CWE-601
AllowedURL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The web application accepts a user-controlled input that specifies a link to an external site, and uses that link in a redirect.
2580 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JRVQ-63CF-MJMH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: UI Framework). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-47002"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: UI Framework). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker and while the vulnerability is in Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data as well as unauthorized read access to a subset of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 6.1 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-jrvq-63cf-mjmh",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:14Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-47002"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRWC-G36X-GQC7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-08-07 12:31 – Updated: 2026-09-07 15:33The Webbox of TeamDavid by Tobit Laboratories AG constructs redirect URLs using user-supplied input, which is appended to the redirect target in a 302 HTTP response. By using URL-encoded characters such as “%2e” (representing a dot), an attacker can manipulate the portion of the URL following the top-level domain (TLD). If a similar, registerable TLD exists (for example, if “.com” is the application’s domain, and “.company” is available for registration), an attacker can craft a URL to redirect users to a malicious “.company” domain. By using URL-encoded line feeds, it becomes possible to insert arbitrary response headers in the server's HTTP response.
This issue affects TeamDavid through Rollout 524.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-08-07T10:16:56Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Webbox of TeamDavid by\u00a0Tobit Laboratories AG\u00a0constructs redirect URLs using user-supplied input, \nwhich is appended to the redirect target in a 302 HTTP response. By \nusing URL-encoded characters such as \u201c%2e\u201d (representing a dot), an \nattacker can manipulate the portion of the URL following the top-level \ndomain (TLD). If a similar, registerable TLD exists (for example, if \n\u201c.com\u201d is the application\u2019s domain, and \u201c.company\u201d is available for \nregistration), an attacker can craft a URL to redirect users to a \nmalicious \u201c.company\u201d domain. By using URL-encoded line feeds, it becomes\n possible to insert arbitrary response headers in the server\u0027s HTTP \nresponse.\n\n\n\nThis issue affects TeamDavid through Rollout 524.",
"id": "GHSA-jrwc-g36x-gqc7",
"modified": "2026-09-07T15:33:44Z",
"published": "2026-08-07T12:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chayns.net/77892-10814/tapp/763210?postId=11454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://david.tobit.software/releasenotes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://labs.infoguard.ch/posts/22-cves-in-david-a-secure-m365-alternative"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JVCJ-QC86-J594
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-18 09:30 – Updated: 2025-07-18 09:30An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality.
Prerequisites for exploitation:
-
Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance
-
Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-18T08:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An open redirect vulnerability has been identified in Grafana OSS organization switching functionality.\n\n\nPrerequisites for exploitation:\n\n- Multiple organizations must exist in the Grafana instance\n\n- Victim must be on a different organization than the one specified in the URL",
"id": "GHSA-jvcj-qc86-j594",
"modified": "2025-07-18T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-07-18T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/blog/2025/07/17/grafana-security-release-medium-and-high-severity-fixes-for-cve-2025-6197-and-cve-2025-6023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2025-6197"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JVF7-QPQH-8MXH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-02-08 15:30 – Updated: 2023-02-18 21:30Open Redirect in GitHub repository btcpayserver/btcpayserver prior to 1.7.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0748"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-02-08T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Open Redirect in GitHub repository btcpayserver/btcpayserver prior to 1.7.6.",
"id": "GHSA-jvf7-qpqh-8mxh",
"modified": "2023-02-18T21:30:17Z",
"published": "2023-02-08T15:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0748"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/btcpayserver/btcpayserver/pull/4575/commits/c2cfa17e9619046b43987627b8429541d2834109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/btcpayserver/btcpayserver/commit/c2cfa17e9619046b43987627b8429541d2834109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/1a0403b6-9ec9-4587-b559-b1afba798c86"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW42-J8WW-PFX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:55 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:50The nd-learning plugin before 4.8 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15775"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-08-29T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The nd-learning plugin before 4.8 for WordPress has a nopriv_ AJAX action that allows modification of the siteurl setting.",
"id": "GHSA-jw42-j8ww-pfx5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:50:51Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:55:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15775"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://threatpost.com/wordpress-plugins-exploited-in-ongoing-attack-researchers-warn/147671"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/nd-learning/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/9496"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW5X-FPWH-9XWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 18:30 – Updated: 2023-03-22 18:30Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22260"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "Experience Manager versions 6.5.15.0 (and earlier) are affected by a URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability. A low-privilege authenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to redirect users to malicious websites. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-jw5x-fpwh-9xwg",
"modified": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22260"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-18.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW7G-9H6R-CJ94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-08 00:31 – Updated: 2026-01-08 00:31V-SOL GPON/EPON OLT Platform v2.03 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the script that allows attackers to manipulate the 'parent' GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect logged-in users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the redirect mechanism.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-08T00:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "V-SOL GPON/EPON OLT Platform v2.03 contains an open redirect vulnerability in the script that allows attackers to manipulate the \u0027parent\u0027 GET parameter. Attackers can craft malicious links that redirect logged-in users to arbitrary websites by exploiting improper input validation in the redirect mechanism.",
"id": "GHSA-jw7g-9h6r-cj94",
"modified": "2026-01-08T00:31:15Z",
"published": "2026-01-08T00:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2019090193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/167772"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/154628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vsolcn.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2019-5535.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW7J-6GFH-6FRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-16 09:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:32URL Redirection to Untrusted Site ('Open Redirect') vulnerability in wpWax Directorist directorist allows Phishing.This issue affects Directorist: from n/a through <= 8.5.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64250"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-16T09:15:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "URL Redirection to Untrusted Site (\u0027Open Redirect\u0027) vulnerability in wpWax Directorist directorist allows Phishing.This issue affects Directorist: from n/a through \u003c= 8.5.6.",
"id": "GHSA-jw7j-6gfh-6frg",
"modified": "2026-01-20T15:32:13Z",
"published": "2025-12-16T09:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/directorist/vulnerability/wordpress-directorist-plugin-8-5-6-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/directorist/vulnerability/wordpress-directorist-plugin-8-5-6-open-redirection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JW9V-4476-63RF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-26 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-05 00:00In JetBrains TeamCity before 2021.2.1, a redirection to an external site was possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-24330"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-25T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In JetBrains TeamCity before 2021.2.1, a redirection to an external site was possible.",
"id": "GHSA-jw9v-4476-63rf",
"modified": "2022-03-05T00:00:56Z",
"published": "2022-02-26T00:00:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-24330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.jetbrains.com/blog/2022/02/08/jetbrains-security-bulletin-q4-2021"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JWGJ-V3J4-F3WG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-11 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-24 21:32Concrete CMS versions 9.5.0 through 9.5.2 are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the rcURL parameter. An attacker can craft a single link on the site's own domain that sends a user to an arbitrary external site immediately after authentication, facilitating phishing and credential theft. The same handling is present in the registration flow, giving a second entry point on sites with registration enabled. Concrete CMS versions prior to 9.5.0 do not include the rcURL parameter or this allowlist and are not affected. The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 5.3 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks Michal M. for reporting.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-81913"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-601"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-09-11T20:19:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Concrete CMS versions 9.5.0 through 9.5.2 are vulnerable to Open Redirect via the rcURL parameter. An attacker can craft a single link on the site\u0027s own domain that sends a user to an arbitrary external site immediately after authentication, facilitating phishing and credential theft. The same handling is present in the registration flow, giving a second entry point on sites with registration enabled. Concrete CMS versions prior to 9.5.0 do not include the rcURL parameter or this allowlist and are not affected.\u00a0The Concrete CMS security team gave this vulnerability a CVSS v4.0 score of 5.3 with vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. Thanks Michal M. for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-jwgj-v3j4-f3wg",
"modified": "2026-09-24T21:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-09-11T21:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-81913"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.concretecms.org/developers/introduction/version-history/953-release-notes"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- Use a list of approved URLs or domains to be used for redirection.
Mitigation
Use an intermediate disclaimer page that provides the user with a clear warning that they are leaving the current site. Implement a long timeout before the redirect occurs, or force the user to click on the link. Be careful to avoid XSS problems (CWE-79) when generating the disclaimer page.
Mitigation MIT-21.2
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "/login.asp" and ID 2 could map to "http://www.example.com/". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-45] provide this capability.
Mitigation
Ensure that no externally-supplied requests are honored by requiring that all redirect requests include a unique nonce generated by the application [REF-483]. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330).
Mitigation MIT-6
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide data to the application. Remember that such inputs may be obtained indirectly through API calls.
- Many open redirect problems occur because the programmer assumed that certain inputs could not be modified, such as cookies and hidden form fields.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-178: Cross-Site Flashing
An attacker is able to trick the victim into executing a Flash document that passes commands or calls to a Flash player browser plugin, allowing the attacker to exploit native Flash functionality in the client browser. This attack pattern occurs where an attacker can provide a crafted link to a Flash document (SWF file) which, when followed, will cause additional malicious instructions to be executed. The attacker does not need to serve or control the Flash document. The attack takes advantage of the fact that Flash files can reference external URLs. If variables that serve as URLs that the Flash application references can be controlled through parameters, then by creating a link that includes values for those parameters, an attacker can cause arbitrary content to be referenced and possibly executed by the targeted Flash application.