CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1068 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-M26V-HJQ3-X245
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-22 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-06 19:54Duplicate Advisory
This advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-gwm6-q8ch-hcfr. This link is maintained to preserve external references.
Original Description
A Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability exists in the install utility of uutils coreutils when using the -D flag. The command creates parent directories and subsequently performs a second path resolution to create the target file, neither of which is anchored to a directory file descriptor. An attacker with concurrent write access can replace a path component with a symbolic link between these operations, redirecting the privileged write to an arbitrary file system location.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "coreutils"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.7.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-30T17:12:52Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-22T17:16:38Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Duplicate Advisory\nThis advisory has been withdrawn because it is a duplicate of GHSA-gwm6-q8ch-hcfr. This link is maintained to preserve external references.\n\n### Original Description\nA Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) vulnerability exists in the install utility of uutils coreutils when using the -D flag. The command creates parent directories and subsequently performs a second path resolution to create the target file, neither of which is anchored to a directory file descriptor. An attacker with concurrent write access can replace a path component with a symbolic link between these operations, redirecting the privileged write to an arbitrary file system location.",
"id": "GHSA-m26v-hjq3-x245",
"modified": "2026-07-06T19:54:51Z",
"published": "2026-04-22T18:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35356"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/pull/10140"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/commit/0c41299975f3c1e21cf5ca968d42cad55ceb42a1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/uutils/coreutils/releases/tag/0.7.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Duplicate Advisory: uutils coreutils has a Time-of-Check to Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition",
"withdrawn": "2026-07-06T19:54:51Z"
}
GHSA-M2W5-7XHV-W6FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-21 06:31 – Updated: 2026-04-02 15:31A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak’s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.keycloak:keycloak-services"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "26.2.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-1035"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-21T22:29:46Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-21T06:15:46Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in the Keycloak server during refresh token processing, specifically in the TokenManager class responsible for enforcing refresh token reuse policies. When strict refresh token rotation is enabled, the validation and update of refresh token usage are not performed atomically. This allows concurrent refresh requests to bypass single-use enforcement and issue multiple access tokens from the same refresh token. As a result, Keycloak\u2019s refresh token rotation hardening can be undermined.",
"id": "GHSA-m2w5-7xhv-w6fh",
"modified": "2026-04-02T15:31:34Z",
"published": "2026-01-21T06:31:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-1035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak/issues/45647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:6478"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-1035"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430314"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/keycloak/keycloak"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Keycloak does not validate and update refresh token usage atomically"
}
GHSA-M46M-JR5M-G95H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2023-05-19 18:30arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c in the Linux kernel before 5.11.12 has a use-after-free in which an AMD KVM guest can bypass access control on host OS MSRs when there are nested guests, aka CID-a58d9166a756. This occurs because of a TOCTOU race condition associated with a VMCB12 double fetch in nested_svm_vmrun.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-29657"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-416"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-22T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "arch/x86/kvm/svm/nested.c in the Linux kernel before 5.11.12 has a use-after-free in which an AMD KVM guest can bypass access control on host OS MSRs when there are nested guests, aka CID-a58d9166a756. This occurs because of a TOCTOU race condition associated with a VMCB12 double fetch in nested_svm_vmrun.",
"id": "GHSA-m46m-jr5m-g95h",
"modified": "2023-05-19T18:30:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-29657"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=2177"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cdn.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/ChangeLog-5.11.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=a58d9166a756a0f4a6618e4f593232593d6df134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210902-0008"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/163324/KVM-nested_svm_vmrun-Double-Fetch.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M4MQ-5MC2-XRJV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Null pointer dereference in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50673"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:18:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Null pointer dereference in Windows Kernel allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-m4mq-5mc2-xrjv",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50673"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50673"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M4V5-74P5-R79X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:40 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:32An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Framework APIs could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33039926.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-0412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-08T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the Framework APIs could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: 7.0, 7.1.1. Android ID: A-33039926.",
"id": "GHSA-m4v5-74p5-r79x",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:32:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:40:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-0412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-02-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41355"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/96056"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037798"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M59F-94XH-R8F7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-21 09:32 – Updated: 2026-05-21 09:32A time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) condition in the ad_flush function in Netatalk 3.0.0 through 4.4.2 involves root-privileged file operations, which may allow a remote attacker to cause limited data modification under specific race conditions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7837"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-21T09:16:30Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "A time-of-check time-of-use (TOCTOU) condition in the ad_flush function in Netatalk 3.0.0 through 4.4.2 involves root-privileged file operations, which may allow a remote attacker to cause limited data modification under specific race conditions.",
"id": "GHSA-m59f-94xh-r8f7",
"modified": "2026-05-21T09:32:12Z",
"published": "2026-05-21T09:32:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7837"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://netatalk.io/security/CVE-2026-7837"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M639-PXCJ-G467
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-07 00:01 – Updated: 2022-09-14 00:00Dell BIOS contains a race condition vulnerability. A local attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious input via SMI in order to bypass security checks during SMM.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-26859"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-06T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Dell BIOS contains a race condition vulnerability. A local attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malicious input via SMI in order to bypass security checks during SMM.",
"id": "GHSA-m639-pxcj-g467",
"modified": "2022-09-14T00:00:41Z",
"published": "2022-09-07T00:01:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-26859"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/000202194"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M65P-X8WX-282M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:29 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:29A flaw was found in dpdk in versions before 18.11.10 and before 19.11.5. Virtio ring descriptors, and the data they describe are in a region of memory accessible by from both the virtual machine and the host. An attacker in a VM can change the contents of the memory after vhost_crypto has validated it. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-14375"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-09-30T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was found in dpdk in versions before 18.11.10 and before 19.11.5. Virtio ring descriptors, and the data they describe are in a region of memory accessible by from both the virtual machine and the host. An attacker in a VM can change the contents of the memory after vhost_crypto has validated it. The highest threat from this vulnerability is to data confidentiality and integrity as well as system availability.",
"id": "GHSA-m65p-x8wx-282m",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:29:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:29:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-14375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1879468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4550-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/09/28/3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-10/msg00004.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-10/msg00006.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/04/1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/04/2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2021/01/04/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-M676-GR96-HHHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-03 21:30 – Updated: 2024-08-19 15:31There is a race condition in the 'replaced executable' detection that, with the correct local configuration, allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as root.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-3899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-03T19:15:08Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "There is a race condition in the \u0027replaced executable\u0027 detection that, with the correct local configuration, allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code as root.",
"id": "GHSA-m676-gr96-hhhh",
"modified": "2024-08-19T15:31:33Z",
"published": "2024-06-03T21:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-3899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apport/+bug/1948376"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-5427-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2021-3899"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M6Q5-P4CR-H7FH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-11 18:31Microsoft AutoUpdate (MAU) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-24036"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T18:15:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft AutoUpdate (MAU) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-m6q5-p4cr-h7fh",
"modified": "2025-02-11T18:31:41Z",
"published": "2025-02-11T18:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24036"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24036"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.