CWE-502
AllowedDeserialization of Untrusted Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.
4801 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-RR7M-4H79-Q5QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-19 21:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Chimpstudio FoodBakery allows Object Injection.This issue affects FoodBakery: from n/a through 3.3.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-32927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-19T20:15:22Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Chimpstudio FoodBakery allows Object Injection.This issue affects FoodBakery: from n/a through 3.3.",
"id": "GHSA-rr7m-4h79-q5qx",
"modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:13Z",
"published": "2025-05-19T21:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/wp-foodbakery/vulnerability/wordpress-foodbakery-plugin-3-3-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR7V-4FCC-QWW3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-01 18:31 – Updated: 2026-05-01 21:31Unsafe deserialization vulnerability in MixPHP Framework 2.x thru 2.2.17. The session and cache handlers use unserialize() on data from Redis in the RedisHandler object.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42472"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-01T16:16:31Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unsafe deserialization vulnerability in MixPHP Framework 2.x thru 2.2.17. The session and cache handlers use unserialize() on data from Redis in the RedisHandler object.",
"id": "GHSA-rr7v-4fcc-qww3",
"modified": "2026-05-01T21:31:19Z",
"published": "2026-05-01T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42472"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/sgInnora/fa46386840fe978a30d7e53c458f2975"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mix-php/mix"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mix-php/mix/blob/v2.2.17/src/sync-invoke/src/Server.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR87-H7HQ-M7H7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-27 21:30 – Updated: 2025-10-27 21:30A vulnerability was found in quequnlong shiyi-blog up to 1.2.1. This impacts an unknown function of the file src/main/java/com/mojian/controller/SysJobController.java of the component Job Handler. The manipulation results in deserialization. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12305"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-27T19:16:01Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in quequnlong shiyi-blog up to 1.2.1. This impacts an unknown function of the file src/main/java/com/mojian/controller/SysJobController.java of the component Job Handler. The manipulation results in deserialization. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made public and could be used.",
"id": "GHSA-rr87-h7hq-m7h7",
"modified": "2025-10-27T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-10-27T21:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12305"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dongodid/cve-sub/blob/main/shiyi-blog/RCE.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.329977"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.329977"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.676725"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.676730"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RR8M-QW97-823V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:38 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:38The Proofpoint Insider Threat Management Server (formerly ObserveIT Server) before 7.9.1 contains a vulnerability in the ITM application server's WriteImage API. The vulnerability allows an anonymous remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with local administrator privileges. The vulnerability is caused by improper deserialization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10658"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-01-06T14:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Proofpoint Insider Threat Management Server (formerly ObserveIT Server) before 7.9.1 contains a vulnerability in the ITM application server\u0027s WriteImage API. The vulnerability allows an anonymous remote attacker to execute arbitrary code with local administrator privileges. The vulnerability is caused by improper deserialization.",
"id": "GHSA-rr8m-qw97-823v",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:38:04Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:38:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/blog"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.proofpoint.com/us/security/security-advisories/pfpt-sa-2020-0003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-RR9Q-89CR-8FCP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:49 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:49The JIRA Workflow Designer Plugin in Atlassian JIRA Server before 6.3.0 improperly uses an XML parser and deserializer, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, read arbitrary files, or cause a denial of service via a crafted serialized Java object.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-5983"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-10T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The JIRA Workflow Designer Plugin in Atlassian JIRA Server before 6.3.0 improperly uses an XML parser and deserializer, which allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code, read arbitrary files, or cause a denial of service via a crafted serialized Java object.",
"id": "GHSA-rr9q-89cr-8fcp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:49:52Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:49:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-5983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://confluence.atlassian.com/jira063/jira-security-advisory-2017-03-09-875604401.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jira.atlassian.com/browse/JRASERVER-64077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/307983"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://codewhitesec.blogspot.com/2017/04/amf.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97379"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRHF-32RQ-F28H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-10 09:30 – Updated: 2025-02-13 18:54In Apache Linkis <=1.3.1, because the parameters are not effectively filtered, the attacker can use the MySQL data source and malicious parameters to configure a new data source to trigger a deserialization vulnerability, eventually leading to remote code execution. Users should upgrade their version of Linkis to version 1.3.2.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.linkis:linkis-datasource"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-29216"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-04-10T16:58:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-10T08:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In Apache Linkis \u003c=1.3.1, because the parameters are not effectively filtered, the attacker can use the MySQL data source and malicious parameters to configure a new data source to trigger a deserialization vulnerability, eventually leading to remote code execution. Users should upgrade their version of Linkis to version 1.3.2.",
"id": "GHSA-rrhf-32rq-f28h",
"modified": "2025-02-13T18:54:02Z",
"published": "2023-04-10T09:30:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-29216"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/linkis"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://linkis.apache.org/download/release-notes-1.3.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/18vv0m32oy51nzk8tbz13qdl5569y55l"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/04/10/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Linkis DatasourceManager module has deserialization vulnerability"
}
GHSA-RRV5-7VMV-WHMJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-04 12:30 – Updated: 2025-07-30 21:31A vulnerability in the sendMailFromRemoteSource method in Emails.php as used in Bitdefender GravityZone Console unsafely uses php unserialize() on user-supplied input without validation. By crafting a malicious serialized payload, an attacker can trigger PHP object injection, perform a file write, and gain arbitrary command execution on the host system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-2244"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-04T10:15:16Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the\u00a0sendMailFromRemoteSource\u00a0method in Emails.php\u00a0 as used in Bitdefender GravityZone Console unsafely uses php unserialize()\u00a0on user-supplied input without validation. By crafting a malicious serialized payload, an attacker can trigger PHP object injection, perform a file write, and gain arbitrary command execution on the host system.",
"id": "GHSA-rrv5-7vmv-whmj",
"modified": "2025-07-30T21:31:34Z",
"published": "2025-04-04T12:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-2244"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://bitdefender.com/support/security-advisories/insecure-php-deserialization-issue-in-gravityzone-console-va-12634"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-RRXM-2PVV-M66X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-30 15:18 – Updated: 2025-12-30 15:18Summary
Picklescan uses the numpy.f2py.crackfortran.getlincoef function (a NumPy F2PY helper) to execute arbitrary Python code during unpickling.
Details
Picklescan fails to detect a malicious pickle that uses the gadget numpy.f2py.crackfortran.getlincoef in __reduce__, allowing arbitrary command execution when the pickle is loaded. A crafted object returns this function plus attacker‑controlled arguments; the scan reports the file as safe, but pickle.load() triggers execution.
PoC
class PoC:
def __reduce__(self):
from numpy.f2py.crackfortran import getlincoef
return getlincoef, ("__import__('os').system('whoami')", None)
Impact
- Arbitrary code execution on the victim machine once they load the “scanned as safe” pickle / model file.
- Affects any workflow relying on Picklescan to vet untrusted pickle / PyTorch artifacts.
- Enables supply‑chain poisoning of shared model files.
Credits
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "picklescan"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.33"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502",
"CWE-94"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-30T15:18:16Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nPicklescan uses the `numpy.f2py.crackfortran.getlincoef` function (a NumPy F2PY helper) to execute arbitrary Python code during unpickling.\n\n### Details\n\nPicklescan fails to detect a malicious pickle that uses the gadget `numpy.f2py.crackfortran.getlincoef` in `__reduce__`, allowing arbitrary command execution when the pickle is loaded. A crafted object returns this function plus attacker\u2011controlled arguments; the scan reports the file as safe, but pickle.load() triggers execution.\n\n### PoC\n```python\nclass PoC:\n def __reduce__(self):\n from numpy.f2py.crackfortran import getlincoef\n return getlincoef, (\"__import__(\u0027os\u0027).system(\u0027whoami\u0027)\", None)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\n- Arbitrary code execution on the victim machine once they load the \u201cscanned as safe\u201d pickle / model file.\n- Affects any workflow relying on Picklescan to vet untrusted pickle / PyTorch artifacts.\n- Enables supply\u2011chain poisoning of shared model files.\n\n### Credits\n- [ac0d3r](https://github.com/ac0d3r)\n- [Tong Liu](https://lyutoon.github.io), Institute of information engineering, CAS",
"id": "GHSA-rrxm-2pvv-m66x",
"modified": "2025-12-30T15:18:16Z",
"published": "2025-12-30T15:18:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/security/advisories/GHSA-rrxm-2pvv-m66x"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/pull/53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/commit/70c1c6c31beb6baaf52c8db1b6c3c0e84a6f9dab"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mmaitre314/picklescan/releases/tag/v0.0.33"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Picklescan is vulnerable to RCE via missing detection when calling numpy.f2py.crackfortran.getlincoef"
}
GHSA-RV74-M283-5J95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-05 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-13 13:33An issue was identified that allowed the unsafe deserialization of java objects from hadoop or spark configuration properties that could have been modified by authenticated users. Elastic would like to thank Yakov Shafranovich, with Amazon Web Services for reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch-hadoop"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.17.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.elasticsearch:elasticsearch-hadoop"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.9.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-46674"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-12-13T13:33:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-05T18:15:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was identified that allowed the unsafe deserialization of java objects from hadoop or spark configuration properties that could have been modified by authenticated users. Elastic would like to thank Yakov Shafranovich, with Amazon Web Services for reporting this issue.\n",
"id": "GHSA-rv74-m283-5j95",
"modified": "2023-12-13T13:33:04Z",
"published": "2023-12-05T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-46674"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/elasticsearch-hadoop-7-17-11-8-9-0-security-update-esa-2023-28/348663"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch-hadoop"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Elasticsearch-hadoop Unsafe Deserialization"
}
GHSA-RVJQ-CGM3-HVQ9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-13 18:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 21:32The Logo Showcase Ultimate – Logo Carousel, Logo Slider & Logo Grid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.8 via deserialization via shortcode of untrusted input. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor access and above, to inject a PHP Object. No POP chain is present in the vulnerable plugin. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-1951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-13T16:15:28Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Logo Showcase Ultimate \u2013 Logo Carousel, Logo Slider \u0026 Logo Grid plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all versions up to, and including, 1.3.8 via deserialization via shortcode of untrusted input. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with contributor access and above, to inject a PHP Object. No POP chain is present in the vulnerable plugin. If a POP chain is present via an additional plugin or theme installed on the target system, it could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary files, retrieve sensitive data, or execute code.",
"id": "GHSA-rvjq-cgm3-hvq9",
"modified": "2026-04-08T21:32:22Z",
"published": "2024-03-13T18:31:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-1951"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/logo-showcase-ultimate/tags/1.3.8/classes/lcg-adl-metabox.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/logo-showcase-ultimate/tags/1.3.8/classes/lcg-shortcode.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=/logo-showcase-ultimate/tags/1.3.8\u0026old=3045923\u0026new_path=/logo-showcase-ultimate/tags/1.3.9\u0026new=3045923\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/a63b2091-1502-4d9f-98c4-ce9d2f923dc4?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.
Mitigation
When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.
Mitigation
Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.
Mitigation
- Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
- An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.
Mitigation
Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-586: Object Injection
An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.