CWE-400
DiscouragedUncontrolled Resource Consumption
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
5412 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M3XW-HJ39-PX2M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-09 15:31 – Updated: 2024-02-13 00:30Bento4 v1.6.0-640 was discovered to contain an out-of-memory bug via the AP4_UrlAtom::AP4_UrlAtom() function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-25452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-09T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Bento4 v1.6.0-640 was discovered to contain an out-of-memory bug via the AP4_UrlAtom::AP4_UrlAtom() function.",
"id": "GHSA-m3xw-hj39-px2m",
"modified": "2024-02-13T00:30:26Z",
"published": "2024-02-09T15:31:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-25452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/issues/873"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M439-4CF8-QGFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-07 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-28 21:33Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Saturday Drive Ninja Forms Contact Form – The Drag and Drop Form Builder for WordPress leading to DoS.This issue affects Ninja Forms Contact Form – The Drag and Drop Form Builder for WordPress: from n/a through 3.6.25.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-07T12:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled Resource Consumption vulnerability in Saturday Drive Ninja Forms Contact Form \u2013 The Drag and Drop Form Builder for WordPress leading to DoS.This issue affects Ninja Forms Contact Form \u2013 The Drag and Drop Form Builder for WordPress: from n/a through 3.6.25.",
"id": "GHSA-m439-4cf8-qgfv",
"modified": "2026-04-28T21:33:18Z",
"published": "2023-12-07T12:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/ninja-forms/wordpress-ninja-forms-plugin-3-6-25-denial-of-service-attack-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M43H-HFRQ-X8WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-28 00:00 – Updated: 2024-10-28 14:36The Security Team noticed that the termination condition of the for loop in the readExternal method is a controllable variable, which, if tampered with, may lead to CPU exhaustion. As a fix, we added an upper bound and termination condition in the read and write logic. We classify it as a "low-priority but useful improvement". SystemDS is a distributed system and needs to serialize/deserialize data but in many code paths (e.g., on Spark broadcast/shuffle or writing to sequence files) the byte stream is anyway protected by additional CRC fingerprints. In this particular case though, the number of decoders is upper-bounded by twice the number of columns, which means an attacker would need to modify two entries in the byte stream in a consistent manner. By adding these checks robustness was strictly improved with almost zero overhead. These code changes are available in versions higher than 2.2.1.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.systemds:systemds"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "systemds"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26477"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-05T22:06:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-27T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Security Team noticed that the termination condition of the for loop in the readExternal method is a controllable variable, which, if tampered with, may lead to CPU exhaustion. As a fix, we added an upper bound and termination condition in the read and write logic. We classify it as a \"low-priority but useful improvement\". SystemDS is a distributed system and needs to serialize/deserialize data but in many code paths (e.g., on Spark broadcast/shuffle or writing to sequence files) the byte stream is anyway protected by additional CRC fingerprints. In this particular case though, the number of decoders is upper-bounded by twice the number of columns, which means an attacker would need to modify two entries in the byte stream in a consistent manner. By adding these checks robustness was strictly improved with almost zero overhead. These code changes are available in versions higher than 2.2.1.",
"id": "GHSA-m43h-hfrq-x8wx",
"modified": "2024-10-28T14:36:18Z",
"published": "2022-06-28T00:00:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26477"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-m43h-hfrq-x8wx"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/apache/systemds"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/systemds/PYSEC-2022-222.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/r4x2d2r6d4zykdrrx6s2l4qbxgzws0z3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20220812-0003"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "SystemDS CPU exhaustion vulnerability"
}
GHSA-M449-CWJH-6PW7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-24 22:42 – Updated: 2026-01-21 16:37Impact
An attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to a memory usage of up to 1 GB per stream. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter.
This is a follow up to GHSA-jfx9-29x2-rv3j to align the default limit with the one for zlib.
Patches
This has been fixed in pypdf==6.4.0.
Workarounds
If users cannot upgrade yet, use the line below to overwrite the default in their code:
pypdf.filters.LZW_MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH = 75_000_000
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "pypdf"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.4.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-66019"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400",
"CWE-409"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-24T22:42:07Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-26T00:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nAn attacker who uses this vulnerability can craft a PDF which leads to a memory usage of up to 1 GB per stream. This requires parsing the content stream of a page using the LZWDecode filter.\n\nThis is a follow up to [GHSA-jfx9-29x2-rv3j](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-jfx9-29x2-rv3j) to align the default limit with the one for *zlib*.\n\n### Patches\nThis has been fixed in [pypdf==6.4.0](https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.4.0).\n\n### Workarounds\nIf users cannot upgrade yet, use the line below to overwrite the default in their code:\n\n```python\npypdf.filters.LZW_MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH = 75_000_000\n```",
"id": "GHSA-m449-cwjh-6pw7",
"modified": "2026-01-21T16:37:13Z",
"published": "2025-11-24T22:42:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-jfx9-29x2-rv3j"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/security/advisories/GHSA-m449-cwjh-6pw7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-66019"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/commit/96186725e5e6f237129a58a97cd19204a9ce40b2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://aydinnyunus.github.io/2025/12/20/cve-2025-66019-pypdf-lzw-dos"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/py-pdf/pypdf/releases/tag/6.4.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "pypdf\u0027s LZWDecode streams be manipulated to exhaust RAM"
}
GHSA-M46H-3MQP-XH9W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Standards-Based Storage Management Service allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-26680"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Uncontrolled resource consumption in Windows Standards-Based Storage Management Service allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network.",
"id": "GHSA-m46h-3mqp-xh9w",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:48Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-26680"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-26680"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M473-7RJ2-2FCQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:37 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:37An issue was discovered in Bento4 1.5.1-627. AP4_Sample::ReadData in Core/Ap4Sample.cpp allows attackers to trigger an attempted excessive memory allocation, related to AP4_DataBuffer::SetDataSize and AP4_DataBuffer::ReallocateBuffer in Core/Ap4DataBuffer.cpp.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-20186"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-12-17T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in Bento4 1.5.1-627. AP4_Sample::ReadData in Core/Ap4Sample.cpp allows attackers to trigger an attempted excessive memory allocation, related to AP4_DataBuffer::SetDataSize and AP4_DataBuffer::ReallocateBuffer in Core/Ap4DataBuffer.cpp.",
"id": "GHSA-m473-7rj2-2fcq",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:37:57Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:37:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20186"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/axiomatic-systems/Bento4/issues/342"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M489-XR35-FJXR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-09-22 20:35 – Updated: 2021-09-22 20:34Versions of millisecond prior to 0.1.2 are affected by a regular expression denial of service vulnerability when extremely long version strings are parsed.
Proof of concept
var ms = require('millisecond');
var genstr = function (len, chr) {
var result = "";
for (i=0; i<=len; i++) {
result = result + chr;
}
return result;
}
ms(genstr(process.argv[2], "5") + " minutea");
Recommendation
Update to version 0.1.2 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "millisecond"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.1.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-1333",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-09-22T20:34:42Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Versions of `millisecond` prior to 0.1.2 are affected by a regular expression denial of service vulnerability when extremely long version strings are parsed.\n\n\n## Proof of concept\n```\nvar ms = require(\u0027millisecond\u0027);\nvar genstr = function (len, chr) {\n var result = \"\";\n for (i=0; i\u003c=len; i++) {\n result = result + chr;\n }\n\n return result;\n}\n\nms(genstr(process.argv[2], \"5\") + \" minutea\");\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 0.1.2 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-m489-xr35-fjxr",
"modified": "2021-09-22T20:34:42Z",
"published": "2021-09-22T20:35:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/unshiftio/millisecond/pull/4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/59"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Regular Expression Denial of Service in millisecond"
}
GHSA-M48R-FQQR-R9GC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:01 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:01A remote denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the way the Nouveau Display Driver (the default Ubuntu Nvidia display driver) handles GPU shader execution. A specially crafted pixel shader can cause remote denial-of-service issues. An attacker can provide a specially crafted website to trigger this vulnerability. This vulnerability can be triggered remotely after the user visits a malformed website. No further user interaction is required. Vulnerable versions include Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (linux 4.15.0-29-generic x86_64), Nouveau Display Driver NV117 (vermagic: 4.15.0-29-generic SMP mod_unload).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-3979"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-01T21:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A remote denial-of-service vulnerability exists in the way the Nouveau Display Driver (the default Ubuntu Nvidia display driver) handles GPU shader execution. A specially crafted pixel shader can cause remote denial-of-service issues. An attacker can provide a specially crafted website to trigger this vulnerability. This vulnerability can be triggered remotely after the user visits a malformed website. No further user interaction is required. Vulnerable versions include Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (linux 4.15.0-29-generic x86_64), Nouveau Display Driver NV117 (vermagic: 4.15.0-29-generic SMP mod_unload).",
"id": "GHSA-m48r-fqqr-r9gc",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:01:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:01:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-3979"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2018-0647"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M48R-J6V8-PC26
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:19 – Updated: 2022-04-30 18:19The Store Service in Microsoft Exchange 2000 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a mail message with a malformed RFC message attribute, aka "Malformed Mail Attribute can Cause Exchange 2000 to Exhaust CPU Resources."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2002-0368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2002-06-18T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Store Service in Microsoft Exchange 2000 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (CPU consumption) via a mail message with a malformed RFC message attribute, aka \"Malformed Mail Attribute can Cause Exchange 2000 to Exhaust CPU Resources.\"",
"id": "GHSA-m48r-j6v8-pc26",
"modified": "2022-04-30T18:19:06Z",
"published": "2022-04-30T18:19:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-0368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2002/ms02-025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/9195.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/4881"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M4C2-8CGC-49GG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-17 00:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 18:31A logic error was addressed with improved error handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7, iOS 17.7 and iPadOS 17.7, visionOS 2, watchOS 11, macOS Sequoia 15, iOS 18 and iPadOS 18, macOS Sonoma 14.7, tvOS 18. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44183"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-17T00:15:51Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A logic error was addressed with improved error handling. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7, iOS 17.7 and iPadOS 17.7, visionOS 2, watchOS 11, macOS Sequoia 15, iOS 18 and iPadOS 18, macOS Sonoma 14.7, tvOS 18. An app may be able to cause a denial-of-service.",
"id": "GHSA-m4c2-8cgc-49gg",
"modified": "2025-11-04T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2024-09-17T00:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44183"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121234"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121240"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121246"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121247"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Sep/32"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Sep/33"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Sep/36"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Sep/40"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Sep/41"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place. The login application should be protected against DoS attacks as much as possible. Limiting the database access, perhaps by caching result sets, can help minimize the resources expended. To further limit the potential for a DoS attack, consider tracking the rate of requests received from users and blocking requests that exceed a defined rate threshold.
Mitigation
- Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either:
- The first of these solutions is an issue in itself though, since it may allow attackers to prevent the use of the system by a particular valid user. If the attacker impersonates the valid user, they may be able to prevent the user from accessing the server in question.
- The second solution is simply difficult to effectively institute -- and even when properly done, it does not provide a full solution. It simply makes the attack require more resources on the part of the attacker.
- recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or
- uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Mitigation
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
Mitigation
Ensure that all failures in resource allocation place the system into a safe posture.
CAPEC-147: XML Ping of the Death
An attacker initiates a resource depletion attack where a large number of small XML messages are delivered at a sufficiently rapid rate to cause a denial of service or crash of the target. Transactions such as repetitive SOAP transactions can deplete resources faster than a simple flooding attack because of the additional resources used by the SOAP protocol and the resources necessary to process SOAP messages. The transactions used are immaterial as long as they cause resource utilization on the target. In other words, this is a normal flooding attack augmented by using messages that will require extra processing on the target.
CAPEC-227: Sustained Client Engagement
An adversary attempts to deny legitimate users access to a resource by continually engaging a specific resource in an attempt to keep the resource tied up as long as possible. The adversary's primary goal is not to crash or flood the target, which would alert defenders; rather it is to repeatedly perform actions or abuse algorithmic flaws such that a given resource is tied up and not available to a legitimate user. By carefully crafting a requests that keep the resource engaged through what is seemingly benign requests, legitimate users are limited or completely denied access to the resource.
CAPEC-492: Regular Expression Exponential Blowup
An adversary may execute an attack on a program that uses a poor Regular Expression(Regex) implementation by choosing input that results in an extreme situation for the Regex. A typical extreme situation operates at exponential time compared to the input size. This is due to most implementations using a Nondeterministic Finite Automaton(NFA) state machine to be built by the Regex algorithm since NFA allows backtracking and thus more complex regular expressions.