CWE-434
AllowedUnrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product allows the upload or transfer of dangerous file types that are automatically processed within its environment.
6006 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-G96J-73C3-2R7F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-10 00:30 – Updated: 2025-12-10 00:30ColdFusion versions 2025.4, 2023.16, 2021.22 and earlier are affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution by a high priviledged attacker. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is changed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-61808"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-10T00:16:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ColdFusion versions 2025.4, 2023.16, 2021.22 and earlier are affected by an Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type vulnerability that could lead to arbitrary code execution by a high priviledged attacker. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction and scope is changed.",
"id": "GHSA-g96j-73c3-2r7f",
"modified": "2025-12-10T00:30:22Z",
"published": "2025-12-10T00:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-61808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb25-105.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G99J-CQ2Q-3XRV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-30 18:30 – Updated: 2026-04-30 18:30Weaver (Fanwei) E-office versions prior to 10.0_20221201 contain an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the OfficeServer.php endpoint that allows remote attackers to upload malicious files by sending multipart POST requests with arbitrary filenames and disguised content types. Attackers can upload PHP webshells to the Document directory and execute them via HTTP GET requests to achieve remote code execution as the web server user. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2022-10-10 (UTC).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-50993"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-30T17:16:24Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Weaver (Fanwei) E-office versions prior to 10.0_20221201 contain an unauthenticated arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the OfficeServer.php endpoint that allows remote attackers to upload malicious files by sending multipart POST requests with arbitrary filenames and disguised content types. Attackers can upload PHP webshells to the Document directory and execute them via HTTP GET requests to achieve remote code execution as the web server user. Exploitation evidence was first observed by the Shadowserver Foundation on 2022-10-10 (UTC).",
"id": "GHSA-g99j-cq2q-3xrv",
"modified": "2026-04-30T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2026-04-30T18:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-50993"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bbs.chaitin.cn/topic/37"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cn-sec.com/archives/1453025.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://service.e-office.cn/knowledge/detail/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/weaver-e-office-10-0-20221201-unauthenticated-arbitrary-file-read-via-xmlrpcservlet"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9F6-9775-HFFM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-18 20:21 – Updated: 2026-06-09 11:52Summary
The storage service's file upload handler trusts the client-provided Content-Type header without performing server-side MIME type detection. This allows an attacker to upload files with an arbitrary MIME type, bypassing any MIME-type-based restrictions configured on storage buckets.
Affected Component
- Service:
services/storage - File:
services/storage/controller/upload_files.go - Function:
getMultipartFile(lines 48-70)
Root Cause
In getMultipartFile, if the client provides a non-empty Content-Type header that isn't application/octet-stream, the function returns it as-is without performing content-based detection:
contentType := file.header.Header.Get("Content-Type")
if contentType != "" && contentType != "application/octet-stream" {
return fileContent, contentType, nil // skip detection entirely
}
// mimetype.DetectReader only reached if client sends no Content-Type
// or sends application/octet-stream
mt, err := mimetype.DetectReader(fileContent)
Impact
Incorrect MIME type in file metadata. The MIME type stored in file metadata reflects what the client claims rather than what the file actually contains. Any system consuming this metadata (browsers, CDNs, applications) may handle the file incorrectly based on the spoofed type.
Suggested Fix
Always detect MIME type from file content using mimetype.DetectReader, ignoring the client-provided Content-Type header entirely.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/nhost/nhost"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20260318074820-c4bd53f042d7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-343",
"CWE-345",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-18T20:21:37Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-20T23:16:46Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe storage service\u0027s file upload handler trusts the client-provided `Content-Type` header without performing server-side MIME type detection. This allows an attacker to upload files with an arbitrary MIME type, bypassing any MIME-type-based restrictions configured on storage buckets.\n\n## Affected Component\n\n- **Service**: `services/storage`\n- **File**: `services/storage/controller/upload_files.go`\n- **Function**: `getMultipartFile` (lines 48-70)\n\n## Root Cause\n\nIn `getMultipartFile`, if the client provides a non-empty `Content-Type` header that isn\u0027t `application/octet-stream`, the function returns it as-is without performing content-based detection:\n\n```go\ncontentType := file.header.Header.Get(\"Content-Type\")\nif contentType != \"\" \u0026\u0026 contentType != \"application/octet-stream\" {\n return fileContent, contentType, nil // skip detection entirely\n}\n\n// mimetype.DetectReader only reached if client sends no Content-Type\n// or sends application/octet-stream\nmt, err := mimetype.DetectReader(fileContent)\n```\n\n## Impact\n\n**Incorrect MIME type in file metadata.** The MIME type stored in file metadata reflects what the client claims rather than what the file actually contains. Any system consuming this metadata (browsers, CDNs, applications) may handle the file incorrectly based on the spoofed type.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nAlways detect MIME type from file content using `mimetype.DetectReader`, ignoring the client-provided `Content-Type` header entirely.",
"id": "GHSA-g9f6-9775-hffm",
"modified": "2026-06-09T11:52:21Z",
"published": "2026-03-18T20:21:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nhost/nhost/security/advisories/GHSA-g9f6-9775-hffm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nhost/nhost/pull/4018"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nhost/nhost/commit/c4bd53f042d7f568e567e18e2665af81660fce85"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/nhost/nhost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nhost/nhost/releases/tag/storage%400.12.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/nhost/nhost/releases/tag/storage@0.12.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Nhost Storage Affected by MIME Type Spoofing via Trusted Client Content-Type Header in Storage Upload"
}
GHSA-G9FR-V3JX-9JPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-19 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:46HCL Compass is vulnerable to lack of file upload security. An attacker could upload files containing active code that can be executed by the server or by a user's web browser.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37502"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-18T23:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "HCL Compass is vulnerable to lack of file upload security. \u00a0An attacker could upload files containing active code that can be executed by the server or by a user\u0027s web browser.\n",
"id": "GHSA-g9fr-v3jx-9jph",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:46:47Z",
"published": "2023-10-19T00:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37502"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0107510"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9M5-P82F-MQGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-30 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:16The Forminator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to file type validation occurring after a file has been uploaded to the server in the upload_post_image() function in versions up to, and including, 1.24.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4596"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-30T02:15:09Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Forminator plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file uploads due to file type validation occurring after a file has been uploaded to the server in the upload_post_image() function in versions up to, and including, 1.24.6. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible.",
"id": "GHSA-g9m5-p82f-mqgm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:16:06Z",
"published": "2023-08-30T03:30:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4596"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/2954409/forminator/trunk/library/fields/postdata.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/51664"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/9cd87da6-1f4c-4a15-8ebb-6e0f8ef72513?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-G9WX-GPXJ-X55Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-08 00:30A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Prison Management System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Admin/edit-photo.php of the component Avatar Handler. The manipulation of the argument avatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-259630 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T00:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in SourceCodester Prison Management System 1.0. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the file /Admin/edit-photo.php of the component Avatar Handler. The manipulation of the argument avatar leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. VDB-259630 is the identifier assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-g9wx-gpxj-x55q",
"modified": "2024-04-08T00:30:46Z",
"published": "2024-04-08T00:30:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/fubxx/CVE/blob/main/PrisonManagementSystemRCE.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.259630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.259630"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.311919"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC37-9W9H-6M6G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-09 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32The Template Kit – Import plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the template upload functionality in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.14 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-2334"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-09T19:15:32Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Template Kit \u2013 Import plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Stored Cross-Site Scripting via the template upload functionality in all versions up to, and including, 1.0.14 due to insufficient input sanitization and output escaping. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with author access and above, to inject arbitrary web scripts in pages that will execute whenever a user accesses an injected page.",
"id": "GHSA-gc37-9w9h-6m6g",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:55Z",
"published": "2024-04-09T21:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-2334"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/template-kit-import/trunk/vendor/template-kit-import/inc/class-importer.php#L61"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3058805"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6203a15d-f90f-4147-8e43-afc424bbb750?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GC4W-FFJR-829Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-08 06:30 – Updated: 2024-10-08 06:30SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform allows an authenticated user to send a specially crafted request to the Web Intelligence Reporting Server to download any file from the machine hosting the service, causing high impact on confidentiality of the application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-37179"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-08T04:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence Platform allows an authenticated user to send a specially crafted request to the Web Intelligence Reporting Server to download any file from the machine hosting the service, causing high impact on confidentiality of the application.",
"id": "GHSA-gc4w-ffjr-829q",
"modified": "2024-10-08T06:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-10-08T06:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-37179"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://me.sap.com/notes/3478615"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GCC4-7369-8CWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-08 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-08 15:30A vulnerability was found in Wangshen SecGate 3600 up to 20240408. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /?g=net_pro_keyword_import_save. The manipulation of the argument reqfile leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-259701 was assigned to this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-3444"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-08T15:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in Wangshen SecGate 3600 up to 20240408. It has been classified as critical. This affects an unknown part of the file /?g=net_pro_keyword_import_save. The manipulation of the argument reqfile leads to unrestricted upload. It is possible to initiate the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier VDB-259701 was assigned to this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-gcc4-7369-8cwv",
"modified": "2024-04-08T15:30:34Z",
"published": "2024-04-08T15:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-3444"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/h0e4a0r1t/lLGcmVjGkR/blob/main/Wangshen%20SecGata%203600%20Firewall%20net_pro_keyword_import_save%20arbitrary%20file%20upload%20vulnerability.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.259701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.259701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.312293"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GCC7-974F-GVP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-21 00:30 – Updated: 2023-07-21 00:30A vulnerability was found in EasyAdmin8 2.0.2.2. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/index/index.html#/admin/mall.goods/index.html of the component File Upload Module. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-235068. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-3800"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-20T23:15:10Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in EasyAdmin8 2.0.2.2. It has been classified as problematic. Affected is an unknown function of the file /admin/index/index.html#/admin/mall.goods/index.html of the component File Upload Module. The manipulation leads to unrestricted upload. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitability is told to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-235068. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-gcc7-974f-gvp3",
"modified": "2023-07-21T00:30:23Z",
"published": "2023-07-21T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-3800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolf-leo/EasyAdmin8/issues/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.235068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.235068"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Generate a new, unique filename for an uploaded file instead of using the user-supplied filename, so that no external input is used at all.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-21
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
Mitigation
Consider storing the uploaded files outside of the web document root entirely. Then, use other mechanisms to deliver the files dynamically. [REF-423]
Mitigation MIT-5
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- For example, limiting filenames to alphanumeric characters can help to restrict the introduction of unintended file extensions.
Mitigation
Define a very limited set of allowable extensions and only generate filenames that end in these extensions. Consider the possibility of XSS (CWE-79) before allowing .html or .htm file types.
Mitigation
Strategy: Input Validation
Ensure that only one extension is used in the filename. Some web servers, including some versions of Apache, may process files based on inner extensions so that "filename.php.gif" is fed to the PHP interpreter.[REF-422] [REF-423]
Mitigation
When running on a web server that supports case-insensitive filenames, perform case-insensitive evaluations of the extensions that are provided.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on sanity checks of file contents to ensure that the file is of the expected type and size. It may be possible for an attacker to hide code in some file segments that will still be executed by the server. For example, GIF images may contain a free-form comments field.
Mitigation
Do not rely exclusively on the MIME content type or filename attribute when determining how to render a file. Validating the MIME content type and ensuring that it matches the extension is only a partial solution.
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.