CWE-367
AllowedTime-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
Abstraction: Base · Status: Incomplete
The product checks the state of a resource before using that resource, but the resource's state can change between the check and the use in a way that invalidates the results of the check.
1069 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-47G8-G4QW-4HP3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-30 21:31 – Updated: 2025-04-30 21:31Tesla Model S Iris Modem Race Condition Firewall Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass the firewall on the Iris modem in affected Tesla Model S vehicles. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.
The specific flaw exists within the firewall service. The issue results from a failure to obtain the xtables lock. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass firewall rules. Was ZDI-CAN-23197.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6029"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-30T20:15:20Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Tesla Model S Iris Modem Race Condition Firewall Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows network-adjacent attackers to bypass the firewall on the Iris modem in affected Tesla Model S vehicles. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n \nThe specific flaw exists within the firewall service. The issue results from a failure to obtain the xtables lock. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to bypass firewall rules. Was ZDI-CAN-23197.",
"id": "GHSA-47g8-g4qw-4hp3",
"modified": "2025-04-30T21:31:49Z",
"published": "2025-04-30T21:31:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-260"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-47JP-46C9-25VF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-10 12:31 – Updated: 2024-10-11 18:16Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-p2, 2.4.6-p7, 2.4.5-p9, 2.4.4-p10 and earlier are affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could lead to a security feature bypass. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to alter a condition between the check and the use of a resource, having a low impact on integrity. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.7-beta1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.7-p3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.6-p1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.6-p8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.5-p1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.5-p10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.4-p11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"versions": [
"2.4.7"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"versions": [
"2.4.6"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"versions": [
"2.4.5"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "magento/community-edition"
},
"versions": [
"2.4.4"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45120"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-10-11T18:16:28Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-10T10:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.7-p2, 2.4.6-p7, 2.4.5-p9, 2.4.4-p10 and earlier are affected by a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability that could lead to a security feature bypass. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to alter a condition between the check and the use of a resource, having a low impact on integrity. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-47jp-46c9-25vf",
"modified": "2024-10-11T18:16:28Z",
"published": "2024-10-10T12:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45120"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/magento/magento2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/magento/apsb24-73.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Magento Open Source Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition vulnerability"
}
GHSA-482Q-8XHF-GXRW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-25 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-23 00:30In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
vsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU
Transport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport from becoming a stale pointer.
This also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport(); add a lockdep assert.
BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000 Oops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN RIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600 Call Trace: vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40 __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100 __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0 do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-38461"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-25T16:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nvsock: Fix transport_* TOCTOU\n\nTransport assignment may race with module unload. Protect new_transport\nfrom becoming a stale pointer.\n\nThis also takes care of an insecure call in vsock_use_local_transport();\nadd a lockdep assert.\n\nBUG: unable to handle page fault for address: fffffbfff8056000\nOops: Oops: 0000 [#1] SMP KASAN\nRIP: 0010:vsock_assign_transport+0x366/0x600\nCall Trace:\n vsock_connect+0x59c/0xc40\n __sys_connect+0xe8/0x100\n __x64_sys_connect+0x6e/0xc0\n do_syscall_64+0x92/0x1c0\n entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53",
"id": "GHSA-482q-8xhf-gxrw",
"modified": "2025-12-23T00:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-07-25T18:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-38461"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/36a439049b34cca0b3661276049b84a1f76cc21a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/687aa0c5581b8d4aa87fd92973e4ee576b550cdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b73bddf54777fb62d4d8c7729d0affe6df04477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8667e8d0eb46bc54fdae30ba2f4786407d3d88eb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9ce53e744f18e73059d3124070e960f3aa9902bf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d24bb6780282b0255b9929abe5e8f98007e2c6e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ae2c712ba39c7007de63cb0c75b51ce1caaf1da5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00007.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/10/msg00008.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-48VR-CW3X-RRHF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-15 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-18 18:30DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the FwBlockServiceSmm software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the FwBlockServiceSmm driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel's iSTARE group. Fixed in kernel 5.2: 05.27.23, 5.3: 05.36.23, 5.4: 05.44.23, 5.5: 05.52.23 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022048
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-33906"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-15T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the FwBlockServiceSmm software SMI handler could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. DMA transactions which are targeted at input buffers used for the software SMI handler used by the FwBlockServiceSmm driver could cause SMRAM corruption through a TOCTOU attack. This issue was discovered by Insyde engineering based on the general description provided by Intel\u0027s iSTARE group. Fixed in kernel 5.2: 05.27.23, 5.3: 05.36.23, 5.4: 05.44.23, 5.5: 05.52.23 https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022048",
"id": "GHSA-48vr-cw3x-rrhf",
"modified": "2022-11-18T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-11-15T12:00:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-33906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/pdf/ssa-450613.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.insyde.com/security-pledge/SA-2022048"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-49H6-4QJ3-4F42
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-16 03:31 – Updated: 2026-04-16 03:31A Download of Code Without Integrity Check vulnerability in the update modules in ASUS Member Center(华硕大厅) allows a local user to achieve privilege escalation to Administrator via exploitation of a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOC-TOU) during the update process, where an unexpected payload is substituted for a legitimate one immediately after download, and subsequently executed with administrative privileges upon user consent. Refer to the 'Security Update for ASUS Member Center' section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3428"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-16T03:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A Download of Code Without Integrity Check vulnerability in the update modules in ASUS Member Center(\u534e\u7855\u5927\u5385) allows a local user to achieve privilege escalation to Administrator via exploitation of a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOC-TOU) during the update process, where an unexpected payload is substituted for a legitimate one immediately after download, and subsequently executed with administrative privileges upon user consent.\nRefer to the \u0027Security Update for ASUS Member Center\u0027 section on the ASUS Security Advisory for more information.",
"id": "GHSA-49h6-4qj3-4f42",
"modified": "2026-04-16T03:31:06Z",
"published": "2026-04-16T03:31:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3428"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asus.com/security-advisory"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-4C3G-MGJR-MCHG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-02 09:30 – Updated: 2026-03-02 15:31In MAE, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10431920; Issue ID: MSV-5835.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20438"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-02T09:16:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In MAE, there is a possible out of bounds write due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege if a malicious actor has already obtained the System privilege. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS10431920; Issue ID: MSV-5835.",
"id": "GHSA-4c3g-mgjr-mchg",
"modified": "2026-03-02T15:31:23Z",
"published": "2026-03-02T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20438"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/March-2026"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CGG-4F77-HGH3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:16 – Updated: 2024-10-17 21:31dxgkrnl.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka "DirectX Graphics Kernel Subsystem Double Fetch Vulnerability."
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-3888"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-10-09T14:53:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "dxgkrnl.sys in the kernel-mode drivers in Microsoft Windows Vista SP2, Windows Server 2008 SP2 and R2 SP1, and Windows 7 SP1 allows local users to gain privileges via a crafted application, aka \"DirectX Graphics Kernel Subsystem Double Fetch Vulnerability.\"",
"id": "GHSA-4cgg-4f77-hgh3",
"modified": "2024-10-17T21:31:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:16:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-3888"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/security-updates/securitybulletins/2013/ms13-081"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A18924"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA13-288A"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4CHJ-257P-75H9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-06-27 00:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 05:11A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations.
Please note: a local attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.
This is similar to, but not identical to CVE-2023-32555.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-32554"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-06-26T22:15:10Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A Time-of-Check Time-Of-Use vulnerability in the Trend Micro Apex One and Apex One as a Service agent could allow a local attacker to escalate privileges on affected installations.\n\nPlease note: a local attacker must first obtain the ability to execute low-privileged code on the target system in order to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThis is similar to, but not identical to CVE-2023-32555.",
"id": "GHSA-4chj-257p-75h9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T05:11:22Z",
"published": "2023-06-27T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32554"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://success.trendmicro.com/dcx/s/solution/000293108?language=en_US"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-657"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4FRM-GC48-JWJX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-16 21:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:00Dell BIOS contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use vulnerability in BIOS. A local authenticated malicious user with physical access to the system could potentially exploit this vulnerability by using a specifically timed DMA transaction during an SMI in order to gain arbitrary code execution on the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-28075"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-16T20:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nDell BIOS contain a Time-of-check Time-of-use vulnerability in BIOS. A local authenticated malicious user with physical access to the system could potentially exploit this vulnerability by using a specifically timed DMA transaction during an SMI in order to gain arbitrary code execution on the system.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-4frm-gc48-jwjx",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:00:22Z",
"published": "2023-08-16T21:31:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-28075"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000212817/dsa-2023-152-security-update-for-a-dell-client-bios-vulnerability"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-4G22-X6M7-R675
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-04-26 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-26 03:30In deletefiles in FDUPES before 2.2.0, a TOCTOU race condition allows arbitrary file deletion via a symlink.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-48682"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-367"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-04-26T01:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In deletefiles in FDUPES before 2.2.0, a TOCTOU race condition allows arbitrary file deletion via a symlink.",
"id": "GHSA-4g22-x6m7-r675",
"modified": "2024-04-26T03:30:28Z",
"published": "2024-04-26T03:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-48682"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adrianlopezroche/fdupes/commit/85680897148f1ac33b55418e00334116e419717f"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1200381"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adrianlopezroche/fdupes/blob/4b6bcde1b3eb1cebe87cd30814f7d6cf4ee46e95/fdupes.c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/adrianlopezroche/fdupes/compare/v2.1.2...v2.2.0"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
The most basic advice for TOCTOU vulnerabilities is to not perform a check before the use. This does not resolve the underlying issue of the execution of a function on a resource whose state and identity cannot be assured, but it does help to limit the false sense of security given by the check.
Mitigation
When the file being altered is owned by the current user and group, set the effective gid and uid to that of the current user and group when executing this statement.
Mitigation
Limit the interleaving of operations on files from multiple processes.
Mitigation
If you cannot perform operations atomically and you must share access to the resource between multiple processes or threads, then try to limit the amount of time (CPU cycles) between the check and use of the resource. This will not fix the problem, but it could make it more difficult for an attack to succeed.
Mitigation
Recheck the resource after the use call to verify that the action was taken appropriately.
Mitigation
Ensure that some environmental locking mechanism can be used to protect resources effectively.
Mitigation
Ensure that locking occurs before the check, as opposed to afterwards, such that the resource, as checked, is the same as it is when in use.
CAPEC-27: Leveraging Race Conditions via Symbolic Links
This attack leverages the use of symbolic links (Symlinks) in order to write to sensitive files. An attacker can create a Symlink link to a target file not otherwise accessible to them. When the privileged program tries to create a temporary file with the same name as the Symlink link, it will actually write to the target file pointed to by the attackers' Symlink link. If the attacker can insert malicious content in the temporary file they will be writing to the sensitive file by using the Symlink. The race occurs because the system checks if the temporary file exists, then creates the file. The attacker would typically create the Symlink during the interval between the check and the creation of the temporary file.
CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions
This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.