Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-444
AllowedInconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product acts as an intermediary HTTP agent (such as a proxy or firewall) in the data flow between two entities such as a client and server, but it does not interpret malformed HTTP requests or responses in ways that are consistent with how the messages will be processed by those entities that are at the ultimate destination.
626 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2026-58055 (GCVE-0-2026-58055)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-28 01:32 – Updated: 2026-06-29 13:51
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
nghttp2 nghttpx - HTTP Request/Response Smuggling via Upgrade Request with Content-Length
Summary
nghttp2's nghttpx proxy through 1.69.0 forwards an HTTP/1.1 Upgrade request that also carries a Content-Length header and body onto reusable keep-alive backend connections, re-adding the Upgrade and Connection headers while passing Content-Length verbatim. A backend that resolves the resulting ambiguous message in the attacker's favor enables HTTP request/response smuggling and cross-client response-queue poisoning.
Severity
5.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-29 13:51 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/bikini/exploitarium/tree/main/… | exploitthird-party-advisory |
| https://github.com/nghttp2/nghttp2/commit/ab28105… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/nghttp2-nght… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-06-26 00:00
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CVE-2026-58047 (GCVE-0-2026-58047)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-31 16:35 – Updated: 2026-08-07 18:00
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
HTTP Smuggling in cPanel allows potential leak of credentials.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-31 17:17 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - HTTP Request Smuggling
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WebPros | cPanel |
Affected:
0 , < 11.110.0.137
(semver)
Affected: 0 , < 11.126.0.78 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 11.134.0.48 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 11.136.0.32 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 11.137.9999.99 (semver) Affected: 0 , < 11.118.0.71 (semver) |
|
| WebPros | WP Squared |
Affected:
0 , < 11.138.1.6
(semver)
|
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CVE-2026-58044 (GCVE-0-2026-58044)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-04 00:49 – Updated: 2026-08-04 15:03
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A flaw in Node.js HTTP client can cause a request desynchronization for Node.js-based forwarding proxies that rebuild outbound headers from the visible `IncomingMessage` headers while piping the original body to a reused backend connection.
Node.js can omit headers beyond `maxHeadersCount` / `maxHeaderPairs` from `req.headers`, `req.rawHeaders`, and `req.headersDistinct`, while still using those omitted headers internally for HTTP message framing. In particular, `Content-Length` can be hidden from userland while the request body is still delivered.
This vulnerability affects all supported release lines: **Node.js 22**, **Node.js 24**, and **Node.js 26**.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-04 14:19 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - HTTP Request Smuggling
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
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CVE-2026-57834 (GCVE-0-2026-57834)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-29 07:25 – Updated: 2026-07-30 03:55
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Apache Traffic Server: Malformed chunked message body allows request smuggling
Summary
Apache Traffic Server allows request smuggling if chunked messages are malformed.
This issue affects Apache Traffic Server: from 8.0.0 through 8.1.9, from 9.0.0 through 9.2.14, from 10.0.0 through 10.1.3.
Users are recommended to upgrade to version 9.2.15 or 10.1.4, which fix the issue.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-29 00:00 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://lists.apache.org/thread/5prl9glcm9g2swnq9… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Apache Software Foundation | Apache Traffic Server |
Affected:
8.0.0 , ≤ 8.1.9
(semver)
Affected: 9.0.0 , ≤ 9.2.14 (semver) Affected: 10.0.0 , ≤ 10.1.3 (semver) |
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CVE-2026-55087 (GCVE-0-2026-55087)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-19 19:29 – Updated: 2026-08-21 21:48
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Etherpad: x-proxy-path header reflected into admin HTML/JS/CSS (cache-poisoning XSS) and concatenated into redirect (open-redirect)
Summary
Etherpad is a real-time collaborative editor. From 2.1.0 until 3.1.0, Etherpad uses the attacker-controlled x-proxy-path request header in src/node/hooks/express/admin.ts when substituting paths into HTML, JavaScript, and CSS under /admin without sanitization, Vary: x-proxy-path, or Cache-Control: private, no-store. A shared proxy or CDN can cache the resulting response and serve attacker-injected script to an administrator. In src/node/hooks/express/specialpages.ts, version 3.0.0 also accepts a protocol-relative x-proxy-path value when constructing the /p/:pad/timeslider redirect, allowing redirection to an attacker-controlled host. The issues are exploitable when the deployment permits client-supplied x-proxy-path headers to reach Etherpad. This issue is fixed in version 3.1.0.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-08-21 20:58 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ether/etherpad/security/adviso… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ether/etherpad/pull/7784 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ether/etherpad/commit/8c6104c5… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/ether/etherpad/tree/3.1.0 | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2026-54388 (GCVE-0-2026-54388)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:59 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tinyproxy - HTTP Request Smuggling via Duplicate Content-Length Headers
Summary
Tinyproxy through 1.11.3, fixed in commit 364cdb6, fails to reject requests containing multiple Content-Length headers with differing values, forwarding all duplicate headers to the backend while using the first value to determine how many request body bytes to consume. Remote attackers can desynchronize the proxy and backend parser state, allowing injection of arbitrary HTTP requests to the backend to enable cache poisoning, access control bypass, and request hijacking.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-18 15:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/issues/609 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/pull/610 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/commit/364… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tinyproxy-ht… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-54387 (GCVE-0-2026-54387)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-17 19:48 – Updated: 2026-07-14 21:33 X_Open Source
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Tinyproxy - HTTP Request Smuggling via CL/TE Desynchronization
Summary
Tinyproxy through 1.11.3, fixed in commit ff45d3b, fails to reconcile conflicting Content-Length and Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers, forwarding both verbatim to the backend while using Content-Length to determine how many request body bytes to consume. Remote attackers can desynchronize the proxy and backend parser state, allowing injection of arbitrary HTTP requests to the backend to enable cache poisoning, access control bypass, and request hijacking.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-18 13:10 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/issues/609 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/pull/610 | issue-tracking |
| https://github.com/tinyproxy/tinyproxy/commit/ff4… | patch |
| https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/tinyproxy-ht… | third-party-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2026-05-07 00:00
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CVE-2026-53538 (GCVE-0-2026-53538)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-22 16:56 – Updated: 2026-06-23 16:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Python-Multipart: Semicolon treated as querystring field separator enables parameter smuggling
Summary
Python-Multipart is a streaming multipart parser for Python. Prior to 0.0.30, QuerystringParser treated ; as a field separator in application/x-www-form-urlencoded bodies, in addition to &. The WHATWG URL standard, modern browsers, and Python's urllib.parse (since the CVE-2021-23336 fix) treat only & as a separator. This creates a parser differential: the same bytes are tokenized into different fields than a WHATWG compliant intermediary would produce, allowing an attacker to smuggle extra form fields past an upstream body inspecting component. This vulnerability is fixed in 0.0.30.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-23 14:49 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kludex | python-multipart |
Affected:
< 0.0.30
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CVE-2026-52845 (GCVE-0-2026-52845)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-23 17:52 – Updated: 2026-07-15 00:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Caddy: FastCGI header normalization bypass in `forward_auth copy_headers`
Summary
Caddy is an extensible server platform that uses TLS by default. Prior to 2.11.4, forward_auth copy_headers deletes the exact client-supplied identity header before copying the trusted value from the auth gateway. But when the request later goes through php_fastcgi, Caddy normalizes HTTP headers into CGI variables by replacing - with _. This lets a client send an underscore alias that survives the forward_auth delete step but becomes the same PHP/FastCGI variable. Result: a remote client can inject or sometimes override identity/group headers trusted by PHP/FastCGI applications behind Caddy. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.11.4.
Severity
8.1 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-06-24 14:25 UTC
CWE
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/adv… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-52845 | vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2491907 | issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT |
| https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/v… | x_sadp-csaf-vex |
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| caddyserver | caddy |
Affected:
< 2.11.4
|
|
| Red Hat | Red Hat Hardened Images |
cpe:/a:redhat:hummingbird:1
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CVE-2026-50197 (GCVE-0-2026-50197)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-17 19:23 – Updated: 2026-07-20 14:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Skipper: opaAuthorizeRequestWithBody filter bypasses OPA policy on Transfer-Encoding: chunked / HTTP/2 requests
Summary
Skipper is an HTTP router and reverse proxy for service composition. Prior to 0.26.10, zalando/skipper's OpenPolicyAgent integration silently bypasses request-body inspection on HTTP/1.1 Transfer-Encoding: chunked and HTTP/2 requests that omit the content-length pseudo-header, because the opaAuthorizeRequestWithBody filter and OpenPolicyAgentInstance.ExtractHttpBodyOptionally in filters/openpolicyagent/openpolicyagent.go produce an empty raw_body and input.parsed_body while the upstream service receives the full attacker-controlled body. This issue is fixed in version 0.26.10.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)
Decision recorded 2026-07-20 14:33 UTC
CWE
- CWE-444 - Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests ('HTTP Request/Response Smuggling')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/zalando/skipper/security/advis… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/zalando/skipper/pull/4041 | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zalando/skipper/commit/3152f3b… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/zalando/skipper/releases/tag/v… | x_refsource_MISC |
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Mitigation
Implementation
Use a web server that employs a strict HTTP parsing procedure, such as Apache [REF-433].
Mitigation
Implementation
Use only SSL communication.
Mitigation
Implementation
Terminate the client session after each request.
Mitigation
System Configuration
Turn all pages to non-cacheable.
CAPEC-273: HTTP Response Smuggling
An adversary manipulates and injects malicious content in the form of secret unauthorized HTTP responses, into a single HTTP response from a vulnerable or compromised back-end HTTP agent (e.g., server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.
CAPEC-33: HTTP Request Smuggling
An adversary abuses the flexibility and discrepancies in the parsing and interpretation of HTTP Request messages using various HTTP headers, request-line and body parameters as well as message sizes (denoted by the end of message signaled by a given HTTP header) by different intermediary HTTP agents (e.g., load balancer, reverse proxy, web caching proxies, application firewalls, etc.) to secretly send unauthorized and malicious HTTP requests to a back-end HTTP agent (e.g., web server).
See CanPrecede relationships for possible consequences.