CWE-502
AllowedDeserialization of Untrusted Data
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently ensuring that the resulting data will be valid.
4837 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-29PF-2H5F-8G72
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-26 13:30 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:00A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in all versions of the HuggingFace transformers library prior to version 5.3.0. The vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious config.json file containing the _attn_implementation_internal field set to an attacker-controlled HuggingFace Hub repository ID. When a victim loads this model using the standard AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained() API, the library downloads and executes arbitrary Python code from the attacker's repository with the victim's full OS privileges. This issue arises due to unfiltered deserialization of configuration attributes, insufficient sanitization of internal fields, and unsandboxed execution of downloaded kernels. The vulnerability bypasses the trust_remote_code security mechanism, is invisible to the victim, and exploits the standard documented usage pattern, making it particularly severe. Users are advised to upgrade to version 5.3.0 or later to mitigate this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "transformers"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.3.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4372"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1066",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T18:00:10Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-24T14:16:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A critical remote code execution vulnerability exists in all versions of the HuggingFace transformers library prior to version 5.3.0. The vulnerability allows an attacker to craft a malicious `config.json` file containing the `_attn_implementation_internal` field set to an attacker-controlled HuggingFace Hub repository ID. When a victim loads this model using the standard `AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained()` API, the library downloads and executes arbitrary Python code from the attacker\u0027s repository with the victim\u0027s full OS privileges. This issue arises due to unfiltered deserialization of configuration attributes, insufficient sanitization of internal fields, and unsandboxed execution of downloaded kernels. The vulnerability bypasses the `trust_remote_code` security mechanism, is invisible to the victim, and exploits the standard documented usage pattern, making it particularly severe. Users are advised to upgrade to version 5.3.0 or later to mitigate this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-29pf-2h5f-8g72",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:00:10Z",
"published": "2026-05-26T13:30:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4372"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/commit/a7f8e7ff37d87d1a1a0c8cf607971c607741452f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/huggingface/transformers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.com/bounties/1f693a6e-6836-4b8b-a0bd-ca036fba8884"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "HuggingFace transformers vulnerable to remote code execution"
}
GHSA-29RV-FQX2-4C9F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-18 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-07 23:58This affects all versions of package SinGooCMS.Utility. The socket client in the package can pass in the payload via the user-controllable input after it has been established, because this socket client transmission does not have the appropriate restrictions or type bindings for the BinaryFormatter.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "NuGet",
"name": "SinGooCMS.Utility"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "1.6.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-0749"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-09-07T23:58:29Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-17T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "This affects all versions of package SinGooCMS.Utility. The socket client in the package can pass in the payload via the user-controllable input after it has been established, because this socket client transmission does not have the appropriate restrictions or type bindings for the BinaryFormatter.",
"id": "GHSA-29rv-fqx2-4c9f",
"modified": "2022-09-07T23:58:29Z",
"published": "2022-03-18T00:01:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-0749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SinGooCMS/SinGooCMSUtility/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SinGooCMS/SinGooCMSUtility/blob/master/SinGooCMS.Utility/Net/SocketClient.cs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-DOTNET-SINGOOCMSUTILITY-2312979"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data in SinGooCMS.Utility"
}
GHSA-29V6-6HR2-37CW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-19 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-24 21:31Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in YITHEMES YITH WooCommerce Compare yith-woocommerce-compare allows Object Injection.This issue affects YITH WooCommerce Compare: from n/a through <= 3.6.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22333"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-19T09:16:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in YITHEMES YITH WooCommerce Compare yith-woocommerce-compare allows Object Injection.This issue affects YITH WooCommerce Compare: from n/a through \u003c= 3.6.0.",
"id": "GHSA-29v6-6hr2-37cw",
"modified": "2026-02-24T21:31:31Z",
"published": "2026-02-19T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22333"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/yith-woocommerce-compare/vulnerability/wordpress-yith-woocommerce-compare-plugin-3-6-0-deserialization-of-untrusted-data-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29VF-J74G-GMFC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32In WS_FTP Server version 8.7.0 prior to 8.7.4 and
version 8.8.0 prior to 8.8.2, a pre-authenticated attacker could leverage a .NET deserialization vulnerability in the Ad Hoc Transfer module to execute remote commands on the underlying WS_FTP Server operating system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:18:57Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In WS_FTP Server\u00a0version 8.7.0 prior to 8.7.4 and\n\n version 8.8.0 prior to 8.8.2, a pre-authenticated attacker could leverage a .NET deserialization vulnerability in the Ad Hoc Transfer module to execute remote commands on the underlying WS_FTP Server operating system.\u00a0\u00a0",
"id": "GHSA-29vf-j74g-gmfc",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:51Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://attackerkb.com/topics/bn32f9sNax/cve-2023-40044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://censys.com/cve-2023-40044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.progress.com/s/article/WS-FTP-Server-Critical-Vulnerability-September-2023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.assetnote.io/resources/research/rce-in-progress-ws-ftp-ad-hoc-via-iis-http-modules-cve-2023-40044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-40044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.progress.com/ws_ftp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2023/09/29/etr-critical-vulnerabilities-in-ws_ftp-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.theregister.com/2023/10/02/ws_ftp_update"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174917/Progress-Software-WS_FTP-Unauthenticated-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29VJ-83G2-RVXP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-25 21:32 – Updated: 2025-11-26 15:34An issue was discovered in jishenghua JSH_ERP 2.3.1. The /material/getMaterialEnableSerialNumberList endpoint passes the search query parameter directly to parseObject(), introducing a Fastjson deserialization vulnerability that can lead to RCE via JDBC payloads.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-51742"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-25T20:15:59Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in jishenghua JSH_ERP 2.3.1. The /material/getMaterialEnableSerialNumberList endpoint passes the search query parameter directly to parseObject(), introducing a Fastjson deserialization vulnerability that can lead to RCE via JDBC payloads.",
"id": "GHSA-29vj-83g2-rvxp",
"modified": "2025-11-26T15:34:11Z",
"published": "2025-11-25T21:32:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-51742"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.hackpax.top/jsh-erp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Paxsizy/a40334ffa7f05c42bf0348833f830108"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/jishenghua"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/jishenghua/JSH_ERP"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-29X2-9V4J-Q39R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-18 15:32 – Updated: 2026-06-18 15:32A remote, unauthenticated attacker may exploit a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability in ibaPDA or ibaDatCoordinator to gain full access to the affected systems.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-8024"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-18T14:17:35Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A remote, unauthenticated attacker may exploit a deserialization of untrusted data vulnerability in ibaPDA or ibaDatCoordinator to gain full access to the affected systems.",
"id": "GHSA-29x2-9v4j-q39r",
"modified": "2026-06-18T15:32:03Z",
"published": "2026-06-18T15:32:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-8024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2026-051"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://iba.csaf-tp.certvde.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2026/vde-2026-051.json"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-29XG-2J5G-MJ8G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-20 18:31 – Updated: 2026-02-25 00:31Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in modeltheme ModelTheme Addons for WPBakery and Elementor modeltheme-addons-for-wpbakery allows Object Injection.This issue affects ModelTheme Addons for WPBakery and Elementor: from n/a through < 1.5.6.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-68531"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-20T16:22:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability in modeltheme ModelTheme Addons for WPBakery and Elementor modeltheme-addons-for-wpbakery allows Object Injection.This issue affects ModelTheme Addons for WPBakery and Elementor: from n/a through \u003c 1.5.6.",
"id": "GHSA-29xg-2j5g-mj8g",
"modified": "2026-02-25T00:31:21Z",
"published": "2026-02-20T18:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/modeltheme-addons-for-wpbakery/vulnerability/wordpress-modeltheme-addons-for-wpbakery-and-elementor-plugin-1-5-6-php-object-injection-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2C59-37C4-QRX5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-01 09:30 – Updated: 2025-05-07 17:39Schema parsing in the parquet-avro module of Apache Parquet 1.15.0 and previous versions allows bad actors to execute arbitrary code
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 1.15.1, which fixes the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.parquet:parquet-avro"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.15.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30065"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-01T18:04:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-01T08:15:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Schema parsing in the parquet-avro module of Apache Parquet 1.15.0 and previous versions allows bad actors to execute arbitrary code\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 1.15.1, which fixes the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-2c59-37c4-qrx5",
"modified": "2025-05-07T17:39:39Z",
"published": "2025-04-01T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30065"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/issues/3168"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/parquet-java/pull/3169"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-30065"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/parquet-java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h3st4k3r/CVE-2025-30065/blob/main/POC-CVE-2025-30065-ParquetExploitGenerator.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mouadk/parquet-rce-poc-CVE-2025-30065/blob/main/src/main/java/com/evil/GenerateMaliciousParquetSSRF.java"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/AVRO-3985"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/okzqb3kn479gqzxm21gg5vqr35om9gw5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=43603091"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/max-severity-rce-flaw-discovered-in-widely-used-apache-parquet"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/01/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Apache Parquet Avro Module Vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution"
}
GHSA-2CCW-7GJG-M467
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:17 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:31A vulnerability in Java deserialization used by Cisco Secure Access Control System (ACS) prior to release 5.8 patch 9 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insecure deserialization of user-supplied content by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted serialized Java object. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with root privileges. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvh25988.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-0147"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-03-08T07:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Java deserialization used by Cisco Secure Access Control System (ACS) prior to release 5.8 patch 9 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to execute arbitrary commands on an affected device. The vulnerability is due to insecure deserialization of user-supplied content by the affected software. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted serialized Java object. An exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the device with root privileges. Cisco Bug IDs: CSCvh25988.",
"id": "GHSA-2ccw-7gjg-m467",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:31:30Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:17:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-0147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20180307-acs2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2018-0147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/103328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1040463"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2CF4-9Q4P-F6WJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-02 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:29IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 7.1.5.18 and 8.0.8.0 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by an unsafe deserialization flaw. By sending specially-crafted data, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 236069.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-40609"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-502"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-02T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "IBM SDK, Java Technology Edition 7.1.5.18 and 8.0.8.0 could allow a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the system, caused by an unsafe deserialization flaw. By sending specially-crafted data, an attacker could exploit this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code on the system. IBM X-Force ID: 236069.",
"id": "GHSA-2cf4-9q4p-f6wj",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:29:45Z",
"published": "2023-08-02T15:30:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40609"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/236069"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7017032"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
If available, use the signing/sealing features of the programming language to assure that deserialized data has not been tainted. For example, a hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) could be used to ensure that data has not been modified.
Mitigation
When deserializing data, populate a new object rather than just deserializing. The result is that the data flows through safe input validation and that the functions are safe.
Mitigation
Explicitly define a final object() to prevent deserialization.
Mitigation
- Make fields transient to protect them from deserialization.
- An attempt to serialize and then deserialize a class containing transient fields will result in NULLs where the transient data should be. This is an excellent way to prevent time, environment-based, or sensitive variables from being carried over and used improperly.
Mitigation
Avoid having unnecessary types or gadgets (a sequence of instances and method invocations that can self-execute during the deserialization process, often found in libraries) available that can be leveraged for malicious ends. This limits the potential for unintended or unauthorized types and gadgets to be leveraged by the attacker. Add only acceptable classes to an allowlist. Note: new gadgets are constantly being discovered, so this alone is not a sufficient mitigation.
Mitigation
Employ cryptography of the data or code for protection. However, it's important to note that it would still be client-side security. This is risky because if the client is compromised then the security implemented on the client (the cryptography) can be bypassed.
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
CAPEC-586: Object Injection
An adversary attempts to exploit an application by injecting additional, malicious content during its processing of serialized objects. Developers leverage serialization in order to convert data or state into a static, binary format for saving to disk or transferring over a network. These objects are then deserialized when needed to recover the data/state. By injecting a malformed object into a vulnerable application, an adversary can potentially compromise the application by manipulating the deserialization process. This can result in a number of unwanted outcomes, including remote code execution.