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Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-347

Allowed

Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product does not verify, or incorrectly verifies, the cryptographic signature for data.

1344 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-3FVG-4V2M-98JF

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 07:19 – Updated: 2022-07-05 21:25
VLAI
Summary
JWS and JWT signature validation vulnerability with special characters
Details

Impact

Jsrsasign supports JWS(JSON Web Signatures) and JWT(JSON Web Token) validation. However JWS or JWT signature with non Base64URL encoding special characters or number escaped characters may be validated as valid by mistake.

For example, even if a string of non Base64URL encoding characters such as !@$% or \11 is inserted into a valid JWS or JWT signature value string, it will still be a valid JWS or JWT signature by mistake.

When jsrsasign's JWS or JWT validation is used in OpenID connect or OAuth2, this vulnerability will affect to authentication or authorization.

By our internal assessment, CVSS 3.1 score will be 8.6. CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N

Patches

Users validate JWS or JWT signatures should upgrade to 10.5.25.

Workarounds

Validate JWS or JWT signature if it has Base64URL and dot safe string before executing JWS.verify() or JWS.verifyJWT() method.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thanks to Adi Malyanker and Or David for this vulnerability report. Also thanks for Snyk security team for this coordination.

References

https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/releases/tag/10.5.25 https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/security/advisories/GHSA-3fvg-4v2m-98jf kjur's advisories https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3fvg-4v2m-98jf github advisories https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-25898 https://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/api/symbols/KJUR.jws.JWS.html#.verifyJWT https://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/api/symbols/KJUR.jws.JWS.html#.verify https://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/api/symbols/global__.html#.isBase64URLDot https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/wiki/Tutorial-for-JWS-verification https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/wiki/Tutorial-for-JWT-verification https://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-JSRSASIGN-2869122

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "jsrsasign"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "4.8.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "10.5.25"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-25898"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2022-06-25T07:19:06Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-07-01T20:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Impact\n\nJsrsasign supports JWS(JSON Web Signatures) and JWT(JSON Web Token) validation. However JWS or JWT signature with non Base64URL encoding special characters or number escaped characters may be validated as valid by mistake.\n\nFor example, even if a string of non Base64URL encoding characters such as `!@$%` or `\\11` is inserted into a valid JWS or JWT signature value string, it will still be a valid JWS or JWT signature by mistake.\n\nWhen jsrsasign\u0027s JWS or JWT validation is used in OpenID connect or OAuth2, this vulnerability will affect to authentication or authorization.\n\nBy our internal assessment, CVSS 3.1 score will be 8.6.\nCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N\n\n### Patches\nUsers validate JWS or JWT signatures should upgrade to 10.5.25.\n\n### Workarounds\nValidate JWS or JWT signature if it has Base64URL and dot safe string before\nexecuting JWS.verify() or JWS.verifyJWT() method.\n\n### ACKNOWLEDGEMENT\n\nThanks to Adi Malyanker and Or David for this vulnerability report. Also thanks for [Snyk security team](https://snyk.io/) for this coordination.\n\n### References\nhttps://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/releases/tag/10.5.25\nhttps://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/security/advisories/GHSA-3fvg-4v2m-98jf kjur\u0027s advisories\nhttps://github.com/advisories/GHSA-3fvg-4v2m-98jf github advisories\nhttps://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-25898\nhttps://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/api/symbols/KJUR.jws.JWS.html#.verifyJWT\nhttps://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/api/symbols/KJUR.jws.JWS.html#.verify\nhttps://kjur.github.io/jsrsasign/api/symbols/global__.html#.isBase64URLDot\nhttps://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/wiki/Tutorial-for-JWS-verification\nhttps://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/wiki/Tutorial-for-JWT-verification\nhttps://security.snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-JSRSASIGN-2869122\n",
  "id": "GHSA-3fvg-4v2m-98jf",
  "modified": "2022-07-05T21:25:54Z",
  "published": "2022-06-25T07:19:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/commit/4536a6e9e8bcf1a644ab7c07ed96e453347dae41"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2022-25898"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/kjur/jsrsasign/releases/tag/10.5.25"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWER-2935898"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSBOWERGITHUBKJUR-2935897"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JAVA-ORGWEBJARSNPM-2935896"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://snyk.io/vuln/SNYK-JS-JSRSASIGN-2869122"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "JWS and JWT signature validation vulnerability with special characters"
}

GHSA-3GCG-C4CR-6G36

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:15 – Updated: 2023-11-15 21:35
VLAI
Details

A DLL sideloading vulnerability in McAfee Agent for Windows prior to 5.7.4 could allow a local user to perform a DLL sideloading attack with an unsigned DLL with a specific name and in a specific location. This would result in the user gaining elevated permissions and the ability to execute arbitrary code as the system user, through not checking the DLL signature.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31841"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347",
      "CWE-426"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-22T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "A DLL sideloading vulnerability in McAfee Agent for Windows prior to 5.7.4 could allow a local user to perform a DLL sideloading attack with an unsigned DLL with a specific name and in a specific location. This would result in the user gaining elevated permissions and the ability to execute arbitrary code as the system user, through not checking the DLL signature.",
  "id": "GHSA-3gcg-c4cr-6g36",
  "modified": "2023-11-15T21:35:02Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:15:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31841"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10369"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3GGR-5P57-2XGH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 00:31
VLAI
Details

The firmware upgrade function in the admin web interface of the Rittal IoT Interface & CMC III Processing Unit devices checks if the patch files are signed before executing the containing run.sh script. The signing process is kind of an HMAC with a long string as key which is hard-coded in the firmware and is freely available for download. This allows crafting malicious "signed" .patch files in order to compromise the device and execute arbitrary code.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-47943"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T09:15:03Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The firmware upgrade function in the admin web interface of the Rittal\u00a0IoT Interface \u0026 CMC III Processing Unit devices checks if \nthe patch files are signed before executing the containing run.sh \nscript. The signing process is kind of an HMAC with a long string as key\n which is hard-coded in the firmware and is freely available for \ndownload. This allows crafting malicious \"signed\" .patch files in order \nto compromise the device and execute arbitrary code.",
  "id": "GHSA-3ggr-5p57-2xgh",
  "modified": "2025-11-04T00:31:34Z",
  "published": "2024-10-15T09:30:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-47943"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://r.sec-consult.com/rittaliot"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.rittal.com/de-de/products/deep/3124300"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Oct/4"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3JM5-8QWR-JVWM

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:52 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:30
VLAI
Details

Bluetooth firmware or operating system software drivers in macOS versions before 10.13, High Sierra and iOS versions before 11.4, and Android versions before the 2018-06-05 patch may not sufficiently validate elliptic curve parameters used to generate public keys during a Diffie-Hellman key exchange, which may allow a remote attacker to obtain the encryption key used by the device.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-5383"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-325",
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-08-07T21:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Bluetooth firmware or operating system software drivers in macOS versions before 10.13, High Sierra and iOS versions before 11.4, and Android versions before the 2018-06-05 patch may not sufficiently validate elliptic curve parameters used to generate public keys during a Diffie-Hellman key exchange, which may allow a remote attacker to obtain the encryption key used by the device.",
  "id": "GHSA-3jm5-8qwr-jvwm",
  "modified": "2026-03-05T21:30:23Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:52:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5383"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:2169"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2019/04/msg00005.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4094-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4095-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4095-2"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4118-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4351-1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bluetooth.com/news/unknown/2018/07/bluetooth-sig-security-update"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/304725"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.cs.technion.ac.il/~biham/BT"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104879"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1041432"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3JWQ-498G-6473

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2023-03-24 18:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the Image Signature Verification feature used in an NX-OS CLI command in Cisco Nexus 3000 Series and 9000 Series Switches could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrator-level credentials to install a malicious software image on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because software digital signatures are not properly verified during CLI command execution. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to install an unsigned software image on an affected device. Note: If the device has not been patched for the vulnerability previously disclosed in the Cisco Security Advisory cisco-sa-20190306-nxos-sig-verif, a successful exploit could allow the attacker to boot a malicious software image.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2019-1810"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-05-15T23:29:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the Image Signature Verification feature used in an NX-OS CLI command in Cisco Nexus 3000 Series and 9000 Series Switches could allow an authenticated, local attacker with administrator-level credentials to install a malicious software image on an affected device. The vulnerability exists because software digital signatures are not properly verified during CLI command execution. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to install an unsigned software image on an affected device. Note: If the device has not been patched for the vulnerability previously disclosed in the Cisco Security Advisory cisco-sa-20190306-nxos-sig-verif, a successful exploit could allow the attacker to boot a malicious software image.",
  "id": "GHSA-3jwq-498g-6473",
  "modified": "2023-03-24T18:30:22Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:45:56Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-1810"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20190515-nxos-sisv"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108431"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3MF3-33V4-JCJ2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-30 18:21 – Updated: 2024-02-08 21:30
VLAI
Details

ChaiVM EZloader for HP color LaserJet 4500 and 4550 and HP LaserJet 4100 and 8150 does not properly verify JAR signatures for new services, which allows local users to load unauthorized Chai services.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2002-1796"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2002-12-31T05:00:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "ChaiVM EZloader for HP color LaserJet 4500 and 4550 and HP LaserJet 4100 and 8150 does not properly verify JAR signatures for new services, which allows local users to load unauthorized Chai services.",
  "id": "GHSA-3mf3-33v4-jcj2",
  "modified": "2024-02-08T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2022-04-30T18:21:53Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2002-1796"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://online.securityfocus.com/advisories/4317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.iss.net/security_center/static/9695.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.phenoelit.de/stuff/HP_Chai.txt"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/284648"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/5334"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3MMV-F538-2FPW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-09 12:32 – Updated: 2026-09-10 18:31
VLAI
Details

Signature of Bearer token is not verified in last step of SAML2 authentication for Impala's hs2-http interface, allowing altering user name and acting as another user.

This issue affects Apache Impala: >=4.0.0.

Users are recommended to upgrade to version 4.5.2, which fixes this issue.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-56207"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-09T11:17:14Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Signature of Bearer token is not verified in last step of SAML2 authentication for Impala\u0027s hs2-http interface, allowing altering user name and acting as another user.\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache Impala: \u003e=4.0.0.\n\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 4.5.2, which fixes this issue.",
  "id": "GHSA-3mmv-f538-2fpw",
  "modified": "2026-09-10T18:31:39Z",
  "published": "2026-09-09T12:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.apache.org/thread/20cov78py0zqzx7dyq39ktythkwn91zs"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/09/08/22"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3P38-7Q3J-HW9H

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-30 03:31 – Updated: 2026-07-30 21:31
VLAI
Details

Cryptographic Flaw in WebAppInstalls in Google Chrome on Android prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a local attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-17872"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-07-30T01:16:51Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Cryptographic Flaw in WebAppInstalls in Google Chrome on Android prior to 151.0.7922.72 allowed a local attacker to potentially perform a sandbox escape via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-3p38-7q3j-hw9h",
  "modified": "2026-07-30T21:31:40Z",
  "published": "2026-07-30T03:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-17872"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/07/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0887107924.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/521963740"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3PF5-RV7J-46WR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-08 15:31 – Updated: 2026-09-09 18:31
VLAI
Details

CommServe contained a cryptographic signature verification issue affecting privilege management. Software customers upgrade to resolved maintenance release. Update CommServe and Web Server.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-77105"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-08T13:17:26Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "CommServe contained a cryptographic signature verification issue affecting privilege management. Software customers upgrade to resolved maintenance release. Update CommServe and Web Server.",
  "id": "GHSA-3pf5-rv7j-46wr",
  "modified": "2026-09-09T18:31:19Z",
  "published": "2026-09-08T15:31:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-77105"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://documentation.commvault.com/securityadvisories/CV_2026_08_7.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-3QF3-8W2G-RQMX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-09-03 21:31 – Updated: 2026-09-03 21:31
VLAI
Details

python-jose through 3.5.0 fails to properly validate asymmetric keys in HMAC initialization, accepting DER-encoded public keys that lack PEM armor or SSH prefixes. Attackers holding the service's public key can forge HS256 tokens that pass verification when algorithms are not explicitly restricted. This is an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-33663.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-85394"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-347"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-09-03T19:17:31Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "python-jose through 3.5.0 fails to properly validate asymmetric keys in HMAC initialization, accepting DER-encoded public keys that lack PEM armor or SSH prefixes. Attackers holding the service\u0027s public key can forge HS256 tokens that pass verification when algorithms are not explicitly restricted. This is an incomplete fix for CVE-2024-33663.",
  "id": "GHSA-3qf3-8w2g-rqmx",
  "modified": "2026-09-03T21:31:16Z",
  "published": "2026-09-03T21:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-85394"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/414"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6c5p-j8vq-pqhj"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/018b310ddb8b50dcfd09a0c152117835a21dd656/jose/backends/native.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/blob/018b310ddb8b50dcfd09a0c152117835a21dd656/jose/utils.py"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/python-jose-through-3.5.0-algorithm-confusion-via-der-encoded-public-key-as-hmac-secret"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

No mitigation information available for this CWE.

CAPEC-463: Padding Oracle Crypto Attack

An adversary is able to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key if a target system leaks data on whether or not a padding error happened while decrypting the ciphertext. A target system that leaks this type of information becomes the padding oracle and an adversary is able to make use of that oracle to efficiently decrypt data without knowing the decryption key by issuing on average 128*b calls to the padding oracle (where b is the number of bytes in the ciphertext block). In addition to performing decryption, an adversary is also able to produce valid ciphertexts (i.e., perform encryption) by using the padding oracle, all without knowing the encryption key.

CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation

An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.