Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-362

Allowed-with-Review

Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')

Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft

The product contains a concurrent code sequence that requires temporary, exclusive access to a shared resource, but a timing window exists in which the shared resource can be modified by another code sequence operating concurrently.

2900 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-V8FP-GF92-786M

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-12 12:00 – Updated: 2025-01-03 00:31
VLAI
Details

Windows Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24504, CVE-2022-30198, CVE-2022-33634, CVE-2022-38000, CVE-2022-38047, CVE-2022-41081.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-22035"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-11T19:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Windows Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2022-24504, CVE-2022-30198, CVE-2022-33634, CVE-2022-38000, CVE-2022-38047, CVE-2022-41081.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8fp-gf92-786m",
  "modified": "2025-01-03T00:31:05Z",
  "published": "2022-10-12T12:00:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-22035"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-22035"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V8JM-8MP9-5962

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-03 06:36 – Updated: 2023-11-10 00:30
VLAI
Details

SchedMD Slurm 23.02.x before 23.02.6 and 22.05.x before 22.05.10 allows filesystem race conditions for gaining ownership of a file, overwriting a file, or deleting files.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-41914"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-11-03T05:15:30Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "SchedMD Slurm 23.02.x before 23.02.6 and 22.05.x before 22.05.10 allows filesystem race conditions for gaining ownership of a file, overwriting a file, or deleting files.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8jm-8mp9-5962",
  "modified": "2023-11-10T00:30:26Z",
  "published": "2023-11-03T06:36:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41914"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OWKTCYZT3DXEH66QXQJYB7NI7ONDRS4M"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OWKTCYZT3DXEH66QXQJYB7NI7ONDRS4M"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.schedmd.com/pipermail/slurm-announce/2023/000100.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://schedmd.com/security.php"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V8PM-776C-452X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:31 – Updated: 2022-05-17 05:31
VLAI
Details

Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 15.0, and 15.1, when the data-link switching (DLSw) feature is configured, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device crash) by sending a sequence of malformed packets and leveraging a "narrow timing window," aka Bug ID CSCtf74999, a different vulnerability than CVE-2007-0199, CVE-2008-1152, and CVE-2009-0629.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-1625"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2011-08-18T18:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cisco IOS 12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 15.0, and 15.1, when the data-link switching (DLSw) feature is configured, allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (device crash) by sending a sequence of malformed packets and leveraging a \"narrow timing window,\" aka Bug ID CSCtf74999, a different vulnerability than CVE-2007-0199, CVE-2008-1152, and CVE-2009-0629.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8pm-776c-452x",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T05:31:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:31:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-1625"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/cable/cmts/release/notes/12_2sc/uBR7200/122_33_SCF/caveats.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-V8R4-R5F4-JP7J

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-10 18:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:32
VLAI
Details

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-41768"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-10-10T18:15:18Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-v8r4-r5f4-jp7j",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T08:32:46Z",
  "published": "2023-10-10T18:31:35Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-41768"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-41768"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V8RF-QJ3W-FQ5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-19 15:30 – Updated: 2024-10-31 15:30
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: use latest_dev in btrfs_show_devname

The test case btrfs/238 reports the warning below:

WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 481 at fs/btrfs/super.c:2509 btrfs_show_devname+0x104/0x1e8 [btrfs] CPU: 2 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Tainted: G W O 5.14.0-rc1-custom #72 Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015 Call trace: btrfs_show_devname+0x108/0x1b4 [btrfs] show_mountinfo+0x234/0x2c4 m_show+0x28/0x34 seq_read_iter+0x12c/0x3c4 vfs_read+0x29c/0x2c8 ksys_read+0x80/0xec __arm64_sys_read+0x28/0x34 invoke_syscall+0x50/0xf8 do_el0_svc+0x88/0x138 el0_svc+0x2c/0x8c el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xe4 el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c

Reason: While btrfs_prepare_sprout() moves the fs_devices::devices into fs_devices::seed_list, the btrfs_show_devname() searches for the devices and found none, leading to the warning as in above.

Fix: latest_dev is updated according to the changes to the device list. That means we could use the latest_dev->name to show the device name in /proc/self/mounts, the pointer will be always valid as it's assigned before the device is deleted from the list in remove or replace. The RCU protection is sufficient as the device structure is freed after synchronization.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-47599"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-19T15:15:54Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nbtrfs: use latest_dev in btrfs_show_devname\n\nThe test case btrfs/238 reports the warning below:\n\n WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 481 at fs/btrfs/super.c:2509 btrfs_show_devname+0x104/0x1e8 [btrfs]\n CPU: 2 PID: 1 Comm: systemd Tainted: G        W  O 5.14.0-rc1-custom #72\n Hardware name: QEMU QEMU Virtual Machine, BIOS 0.0.0 02/06/2015\n Call trace:\n   btrfs_show_devname+0x108/0x1b4 [btrfs]\n   show_mountinfo+0x234/0x2c4\n   m_show+0x28/0x34\n   seq_read_iter+0x12c/0x3c4\n   vfs_read+0x29c/0x2c8\n   ksys_read+0x80/0xec\n   __arm64_sys_read+0x28/0x34\n   invoke_syscall+0x50/0xf8\n   do_el0_svc+0x88/0x138\n   el0_svc+0x2c/0x8c\n   el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xe4\n   el0t_64_sync+0x198/0x19c\n\nReason:\nWhile btrfs_prepare_sprout() moves the fs_devices::devices into\nfs_devices::seed_list, the btrfs_show_devname() searches for the devices\nand found none, leading to the warning as in above.\n\nFix:\nlatest_dev is updated according to the changes to the device list.\nThat means we could use the latest_dev-\u003ename to show the device name in\n/proc/self/mounts, the pointer will be always valid as it\u0027s assigned\nbefore the device is deleted from the list in remove or replace.\nThe RCU protection is sufficient as the device structure is freed after\nsynchronization.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8rf-qj3w-fq5c",
  "modified": "2024-10-31T15:30:58Z",
  "published": "2024-06-19T15:30:55Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-47599"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6605fd2f394bba0a0059df2b6cfc87b0b6d393a2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e342c2558016ead462f376b6c6c2ac5efc17f3b1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V8WR-J6WF-XMQ3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:47 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:47
VLAI
Details

Race condition issue in Yandex Browser for Android before 17.4.0.16 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit memory corruption via a crafted HTML page

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-7326"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-01-19T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Race condition issue in Yandex Browser for Android before 17.4.0.16 allowed a remote attacker to potentially exploit memory corruption via a crafted HTML page",
  "id": "GHSA-v8wr-j6wf-xmq3",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:47:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:47:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-7326"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://browser.yandex.com/security/changelogs/fixed-in-version-17-4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V8X6-FRF7-3G2H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:24 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33
VLAI
Details

** DISPUTED ** Race condition in Malware Defender 2.6.0 on Windows XP allows local users to bypass kernel-mode hook handlers, and execute dangerous code that would otherwise be blocked by a handler but not blocked by signature-based malware detection, via certain user-space memory changes during hook-handler execution, aka an argument-switch attack or a KHOBE attack. NOTE: this issue is disputed by some third parties because it is a flaw in a protection mechanism for situations where a crafted program has already begun to execute.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2010-5165"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2012-08-25T21:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "** DISPUTED ** Race condition in Malware Defender 2.6.0 on Windows XP allows local users to bypass kernel-mode hook handlers, and execute dangerous code that would otherwise be blocked by a handler but not blocked by signature-based malware detection, via certain user-space memory changes during hook-handler execution, aka an argument-switch attack or a KHOBE attack.  NOTE: this issue is disputed by some third parties because it is a flaw in a protection mechanism for situations where a crafted program has already begun to execute.",
  "id": "GHSA-v8x6-frf7-3g2h",
  "modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T05:24:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-5165"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2010-05/0026.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/fulldisclosure/2010-05/0066.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://countermeasures.trendmicro.eu/you-just-cant-trust-a-drunk"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://matousec.com/info/advisories/khobe-8.0-earthquake-for-windows-desktop-security-software.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://matousec.com/info/articles/khobe-8.0-earthquake-for-windows-desktop-security-software.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.f-secure.com/weblog/archives/00001949.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.osvdb.org/67660"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/39924"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.theregister.co.uk/2010/05/07/argument_switch_av_bypass"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-V929-H38W-7WM2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:54 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:54
VLAI
Details

Multiple race conditions in the Web Audio implementation in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 30.0.1599.66, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to threading in core/html/HTMLMediaElement.cpp, core/platform/audio/AudioDSPKernelProcessor.cpp, core/platform/audio/HRTFElevation.cpp, and modules/webaudio/ConvolverNode.cpp.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-2906"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-10-02T10:35:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Multiple race conditions in the Web Audio implementation in Blink, as used in Google Chrome before 30.0.1599.66, allow remote attackers to cause a denial of service or possibly have unspecified other impact via vectors related to threading in core/html/HTMLMediaElement.cpp, core/platform/audio/AudioDSPKernelProcessor.cpp, core/platform/audio/HRTFElevation.cpp, and modules/webaudio/ConvolverNode.cpp.",
  "id": "GHSA-v929-h38w-7wm2",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:54:27Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:54:27Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-2906"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=223962"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=270758"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=271161"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=284785"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=284786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A19013"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/blink?revision=157243\u0026view=revision"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/blink?revision=157245\u0026view=revision"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/blink?revision=157256\u0026view=revision"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/blink?revision=157259\u0026view=revision"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://src.chromium.org/viewvc/blink?revision=157273\u0026view=revision"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.com/2013/10/stable-channel-update.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-10/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2013-12/msg00002.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2014-01/msg00042.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2785"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-V97G-5VWR-8M9W

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-19 00:01
VLAI
Details

In SUB2AF, there is a possible memory corruption due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is no needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS05881290; Issue ID: ALPS05881290.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-20080"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-04-11T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In SUB2AF, there is a possible memory corruption due to a race condition. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is no needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS05881290; Issue ID: ALPS05881290.",
  "id": "GHSA-v97g-5vwr-8m9w",
  "modified": "2022-04-19T00:01:21Z",
  "published": "2022-04-12T00:00:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-20080"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/April-2022"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-V982-V47W-8J5P

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:04 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:04
VLAI
Details

systemd does not properly use D-Bus for communication with a polkit authority, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging a PolkitUnixProcess PolkitSubject race condition via a (1) setuid process or (2) pkexec process, a related issue to CVE-2013-4288.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-4327"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-362"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-10-03T21:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "systemd does not properly use D-Bus for communication with a polkit authority, which allows local users to bypass intended access restrictions by leveraging a PolkitUnixProcess PolkitSubject race condition via a (1) setuid process or (2) pkexec process, a related issue to CVE-2013-4288.",
  "id": "GHSA-v982-v47w-8j5p",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:04:12Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:04:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-4327"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1006680"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2013/dsa-2777"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2013/09/18/6"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1961-1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

In languages that support it, use synchronization primitives. Only wrap these around critical code to minimize the impact on performance.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Use thread-safe capabilities such as the data access abstraction in Spring.

Mitigation
Architecture and Design
  • Minimize the usage of shared resources in order to remove as much complexity as possible from the control flow and to reduce the likelihood of unexpected conditions occurring.
  • Additionally, this will minimize the amount of synchronization necessary and may even help to reduce the likelihood of a denial of service where an attacker may be able to repeatedly trigger a critical section (CWE-400).
Mitigation
Implementation

When using multithreading and operating on shared variables, only use thread-safe functions.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use atomic operations on shared variables. Be wary of innocent-looking constructs such as "x++". This may appear atomic at the code layer, but it is actually non-atomic at the instruction layer, since it involves a read, followed by a computation, followed by a write.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use a mutex if available, but be sure to avoid related weaknesses such as CWE-412.

Mitigation
Implementation

Avoid double-checked locking (CWE-609) and other implementation errors that arise when trying to avoid the overhead of synchronization.

Mitigation
Implementation

Disable interrupts or signals over critical parts of the code, but also make sure that the code does not go into a large or infinite loop.

Mitigation
Implementation

Use the volatile type modifier for critical variables to avoid unexpected compiler optimization or reordering. This does not necessarily solve the synchronization problem, but it can help.

Mitigation MIT-17
Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

CAPEC-26: Leveraging Race Conditions

The adversary targets a race condition occurring when multiple processes access and manipulate the same resource concurrently, and the outcome of the execution depends on the particular order in which the access takes place. The adversary can leverage a race condition by "running the race", modifying the resource and modifying the normal execution flow. For instance, a race condition can occur while accessing a file: the adversary can trick the system by replacing the original file with their version and cause the system to read the malicious file.

CAPEC-29: Leveraging Time-of-Check and Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) Race Conditions

This attack targets a race condition occurring between the time of check (state) for a resource and the time of use of a resource. A typical example is file access. The adversary can leverage a file access race condition by "running the race", meaning that they would modify the resource between the first time the target program accesses the file and the time the target program uses the file. During that period of time, the adversary could replace or modify the file, causing the application to behave unexpectedly.