CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1068 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-CFHG-H373-G4MJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-23 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-23 21:31PEAK-System Driver PCANFD_ADD_FILTERS Time-Of-Check Time-Of-Use Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of PEAK-System Driver. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the handling of the PCANFD_ADD_FILTERS IOCTL. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-24161.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-6217"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-21T01:15:28Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "PEAK-System Driver PCANFD_ADD_FILTERS Time-Of-Check Time-Of-Use Information Disclosure Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows local attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of PEAK-System Driver. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of the PCANFD_ADD_FILTERS IOCTL. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the kernel. Was ZDI-CAN-24161.",
"id": "GHSA-cfhg-h373-g4mj",
"modified": "2025-06-23T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2025-06-23T21:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-408"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CHCM-JQP3-J5W3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-18 21:31 – Updated: 2026-01-15 21:31BullWall Server Intrusion Protection services are initialized after login services. An authenticated attacker with administrative permissions can log in after boot and bypass MFA. SIP service does not retroactively enforce the challenge or disconnect unauthenticated sessions. Versions 4.6.0.0, 4.6.0.6, 4.6.0.7, and 4.6.1.4 were confirmed to be affected; other versions before and after may also be affected.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62004"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-18T21:15:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BullWall Server Intrusion Protection services are initialized after login services. An authenticated attacker with administrative permissions can log in after boot and bypass MFA. SIP service does not retroactively enforce the challenge or disconnect unauthenticated sessions. Versions 4.6.0.0, 4.6.0.6, 4.6.0.7, and 4.6.1.4 were confirmed to be affected; other versions before and after may also be affected.",
"id": "GHSA-chcm-jqp3-j5w3",
"modified": "2026-01-15T21:31:42Z",
"published": "2025-12-18T21:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/cisagov/CSAF/develop/csaf_files/IT/white/2025/VA-25-352-01.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-62004"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-CJF9-9CPV-7XR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:49 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:49This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.1.1-49141. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute high-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the e1000e virtual device. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-12527.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-31422"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-04-29T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "This vulnerability allows local attackers to escalate privileges on affected installations of Parallels Desktop 16.1.1-49141. An attacker must first obtain the ability to execute high-privileged code on the target guest system in order to exploit this vulnerability. The specific flaw exists within the e1000e virtual device. The issue results from the lack of proper locking when performing operations on an object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code in the context of the hypervisor. Was ZDI-CAN-12527.",
"id": "GHSA-cjf9-9cpv-7xr2",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:49:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:49:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31422"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.parallels.com/en/125013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-430"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-CM76-QM8V-3J95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-21 16:53 – Updated: 2025-05-28 19:44Impact
A time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was found in containerd v2.1.0. While unpacking an image during an image pull, specially crafted container images could arbitrarily modify the host file system.
Patches
This bug has been fixed in the following containerd versions:
- 2.1.1
The only affected version of containerd is 2.1.0. Other versions of containerd are not affected.
Users should update to this version to resolve the issue.
Workarounds
Ensure that only trusted images are used and that only trusted users have permissions to import images.
Credits
The containerd project would like to thank Tõnis Tiigi for responsibly disclosing this issue in accordance with the containerd security policy.
References
https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-47290
For more information
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory:
- Open an issue in containerd
- Email us at security@containerd.io
To report a security issue in containerd:
- Report a new vulnerability
- Email us at security@containerd.io
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/containerd/containerd/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-47290"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-05-21T16:53:09Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-20T19:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nA time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU) vulnerability was found in containerd v2.1.0. While unpacking an image during an image pull, specially crafted container images could arbitrarily modify the host file system. \n\n### Patches\nThis bug has been fixed in the following containerd versions:\n\n* 2.1.1\n\nThe only affected version of containerd is 2.1.0. Other versions of containerd are not affected.\n\nUsers should update to this version to resolve the issue.\n\n### Workarounds\nEnsure that only trusted images are used and that only trusted users have permissions to import images.\n\n### Credits\nThe containerd project would like to thank T\u00f5nis Tiigi for responsibly disclosing this issue in accordance with the [containerd security policy](https://github.com/containerd/project/blob/main/SECURITY.md).\n\n### References\nhttps://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2025-47290\n\n### For more information\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n\n* Open an issue in [containerd](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/issues/new/choose)\n* Email us at [security@containerd.io](mailto:security@containerd.io)\n\nTo report a security issue in containerd:\n\n* [Report a new vulnerability](https://github.com/containerd/containerd/security/advisories/new)\n* Email us at [security@containerd.io](mailto:security@containerd.io)",
"id": "GHSA-cm76-qm8v-3j95",
"modified": "2025-05-28T19:44:10Z",
"published": "2025-05-21T16:53:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd/security/advisories/GHSA-cm76-qm8v-3j95"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-47290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd/commit/cada13298fba85493badb6fecb6ccf80e49673cc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/tag/v2.1.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "containerd allows host filesystem access on pull"
}
GHSA-CMRH-WVQ6-WM9R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 16:59 – Updated: 2026-05-13 13:35Summary
Authenticated Server-Side Request Forgery affecting the webhook trigger tools, the n8n API client (N8N_API_URL), and per-request URLs supplied via the x-n8n-url header in multi-tenant HTTP mode.
Impact
A caller with access to the MCP session can drive HTTP requests from the n8n-mcp host to internal services and cloud metadata endpoints that the SSRF gate is meant to block. The response body is returned to the caller, making internal-service enumeration and credential theft immediate without any out-of-band channel.
- Multi-tenant HTTP deployments where tenants share an
AUTH_TOKEN: any tenant with valid credentials can reach the operator's cloud metadata service and exfiltrate temporary IAM / GCP service account / Azure managed-identity credentials. - Single-tenant deployments: indirect prompt injection through tool arguments reaches the same surface; an attacker who can influence the LLM's tool calls can read internal services from the n8n-mcp host.
- Stdio deployments are reachable via the same prompt-injection path.
Patched Versions
Fixed in n8n-mcp@2.50.2.
Note for operators: The same SSRF gate that previously covered webhook URLs now also covers the n8n API client base URL. If N8N_API_URL points at http://localhost:5678 (n8n on the same host) or an RFC1918 address (n8n on the same private network), set WEBHOOK_SECURITY_MODE=moderate (allows localhost, still blocks RFC1918 and cloud metadata) or WEBHOOK_SECURITY_MODE=permissive (allows RFC1918 too — only safe on a trusted private network). Default strict is correct for deployments where n8n is reachable at a public hostname.
Workarounds
For deployments that cannot upgrade immediately:
- Restrict network egress from the n8n-mcp host with a firewall, reverse proxy, or cloud security group. Explicitly deny cloud metadata IPs (
169.254.169.254,169.254.170.2,100.100.100.200,192.0.0.192, and the GCPmetadata.google.internalresolved IP) and any RFC1918 networks the server does not legitimately need to reach. - Run in stdio mode instead of HTTP if the multi-tenant surface is not needed (no shared
AUTH_TOKENto compromise). - Disable workflow management tools via
DISABLED_TOOLS=n8n_trigger_webhook_workflow,n8n_create_workflow,n8n_test_workflowif the deployment does not need them.
Credit
Reported by @fg0x0.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "n8n-mcp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.18.7"
},
{
"fixed": "2.50.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-44694"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T16:59:17Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T20:16:31Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAuthenticated Server-Side Request Forgery affecting the webhook trigger tools, the n8n API client (`N8N_API_URL`), and per-request URLs supplied via the `x-n8n-url` header in multi-tenant HTTP mode.\n\n### Impact\n\nA caller with access to the MCP session can drive HTTP requests from the n8n-mcp host to internal services and cloud metadata endpoints that the SSRF gate is meant to block. The response body is returned to the caller, making internal-service enumeration and credential theft immediate without any out-of-band channel.\n\n- **Multi-tenant HTTP deployments** where tenants share an `AUTH_TOKEN`: any tenant with valid credentials can reach the operator\u0027s cloud metadata service and exfiltrate temporary IAM / GCP service account / Azure managed-identity credentials.\n- **Single-tenant deployments**: indirect prompt injection through tool arguments reaches the same surface; an attacker who can influence the LLM\u0027s tool calls can read internal services from the n8n-mcp host.\n- **Stdio deployments** are reachable via the same prompt-injection path.\n\n### Patched Versions\n\nFixed in `n8n-mcp@2.50.2`.\n\n**Note for operators:** The same SSRF gate that previously covered webhook URLs now also covers the n8n API client base URL. If `N8N_API_URL` points at `http://localhost:5678` (n8n on the same host) or an RFC1918 address (n8n on the same private network), set `WEBHOOK_SECURITY_MODE=moderate` (allows localhost, still blocks RFC1918 and cloud metadata) or `WEBHOOK_SECURITY_MODE=permissive` (allows RFC1918 too \u2014 only safe on a trusted private network). Default `strict` is correct for deployments where n8n is reachable at a public hostname.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nFor deployments that cannot upgrade immediately:\n\n1. **Restrict network egress** from the n8n-mcp host with a firewall, reverse proxy, or cloud security group. Explicitly deny cloud metadata IPs (`169.254.169.254`, `169.254.170.2`, `100.100.100.200`, `192.0.0.192`, and the GCP `metadata.google.internal` resolved IP) and any RFC1918 networks the server does not legitimately need to reach.\n2. **Run in stdio mode** instead of HTTP if the multi-tenant surface is not needed (no shared `AUTH_TOKEN` to compromise).\n3. **Disable workflow management tools** via `DISABLED_TOOLS=n8n_trigger_webhook_workflow,n8n_create_workflow,n8n_test_workflow` if the deployment does not need them.\n\n### Credit\n\nReported by [@fg0x0](https://github.com/fg0x0).",
"id": "GHSA-cmrh-wvq6-wm9r",
"modified": "2026-05-13T13:35:05Z",
"published": "2026-05-08T16:59:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp/security/advisories/GHSA-cmrh-wvq6-wm9r"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44694"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp/commit/bcaba839409d470abeb4a6ad9b361b553a1098eb"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/czlonkowski/n8n-mcp/releases/tag/v2.50.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:H/SI:L/SA:L",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "n8n-mcp webhook and API client paths has an authenticated SSRF"
}
GHSA-CP3Q-Q6MX-W79J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-02 15:30 – Updated: 2024-01-12 09:30External service lookups for a number of protocols were vulnerable to a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) weakness, involving the JDK DNS cache. Attackers that were timing DNS cache expiry correctly were able to inject configuration that would bypass existing network deny-lists. Attackers could exploit this weakness to discover the existence of restricted network infrastructure and service availability. Improvements were made to include deny-lists not only during the check of the provided connection data, but also during use. No publicly available exploits are known.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367",
"CWE-918"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-02T13:15:10Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "External service lookups for a number of protocols were vulnerable to a time-of-check/time-of-use (TOCTOU) weakness, involving the JDK DNS cache. Attackers that were timing DNS cache expiry correctly were able to inject configuration that would bypass existing network deny-lists. Attackers could exploit this weakness to discover the existence of restricted network infrastructure and service availability. Improvements were made to include deny-lists not only during the check of the provided connection data, but also during use. No publicly available exploits are known.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-cp3q-q6mx-w79j",
"modified": "2024-01-12T09:30:27Z",
"published": "2023-08-02T15:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/appsuite/security/advisories/csaf/2023/oxas-adv-2023-0003.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://documentation.open-xchange.com/security/advisories/csaf/oxas-adv-2023-0003.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://software.open-xchange.com/products/appsuite/doc/Release_Notes_for_Patch_Release_6230_7.10.6_2023-05-02.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/173943/OX-App-Suite-SSRF-SQL-Injection-Cross-Site-Scripting.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Aug/8"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CP85-4PFJ-F5QQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:53 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:53An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles calls to Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC), aka "Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2016, Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 Servers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-8584"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T01:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles calls to Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC), aka \"Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability.\" This affects Windows Server 2016, Windows 10, Windows Server 2019, Windows 10 Servers.",
"id": "GHSA-cp85-4pfj-f5qq",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:53:46Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:53:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-8584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2018-8584"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/46104"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105808"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1042119"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CQPW-MC9F-6GF5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:32 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:32A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9990"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-362",
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A race condition was addressed with additional validation. This issue is fixed in macOS Catalina 10.15.6. A malicious application may be able to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges.",
"id": "GHSA-cqpw-mc9f-6gf5",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:32:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9990"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT211289"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRRX-464G-PWJ8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50658"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T18:17:59Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Microsoft Defender allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-crrx-464g-pwj8",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:29Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-50658"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-50658"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-CRV2-V9HJ-XFFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 18:31 – Updated: 2025-08-12 18:31Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows NTFS allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-50158"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T18:15:32Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows NTFS allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally.",
"id": "GHSA-crv2-v9hj-xffj",
"modified": "2025-08-12T18:31:30Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T18:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-50158"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-50158"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.