Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-434

Allowed

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.

6006 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-GCF9-Q9XJ-JJX5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-05 18:30 – Updated: 2026-02-06 18:30
VLAI
Details

Monstra CMS v3.0.4 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Files Manager plugin. The application relies on blacklist-based file extension validation and stores uploaded files directly in a web-accessible directory. Under typical server configurations, this can allow an attacker to upload files that are interpreted as executable code, resulting in remote code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-69906"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-02-05T17:16:12Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Monstra CMS v3.0.4 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the Files Manager plugin. The application relies on blacklist-based file extension validation and stores uploaded files directly in a web-accessible directory. Under typical server configurations, this can allow an attacker to upload files that are interpreted as executable code, resulting in remote code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-gcf9-q9xj-jjx5",
  "modified": "2026-02-06T18:30:31Z",
  "published": "2026-02-05T18:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69906"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cypherdavy/CVE-2025-69906-Monstra-CMS-3.0.4-Arbitrary-File-Upload-to-RCE"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/monstra-cms/monstra/tree/master/plugins/box/filesmanager"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GCGJ-QH8P-57HM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-09 00:31 – Updated: 2024-02-16 23:20
VLAI
Summary
October CMS Cross-site Scripting vulnerability
Details

Cross Site Scripting vulnerability found in October CMS v.3.2.0 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the file type .mp3

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "october/october"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "last_affected": "3.2.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-25365"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434",
      "CWE-79"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-02-16T23:20:54Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-08T22:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Cross Site Scripting vulnerability found in October CMS v.3.2.0 allows local attacker to execute arbitrary code via the file type .mp3",
  "id": "GHSA-gcgj-qh8p-57hm",
  "modified": "2024-02-16T23:20:54Z",
  "published": "2024-02-09T00:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-25365"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cupc4k3.medium.com/cve-2023-25365-xss-via-file-upload-bypass-ddf4d2a106a7"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/octobercms/october"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "October CMS Cross-site Scripting vulnerability"
}

GHSA-GCH3-G2QP-MCXW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-21 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-06 18:32
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in jerryshensjf JPACookieShop 蛋糕商城JPA版 1.0. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function addGoods of the file GoodsController.java. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7939"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-21T21:15:27Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in jerryshensjf JPACookieShop \u86cb\u7cd5\u5546\u57ceJPA\u7248 1.0. It has been classified as critical. Affected is the function addGoods of the file GoodsController.java. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to launch the attack remotely.",
  "id": "GHSA-gch3-g2qp-mcxw",
  "modified": "2025-11-06T18:32:45Z",
  "published": "2025-07-21T21:31:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7939"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Bemcliu/cve-reports/blob/main/cve-03-%E8%9B%8B%E7%B3%95%E5%95%86%E5%9F%8EJPA%E7%89%88-Arbitrary%20File%20Upload/readme.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.317076"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.317076"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.618986"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GCVC-4V23-J4JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-06 18:32 – Updated: 2026-01-20 15:31
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Helmut Wandl Advanced Settings advanced-settings allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Advanced Settings: from n/a through <= 3.1.1.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-58996"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-11-06T16:16:01Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability in Helmut Wandl Advanced Settings advanced-settings allows Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server.This issue affects Advanced Settings: from n/a through \u003c= 3.1.1.",
  "id": "GHSA-gcvc-4v23-j4jw",
  "modified": "2026-01-20T15:31:49Z",
  "published": "2025-11-06T18:32:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58996"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/advanced-settings/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-settings-plugin-3-1-1-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/advanced-settings/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-settings-plugin-3-1-1-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vdp.patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Plugin/advanced-settings/vulnerability/wordpress-advanced-settings-plugin-3-1-1-arbitrary-file-upload-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GCWP-V2VV-8H27

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-18 03:31 – Updated: 2026-01-18 03:31
VLAI
Details

A weakness has been identified in EyouCMS up to 1.7.1/5.0. Impacted is the function check_userinfo of the file Diyajax.php of the component Member Avatar Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument viewfile can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-1107"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-01-18T01:15:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A weakness has been identified in EyouCMS up to 1.7.1/5.0. Impacted is the function check_userinfo of the file Diyajax.php of the component Member Avatar Handler. Executing a manipulation of the argument viewfile can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-gcwp-v2vv-8h27",
  "modified": "2026-01-18T03:31:18Z",
  "published": "2026-01-18T03:31:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1107"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/24-2021/vul3/blob/main/Eyoucms/Eyoucms%3D1.7.1%20check_userinfo%20api%20viewfile%20exists%2C%20causing%20code%20execution%20due%20to%20file%20inclusion.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/24-2021/vul3/blob/main/Eyoucms/Eyoucms%3D1.7.1%20check_userinfo%20api%20viewfile%20exists%2C%20causing%20code%20execution%20due%20to%20file%20inclusion.md#poc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.341699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.341699"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.731540"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GCXH-H8M8-8WR4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-22 21:30 – Updated: 2022-11-26 06:31
VLAI
Details

Emerson Electric's Proficy Machine Edition Version 9.00 and prior is vulnerable to CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, and will upload any file written into the PLC logic folder to the connected PLC.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-2791"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-11-22T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Emerson Electric\u0027s Proficy Machine Edition Version 9.00 and prior is vulnerable to CWE-434 Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type, and will upload any file written into the PLC logic folder to the connected PLC.",
  "id": "GHSA-gcxh-h8m8-8wr4",
  "modified": "2022-11-26T06:31:18Z",
  "published": "2022-11-22T21:30:17Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-2791"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-228-06"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GF24-HV28-2RM2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-08 00:30 – Updated: 2023-03-14 21:30
VLAI
Details

An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /admin/template.php component of shopEx EcShop v4.1.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-26823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-03-07T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the /admin/template.php component of shopEx EcShop v4.1.5 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted PHP file.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf24-hv28-2rm2",
  "modified": "2023-03-14T21:30:21Z",
  "published": "2023-03-08T00:30:33Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/jingping911/exshopbug/blob/main/README.md"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GF2R-MC8C-M8R8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:33 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:33
VLAI
Details

An unrestricted file upload vulnerability was discovered in the Microweber 1.1.18 admin account page. An attacker can upload PHP code or any extension (eg- .exe) to the web server by providing image data and the image/jpeg content type with a .php extension.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2020-23138"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2020-11-09T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An unrestricted file upload vulnerability was discovered in the Microweber 1.1.18 admin account page. An attacker can upload PHP code or any extension (eg- .exe) to the web server by providing image data and the image/jpeg content type with a .php extension.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf2r-mc8c-m8r8",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T17:33:54Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T17:33:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-23138"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/virendratiwari03/0918aaba97eba31666630996ab3aeec3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/virendratiwari03/800f96271f22c0c2f5aea126c7f1f170"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-GF7Q-R3M3-52HF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:01 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:01
VLAI
Details

Unrestricted Upload of a File with a Dangerous Type in the administrative console in Dialogic PowerMedia XMS through 3.5 allows remote authenticated users to upload malicious code to the web root to gain code execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-11638"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-07-03T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unrestricted Upload of a File with a Dangerous Type in the administrative console in Dialogic PowerMedia XMS through 3.5 allows remote authenticated users to upload malicious code to the web root to gain code execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf7q-r3m3-52hf",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:01:04Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:01:04Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11638"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://d3adend.org/blog/?p=1398"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-GF9H-R59M-M9G4

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 06:30 – Updated: 2024-12-10 09:31
VLAI
Details

SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform allows an authenticated attacker to upload malicious code over the network, that could be executed by the application. On successful exploitation, the attacker can cause a low impact on the Integrity of the application.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-42375"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T04:15:10Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence\n  Platform allows an authenticated attacker to upload malicious code over the\n  network, that could be executed by the application. On successful exploitation,\n  the attacker can cause a low impact on the Integrity of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-gf9h-r59m-m9g4",
  "modified": "2024-12-10T09:31:18Z",
  "published": "2024-08-13T06:30:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-42375"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3433545"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3515653"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-21
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.

Mitigation
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]

Mitigation
Implementation

When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.

Mitigation MIT-15
Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.

Mitigation
Implementation

Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-22
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

  • Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
  • OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
  • This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
  • Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs

In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.