains a URL redirection vulnerability in the \u0027cmdOk.xml\u0027 script that allows attackers to manipulate the \u0027redirectPage\u0027 GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect authenticated users to arbitrary websites when clicking on a specially constructed link hosted on a trusted domain.",
"id": "GHSA-x5cr-w4x6-22r9",
"modified": "2025-12-31T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2025-12-31T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-15112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstorm.news/files/id/190179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kseniasecurity.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ksenia-security-lares-home-automation-url-redirection-vulnerability"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2025-5928.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5P7-94VM-F9X3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:34 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:34An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3.2 is affected. macOS before 10.12.5 is affected. The issue involves the "iBooks" component. It allows remote attackers to trigger visits to arbitrary URLs via a crafted book.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-2497"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-22T05:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in certain Apple products. iOS before 10.3.2 is affected. macOS before 10.12.5 is affected. The issue involves the \"iBooks\" component. It allows remote attackers to trigger visits to arbitrary URLs via a crafted book.",
"id": "GHSA-x5p7-94vm-f9x3",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:34:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:34:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-2497"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT207798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1038484"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5Q4-VVH5-CPGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-01 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:19An Open Redirect vulnerability exists prior to version 1.52.117, where the built-in QR scanner in Brave Browser Android navigated to scanned URLs automatically without showing the URL first. Now the user must manually navigate to the URL.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28364"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-01T00:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An Open Redirect vulnerability exists prior to version 1.52.117, where the built-in QR scanner in Brave Browser Android navigated to scanned URLs automatically without showing the URL first. Now the user must manually navigate to the URL.",
"id": "GHSA-x5q4-vvh5-cpgr",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:19:28Z",
"published": "2023-07-01T00:30:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28364"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1946534"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-X5W9-633F-FVMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-02 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-02 18:31VMware SD-WAN Orchestrator contains an open redirect vulnerability.
A malicious actor may be able to redirect a victim to an attacker controlled domain due to improper path handling leading to sensitive information disclosure.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-22248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-02T16:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "VMware SD-WAN Orchestrator contains an open redirect vulnerability.\n\nA malicious actor may be able to redirect a victim to an attacker \ncontrolled domain due to improper path handling leading to sensitive \ninformation disclosure.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-x5w9-633f-fvmj",
"modified": "2024-04-02T18:31:16Z",
"published": "2024-04-02T18:31:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-22248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2024-0008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.