CWE-416
AllowedUse After Free
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Stable
The product reuses or references memory after it has been freed. At some point afterward, the memory may be allocated again and saved in another pointer, while the original pointer references a location somewhere within the new allocation. Any operations using the original pointer are no longer valid because the memory "belongs" to the code that operates on the new pointer.
9851 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R49G-24WR-G2H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:53 – Updated: 2022-05-14 00:53Adobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20040 and earlier, 2017.011.30080 and earlier, and 2015.006.30418 and earlier versions have a Use-after-free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-12770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-20T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Acrobat and Reader 2018.011.20040 and earlier, 2017.011.30080 and earlier, and 2015.006.30418 and earlier versions have a Use-after-free vulnerability. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user.",
"id": "GHSA-r49g-24wr-g2h5",
"modified": "2022-05-14T00:53:02Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:53:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-12770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb18-21.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104701"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041250"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4C4-PXX8-R386
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-06 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-13 18:30An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the camera_upload.php component of PMB v7.4.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted image file.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-24734"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-06T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the camera_upload.php component of PMB v7.4.6 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted image file.",
"id": "GHSA-r4c4-pxx8-r386",
"modified": "2023-03-13T18:30:43Z",
"published": "2023-03-06T21:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-24734"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/AetherBlack/CVE/tree/main/PMB"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4G7-RP4J-9CV7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-12 18:33 – Updated: 2025-02-06 21:32A Use-After-Free vulnerability in the Layer 2 Address Learning Daemon (l2ald)
of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause l2ald to crash leading to a Denial-of-Service (DoS).
In an EVPN-VXLAN scenario, when
state updates are received and processed by the affected system, the correct order of some processing steps is not ensured, which can lead to an l2ald crash and restart. Whether the crash occurs depends on system internal timing which is outside the attackers control. This issue affects:
Junos OS:
- All versions before 20.4R3-S8,
- 21.2 versions before 21.2R3-S6,
- 21.3 versions before 21.3R3-S5,
- 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S4,
- 22.1 versions before 22.1R3-S3,
- 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S1,
- 22.3 versions before 22.3R3,,
- 22.4 versions before 22.4R2;
Junos OS Evolved:
- All versions before 20.4R3-S8-EVO,
- 21.2-EVO versions before 21.2R3-S6-EVO,
- 21.3-EVO
versions before 21.3R3-S5-EVO, * 21.4-EVO
versions before 21.4R3-S4-EVO, * 22.1-EVO
versions before 22.1R3-S3-EVO, * 22.2-EVO
versions before 22.2R3-S1-EVO, * 22.3-EVO
versions before 22.3R3-EVO, * 22.4-EVO
versions before 22.4R2-EVO.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30386"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-12T16:15:37Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Use-After-Free vulnerability in the\u00a0Layer 2 Address Learning Daemon (l2ald)\n\n of Juniper Networks Junos OS and Junos OS Evolved allows an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause l2ald to crash leading to a Denial-of-Service (DoS).\n\nIn an EVPN-VXLAN scenario,\u00a0when \n\nstate updates are received and processed by the affected system, the correct order of some processing steps is not ensured, which can lead to an l2ald crash and restart. Whether the crash occurs depends on system internal timing which is outside the attackers control.\nThis issue affects:\n\nJunos OS:\u00a0\n\n\n\n * All versions before 20.4R3-S8,\n * 21.2 versions before 21.2R3-S6,\n * 21.3 versions before 21.3R3-S5,\n * 21.4 versions before 21.4R3-S4,\n * 22.1 versions before 22.1R3-S3,\n * 22.2 versions before 22.2R3-S1,\n * 22.3 versions before 22.3R3,,\n * 22.4 versions before 22.4R2;\n\n\n\n\nJunos OS Evolved:\u00a0\n\n\n\n * All versions before 20.4R3-S8-EVO,\n * 21.2-EVO versions before 21.2R3-S6-EVO,\u00a0\n * 21.3-EVO\n\n versions before 21.3R3-S5-EVO,\n * 21.4-EVO\n\n versions before 21.4R3-S4-EVO,\n * 22.1-EVO\n\n versions before 22.1R3-S3-EVO,\n * 22.2-EVO\n\n versions before 22.2R3-S1-EVO,\n * 22.3-EVO\n\n versions before 22.3R3-EVO,\n * 22.4-EVO\n\n versions before 22.4R2-EVO.",
"id": "GHSA-r4g7-rp4j-9cv7",
"modified": "2025-02-06T21:32:04Z",
"published": "2024-04-12T18:33:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.first.org/cvss/calculator/4.0#CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://supportportal.juniper.net/JSA79184"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4J8-J63P-24J8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-07 21:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:30Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 124.0.6367.155 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-4558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-07T19:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use after free in ANGLE in Google Chrome prior to 124.0.6367.155 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit heap corruption via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-r4j8-j63p-24j8",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:30:56Z",
"published": "2024-05-07T21:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-4558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/05/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_7.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/337766133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/09/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/6G7EYH2JAK5OJPVNC6AXYQ5K7YGYNCDN"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BWFSZNNWSQYDRYKNLBDGEXXKMBXDYQ3F"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FAWEKDQTHPN7NFEMLIWP7YMIZ2DHF36N"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IPETICRXUOGRIM4U3BCRTIKE3IZWCSBT"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LE3ASLH6QF2E5OVJI5VA3JSEPJFFFMNY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214117"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214119"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214121"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Jul/18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4JJ-P49M-XW8F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:30 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:30Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Doc Object Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of Doc objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21085.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38114"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T02:15:55Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Foxit PDF Reader AcroForm Doc Object Use-After-Free Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Foxit PDF Reader. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of Doc objects. The issue results from the lack of validating the existence of an object prior to performing operations on the object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-21085.",
"id": "GHSA-r4jj-p49m-xw8f",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxit.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-992"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4QH-3G9Q-M6HQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 18:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 18:30Xbox Wireless Adapter Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-38078"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T17:15:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Xbox Wireless Adapter Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-r4qh-3g9q-m6hq",
"modified": "2024-07-09T18:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T18:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38078"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-38078"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4RG-39XH-PG83
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:09 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:09Use-after-free vulnerability in the mozilla::DOMSVGLength::GetTearOff function in Mozilla Firefox before 32.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.1, and Thunderbird 31.x before 31.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) via an SVG animation with DOM interaction that triggers incorrect cycle collection.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-1563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2014-09-03T10:55:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Use-after-free vulnerability in the mozilla::DOMSVGLength::GetTearOff function in Mozilla Firefox before 32.0, Firefox ESR 31.x before 31.1, and Thunderbird 31.x before 31.1 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (heap memory corruption) via an SVG animation with DOM interaction that triggers incorrect cycle collection.",
"id": "GHSA-r4rg-39xh-pg83",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:09:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:09:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-1563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1018524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201504-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2014-09/msg00003.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-01/msg00024.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-07/msg00031.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2014-09/msg00011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/60148"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/61114"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mozilla.org/security/announce/2014/mfsa2014-68.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/bulletinapr2016-2952098.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/69523"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1030793"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1030794"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-R4VR-7RVP-XRQJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-14 15:30A maliciously crafted DWG file, when parsed through Autodesk 3ds Max, can force a Use-After-Free vulnerability. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash, read sensitive data, or execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-12T17:15:35Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A maliciously crafted DWG file, when parsed through Autodesk 3ds Max, can force a Use-After-Free vulnerability. A malicious actor can leverage this vulnerability to cause a crash, read sensitive data, or execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process.",
"id": "GHSA-r4vr-7rvp-xrqj",
"modified": "2025-11-14T15:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-11-12T18:31:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.autodesk.com/products/autodesk-access/overview"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.autodesk.com/trust/security-advisories/adsk-sa-2025-0023"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4WW-R2X2-FJ39
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 15:31 – Updated: 2024-07-03 18:42In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
x86/fpu: Keep xfd_state in sync with MSR_IA32_XFD
Commit 672365477ae8 ("x86/fpu: Update XFD state where required") and commit 8bf26758ca96 ("x86/fpu: Add XFD state to fpstate") introduced a per CPU variable xfd_state to keep the MSR_IA32_XFD value cached, in order to avoid unnecessary writes to the MSR.
On CPU hotplug MSR_IA32_XFD is reset to the init_fpstate.xfd, which wipes out any stale state. But the per CPU cached xfd value is not reset, which brings them out of sync.
As a consequence a subsequent xfd_update_state() might fail to update the MSR which in turn can result in XRSTOR raising a #NM in kernel space, which crashes the kernel.
To fix this, introduce xfd_set_state() to write xfd_state together with MSR_IA32_XFD, and use it in all places that set MSR_IA32_XFD.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35801"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T14:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/fpu: Keep xfd_state in sync with MSR_IA32_XFD\n\nCommit 672365477ae8 (\"x86/fpu: Update XFD state where required\") and\ncommit 8bf26758ca96 (\"x86/fpu: Add XFD state to fpstate\") introduced a\nper CPU variable xfd_state to keep the MSR_IA32_XFD value cached, in\norder to avoid unnecessary writes to the MSR.\n\nOn CPU hotplug MSR_IA32_XFD is reset to the init_fpstate.xfd, which\nwipes out any stale state. But the per CPU cached xfd value is not\nreset, which brings them out of sync.\n\nAs a consequence a subsequent xfd_update_state() might fail to update\nthe MSR which in turn can result in XRSTOR raising a #NM in kernel\nspace, which crashes the kernel.\n\nTo fix this, introduce xfd_set_state() to write xfd_state together\nwith MSR_IA32_XFD, and use it in all places that set MSR_IA32_XFD.",
"id": "GHSA-r4ww-r2x2-fj39",
"modified": "2024-07-03T18:42:25Z",
"published": "2024-05-17T15:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35801"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/10e4b5166df9ff7a2d5316138ca668b42d004422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1acbca933313aa866e39996904c9aca4d435c4cd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/21c7c00dae55cb0e3810d5f9506b58f68475d41d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92b0f04e937665bde5768f3fcc622dcce44413d8"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b61e3b7055ac6edee4be071c52f48c26472d2624"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R4X4-PW96-GJ4Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-14 18:32 – Updated: 2025-01-14 18:32BranchCache Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21296"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-14T18:15:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BranchCache Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-r4x4-pw96-gj4q",
"modified": "2025-01-14T18:32:04Z",
"published": "2025-01-14T18:32:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21296"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21296"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Language Selection
Choose a language that provides automatic memory management.
Mitigation
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
When freeing pointers, be sure to set them to NULL once they are freed. However, the utilization of multiple or complex data structures may lower the usefulness of this strategy.
No CAPEC attack patterns related to this CWE.