CWE-352
AllowedCross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Abstraction: Compound · Status: Stable
The web application does not, or cannot, sufficiently verify whether a request was intentionally provided by the user who sent the request, which could have originated from an unauthorized actor.
14239 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JXR6-7QG5-8WV6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-03-22 21:30 – Updated: 2023-03-30 01:01A form can be manipulated with cross-site request forgery in multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. This can potentially allow an attacker to gain access to confidential information and compromise integrity. The solution is to upgrade to Meridian 2023.1.1 or Horizon 31.0.6 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization's private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.opennms:opennms-webapp"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "31.0.6"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0870"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-03-22T22:21:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2023-03-22T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A form can be manipulated with cross-site request forgery in multiple versions of OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon. This can potentially allow an attacker to gain access to confidential information and compromise integrity. The solution is to upgrade to Meridian 2023.1.1 or Horizon 31.0.6 or newer. Meridian and Horizon installation instructions state that they are intended for installation within an organization\u0027s private networks and should not be directly accessible from the Internet.",
"id": "GHSA-jxr6-7qg5-8wv6",
"modified": "2023-03-30T01:01:45Z",
"published": "2023-03-22T21:30:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0870"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenNMS/opennms/pull/5835/files"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.opennms.com/meridian/2023/releasenotes/changelog.html#releasenotes-changelog-Meridian-2023.1.1"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/OpenNMS/opennms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "OpenNMS Meridian and Horizon vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery"
}
GHSA-JXV5-QCW3-V6VW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-18 09:32 – Updated: 2025-02-18 09:32The Flexible Wishlist for WooCommerce – Ecommerce Wishlist & Save for later plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.26. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on several functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify/update/create other user's wishlists via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-13718"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-18T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Flexible Wishlist for WooCommerce \u2013 Ecommerce Wishlist \u0026 Save for later plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.26. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on several functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to modify/update/create other user\u0027s wishlists via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-jxv5-qcw3-v6vw",
"modified": "2025-02-18T09:32:45Z",
"published": "2025-02-18T09:32:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?old_path=flexible-wishlist/tags/1.2.26\u0026new_path=/flexible-wishlist/tags/1.2.27\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/1f2b4030-92b1-4795-b72e-761632dd523d?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JXV7-GVXQ-248Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:08 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:08Missing checks on Content-Type headers in geckodriver before 0.27.0 could lead to a CSRF vulnerability, that might, when paired with a specifically prepared request, lead to remote code execution.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-15660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-07-20T12:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Missing checks on Content-Type headers in geckodriver before 0.27.0 could lead to a CSRF vulnerability, that might, when paired with a specifically prepared request, lead to remote code execution.",
"id": "GHSA-jxv7-gvxq-248q",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:08:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:08:29Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-15660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/tag/v0.27.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/07/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JXVJ-4752-7C25
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-04 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-04 06:31The Social Media WPCF7 Stop Words plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.3. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the smWpCfSwOptions() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the plugin's settings and inject malicious web scripts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-12413"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-04T05:16:13Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Social Media WPCF7 Stop Words plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.3. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on the smWpCfSwOptions() function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to update the plugin\u0027s settings and inject malicious web scripts via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-jxvj-4752-7c25",
"modified": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-11-04T06:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-12413"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wpcf7-stop-words/tags/1.1.3/social-media-wpcf7-stop-words.php#L45"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/27857a17-8cf0-40b3-894f-8dd7cf5108dd?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M23H-9CWR-5GM4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-09 09:30 – Updated: 2024-07-09 09:30The Advanced AJAX Page Loader plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery to Arbitrary File Upload in versions up to, and including, 2.7.7. This is due to missing nonce validation in the 'admin_init_AAPL' function and missing file type validation in the 'AAPL_options_validate' function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site's server which may make remote code execution possible via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-6310"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-09T08:15:11Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Advanced AJAX Page Loader plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery to Arbitrary File Upload in versions up to, and including, 2.7.7. This is due to missing nonce validation in the \u0027admin_init_AAPL\u0027 function and missing file type validation in the \u0027AAPL_options_validate\u0027 function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to upload arbitrary files on the affected site\u0027s server which may make remote code execution possible via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-m23h-9cwr-5gm4",
"modified": "2024-07-09T09:30:55Z",
"published": "2024-07-09T09:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-6310"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advanced-ajax-page-loader/tags/2.7.7/advanced-ajax-page-loader.php#L131"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/advanced-ajax-page-loader/tags/2.7.7/advanced-ajax-page-loader.php#L41"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/ccc75dee-1cf8-4fda-b2a1-f5d68e6c7887?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M244-6MFF-P355
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-29 15:31 – Updated: 2025-11-05 20:54Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin 0.4 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.
This allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.
Additionally, this endpoint does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.
As of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.jenkins-ci.plugins:publish-to-bitbucket"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64149"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-29T22:11:04Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-29T14:15:59Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin 0.4 and earlier does not perform a permission check in an HTTP endpoint.\n\nThis allows attackers with Overall/Read permission to connect to an attacker-specified HTTP URL using attacker-specified credentials IDs obtained through another method, capturing credentials stored in Jenkins.\n\nAdditionally, this endpoint does not require POST requests, resulting in a cross-site request forgery (CSRF) vulnerability.\n\nAs of publication of this advisory, there is no fix.",
"id": "GHSA-m244-6mff-p355",
"modified": "2025-11-05T20:54:26Z",
"published": "2025-10-29T15:31:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64149"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jenkinsci/publish-to-bitbucket-plugin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.jenkins.io/security/advisory/2025-10-29/#SECURITY-3576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/29/2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Jenkins Publish to Bitbucket Plugin vulnerable to CSRF and missing permissions check"
}
GHSA-M246-PV28-4R6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:00 – Updated: 2023-10-06 16:19An issue was discovered in MCMS 4.6.5. There is a CSRF vulnerability that can add an administrator account via ms/basic/manager/save.do.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "net.mingsoft:ms-mcms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "4.6.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17366"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-07-25T20:07:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-23T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in MCMS 4.6.5. There is a CSRF vulnerability that can add an administrator account via ms/basic/manager/save.do.",
"id": "GHSA-m246-pv28-4r6f",
"modified": "2023-10-06T16:19:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:00:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17366"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitee.com/mingSoft/MCMS/issues/IM1DA"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ming-soft/MCMS"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mingsoft MCMS CSRF vulnerability"
}
GHSA-M249-8GM7-XRCF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-11 12:31 – Updated: 2024-08-06 15:30A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions < V1.2). The web interface of the affected devices are vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery(CSRF) attacks. By tricking an authenticated victim user to click a malicious link, an attacker could perform arbitrary actions on the device on behalf of the victim user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-35207"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-11T12:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions \u003c V1.2). The web interface of the affected devices are vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery(CSRF) attacks. By tricking an authenticated victim user to click a malicious link, an attacker could perform arbitrary actions on the device on behalf of the victim user.",
"id": "GHSA-m249-8gm7-xrcf",
"modified": "2024-08-06T15:30:47Z",
"published": "2024-06-11T12:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-35207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-196737.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-M256-5RJ4-75C4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-16 12:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:59The Tiempo.com WordPress plugin through 0.1.2 does not have CSRF check when creating and editing its shortcode, and is missing sanitisation as well as escaping, which could allow attackers to make logged in admin add Stored XSS payloads via a CSRF attack
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0058"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-16T12:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Tiempo.com WordPress plugin through 0.1.2 does not have CSRF check when creating and editing its shortcode, and is missing sanitisation as well as escaping, which could allow attackers to make logged in admin add Stored XSS payloads via a CSRF attack",
"id": "GHSA-m256-5rj4-75c4",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:59:07Z",
"published": "2023-08-16T12:30:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0058"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/0e677df9-2c49-42f0-a8e2-dbcf85bfc1a2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-M264-GW64-358M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30Next Click Ventures RealtyScript 4.0.2 contains cross-site request forgery and persistent cross-site scripting vulnerabilities that allow attackers to perform administrative actions and inject malicious scripts. Attackers can craft malicious web pages that execute unauthorized actions when logged-in users visit them, or inject persistent scripts that execute in the application context.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-20113"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:17:46Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Next Click Ventures RealtyScript 4.0.2 contains cross-site request forgery and persistent cross-site scripting vulnerabilities that allow attackers to perform administrative actions and inject malicious scripts. Attackers can craft malicious web pages that execute unauthorized actions when logged-in users visit them, or inject persistent scripts that execute in the application context.",
"id": "GHSA-m264-gw64-358m",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:40Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-20113"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/38496"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/realtyscript-multiple-cross-site-request-forgery"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2015-5269.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
- For example, use anti-CSRF packages such as the OWASP CSRFGuard. [REF-330]
- Another example is the ESAPI Session Management control, which includes a component for CSRF. [REF-45]
Mitigation
Ensure that the application is free of cross-site scripting issues (CWE-79), because most CSRF defenses can be bypassed using attacker-controlled script.
Mitigation
Generate a unique nonce for each form, place the nonce into the form, and verify the nonce upon receipt of the form. Be sure that the nonce is not predictable (CWE-330). [REF-332]
Mitigation
Identify especially dangerous operations. When the user performs a dangerous operation, send a separate confirmation request to ensure that the user intended to perform that operation.
Mitigation
- Use the "double-submitted cookie" method as described by Felten and Zeller:
- When a user visits a site, the site should generate a pseudorandom value and set it as a cookie on the user's machine. The site should require every form submission to include this value as a form value and also as a cookie value. When a POST request is sent to the site, the request should only be considered valid if the form value and the cookie value are the same.
- Because of the same-origin policy, an attacker cannot read or modify the value stored in the cookie. To successfully submit a form on behalf of the user, the attacker would have to correctly guess the pseudorandom value. If the pseudorandom value is cryptographically strong, this will be prohibitively difficult.
- This technique requires Javascript, so it may not work for browsers that have Javascript disabled. [REF-331]
Mitigation
Do not use the GET method for any request that triggers a state change.
Mitigation
Check the HTTP Referer header to see if the request originated from an expected page. This could break legitimate functionality, because users or proxies may have disabled sending the Referer for privacy reasons.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-462: Cross-Domain Search Timing
An attacker initiates cross domain HTTP / GET requests and times the server responses. The timing of these responses may leak important information on what is happening on the server. Browser's same origin policy prevents the attacker from directly reading the server responses (in the absence of any other weaknesses), but does not prevent the attacker from timing the responses to requests that the attacker issued cross domain.
CAPEC-467: Cross Site Identification
An attacker harvests identifying information about a victim via an active session that the victim's browser has with a social networking site. A victim may have the social networking site open in one tab or perhaps is simply using the "remember me" feature to keep their session with the social networking site active. An attacker induces a payload to execute in the victim's browser that transparently to the victim initiates a request to the social networking site (e.g., via available social network site APIs) to retrieve identifying information about a victim. While some of this information may be public, the attacker is able to harvest this information in context and may use it for further attacks on the user (e.g., spear phishing).
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.