CWE-346
Allowed-with-ReviewOrigin Validation Error
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
The product does not properly verify that the source of data or communication is valid.
789 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7MW2-6273-9CWV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-12 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-12 15:30Insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.115 allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-12024"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-11T22:16:54Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.115 allowed a remote attacker to bypass same origin policy via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-7mw2-6273-9cwv",
"modified": "2026-06-12T15:30:33Z",
"published": "2026-06-12T00:31:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-12024"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_01962725236.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/517086161"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7P7X-R7PV-GQ7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-11 12:30 – Updated: 2026-02-11 12:30GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.2 before 18.6.6, 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to steal tokens and access private repositories by abusing incomplete validation in the Web IDE.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7659"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-11T12:16:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "GitLab has remediated an issue in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 18.2 before 18.6.6, 18.7 before 18.7.4, and 18.8 before 18.8.4 that could have allowed an unauthenticated user to steal tokens and access private repositories by abusing incomplete validation in the Web IDE.",
"id": "GHSA-7p7x-r7pv-gq7p",
"modified": "2026-02-11T12:30:22Z",
"published": "2026-02-11T12:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7659"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/3234976"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://about.gitlab.com/releases/2026/02/10/patch-release-gitlab-18-8-4-released"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/555440"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7VGQ-6Q52-5P23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-29 21:31 – Updated: 2026-04-29 21:31AgentFlow's local web API accepts non-JSON content types on POST /api/runs and POST /api/runs/validate endpoints without enforcing application/json validation, allowing attackers to bypass trust-boundary enforcement on sensitive operations. Attackers can exploit this content-type validation weakness through browser-driven or local cross-origin requests to abuse the localhost API and enable attack chains against the local control plane.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7439"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-29T19:16:26Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "AgentFlow\u0027s local web API accepts non-JSON content types on POST /api/runs and POST /api/runs/validate endpoints without enforcing application/json validation, allowing attackers to bypass trust-boundary enforcement on sensitive operations. Attackers can exploit this content-type validation weakness through browser-driven or local cross-origin requests to abuse the localhost API and enable attack chains against the local control plane.",
"id": "GHSA-7vgq-6q52-5p23",
"modified": "2026-04-29T21:31:30Z",
"published": "2026-04-29T21:31:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/berabuddies/agentflow/pull/18"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/berabuddies/agentflow/commit/1667fa3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/agentflow-local-web-api-content-type-validation-bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-7X29-JH5V-6WWF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-23 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:53The Zscaler Client Connector for macOS prior to 3.6 did not sufficiently validate RPC clients. A local adversary without sufficient privileges may be able to shutdown the Zscaler tunnel by exploiting a race condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-26737"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-23T14:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Zscaler Client Connector for macOS prior to 3.6 did not sufficiently validate RPC clients. A local adversary without sufficient privileges may be able to shutdown the Zscaler tunnel by exploiting a race condition.\n\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-7x29-jh5v-6wwf",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:53:01Z",
"published": "2023-10-23T15:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-26737"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://help.zscaler.com/client-connector/client-connector-app-release-summary-2022?applicable_category=macOS\u0026applicable_version=3.6\u0026deployment_date=2022-01-07\u0026id=1388686"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XX9-PP7C-PV8H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 00:32 – Updated: 2026-04-13 21:30Insufficient policy enforcement in History Navigation in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to inject arbitrary scripts or HTML (UXSS) via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5899"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T22:16:29Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in History Navigation in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to inject arbitrary scripts or HTML (UXSS) via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Low)",
"id": "GHSA-7xx9-pp7c-pv8h",
"modified": "2026-04-13T21:30:38Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T00:32:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/474817168"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-824X-JCXF-HPFG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-14 12:00 – Updated: 2024-11-22 20:18ikus060/rdiffweb prior to 2.5.0a5 did not enforce origin validation in web traffic. Users are advised to upgrade to version 2.5.0a5.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "rdiffweb"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.0a5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3457"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-10-14T16:10:12Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-13T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ikus060/rdiffweb prior to 2.5.0a5 did not enforce origin validation in web traffic. Users are advised to upgrade to version 2.5.0a5.",
"id": "GHSA-824x-jcxf-hpfg",
"modified": "2024-11-22T20:18:04Z",
"published": "2022-10-14T12:00:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3457"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ikus060/rdiffweb/commit/afc1bdfab5161c74012ff2590a6ec49cc0d8fde0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Origin"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ikus060/rdiffweb"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/rdiffweb/PYSEC-2022-43161.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/cfcab02e-d6ad-4dcf-b1b0-da90434bc55b"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Origin Validation Error in rdiffweb"
}
GHSA-83QF-H326-J5PM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:45 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:33The PrinterLogic Print Management software, versions up to and including 18.3.1.96, updates and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code. An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-5409"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346",
"CWE-494"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-05-08T15:30:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The PrinterLogic Print Management software, versions up to and including 18.3.1.96, updates and executes the code without sufficiently verifying the origin and integrity of the code. An attacker can execute malicious code by compromising the host server, performing DNS spoofing, or modifying the code in transit.",
"id": "GHSA-83qf-h326-j5pm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:33:13Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:45:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-5409"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/169249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/108285"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-85VG-HQHQ-QVX3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-01 15:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:28Offscreen Canvas did not properly track cross-origin tainting, which could have been used to access image data from another site in violation of same-origin policy. This vulnerability affects Firefox < 116, Firefox ESR < 102.14, and Firefox ESR < 115.1.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-4045"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-01T15:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Offscreen Canvas did not properly track cross-origin tainting, which could have been used to access image data from another site in violation of same-origin policy. This vulnerability affects Firefox \u003c 116, Firefox ESR \u003c 102.14, and Firefox ESR \u003c 115.1.",
"id": "GHSA-85vg-hqhq-qvx3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:28:22Z",
"published": "2023-08-01T15:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-4045"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1833876"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00008.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/08/msg00010.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5469"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-29"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-30"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2023-31"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-869C-J7WC-8JQV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-29 06:31 – Updated: 2025-11-03 22:47parseWildcardRules in Gin-Gonic CORS middleware before 1.6.0 mishandles a wildcard at the end of an origin string, e.g., https://example.community/ is allowed when the intention is that only https://example.com/ should be allowed, and http://localhost.example.com/ is allowed when the intention is that only http://localhost/ should be allowed.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/gin-contrib/cors"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.6.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-25211"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-07-01T21:30:24Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-29T00:15:02Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "parseWildcardRules in Gin-Gonic CORS middleware before 1.6.0 mishandles a wildcard at the end of an origin string, e.g., https://example.community/* is allowed when the intention is that only https://example.com/* should be allowed, and http://localhost.example.com/* is allowed when the intention is that only http://localhost/* should be allowed.",
"id": "GHSA-869c-j7wc-8jqv",
"modified": "2025-11-03T22:47:01Z",
"published": "2024-06-29T06:31:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-25211"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-contrib/cors/pull/106"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-contrib/cors/pull/57"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-contrib/cors/commit/27b723a473efd80d5a498fa9f5933c80204c850d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-contrib/cors/compare/v1.5.0...v1.6.0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-contrib/cors/releases/tag/v1.6.0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/08/msg00024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Gin mishandles a wildcard at the end of an origin string"
}
GHSA-869J-R97X-HX2G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-19 22:10 – Updated: 2026-07-15 21:58Summary
Anki launches a local HTTP server to serve media files and web pages for parts of its interface. While the server has a CORS setup, requests from other origins were not blocked, allowing malicious websites to potentially trigger side-effecting requests.
Browser impact
The severity varies by browser because of Private Network Access (PNA), a newer spec that restricts web pages from making requests to localhost/local network addresses:
Chrome/Chromium (including Edge, Brave): Largely protected, as Chrome has implemented PNA restrictions for several years and now puts local network access behind a permission prompt. Safari: Hasn't implemented PNA yet, though macOS has some OS-level protections. Firefox: Most vulnerable — hasn't implemented PNA yet, though it's reportedly planned for Firefox 151.
Patches
The issue was fixed as of Anki 25.09.3
References
https://x.com/taviso/status/2051310678800253318
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 25.9.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "aqt"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "25.9.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-59153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-346"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-19T22:10:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-07T22:16:54Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nAnki launches a local HTTP server to serve media files and web pages for parts of its interface. While the server has a CORS setup, requests from other origins were not blocked, allowing malicious websites to potentially trigger side-effecting requests.\n\n## Browser impact\n\nThe severity varies by browser because of Private Network Access (PNA), a newer spec that restricts web pages from making requests to localhost/local network addresses:\n\nChrome/Chromium (including Edge, Brave): Largely protected, as Chrome has implemented PNA restrictions for several years and now puts local network access behind a permission prompt.\nSafari: Hasn\u0027t implemented PNA yet, though macOS has some OS-level protections.\nFirefox: Most vulnerable \u2014 hasn\u0027t implemented PNA yet, though it\u0027s reportedly planned for Firefox 151.\n\n## Patches\n\nThe issue was fixed as of Anki 25.09.3\n\n### References\n\nhttps://x.com/taviso/status/2051310678800253318",
"id": "GHSA-869j-r97x-hx2g",
"modified": "2026-07-15T21:58:57Z",
"published": "2026-06-19T22:10:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki/security/advisories/GHSA-869j-r97x-hx2g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-59153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki/commit/858e5689d0e4fd24f74856c7e8f245412694a219"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ankitects/anki/releases/tag/25.09.3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://x.com/taviso/status/2051310678800253318"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Anki\u0027s local HTTP server does not sufficiently validate requests"
}
No mitigation information available for this CWE.
CAPEC-111: JSON Hijacking (aka JavaScript Hijacking)
An attacker targets a system that uses JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) as a transport mechanism between the client and the server (common in Web 2.0 systems using AJAX) to steal possibly confidential information transmitted from the server back to the client inside the JSON object by taking advantage of the loophole in the browser's Same Origin Policy that does not prohibit JavaScript from one website to be included and executed in the context of another website.
CAPEC-141: Cache Poisoning
An attacker exploits the functionality of cache technologies to cause specific data to be cached that aids the attackers' objectives. This describes any attack whereby an attacker places incorrect or harmful material in cache. The targeted cache can be an application's cache (e.g. a web browser cache) or a public cache (e.g. a DNS or ARP cache). Until the cache is refreshed, most applications or clients will treat the corrupted cache value as valid. This can lead to a wide range of exploits including redirecting web browsers towards sites that install malware and repeatedly incorrect calculations based on the incorrect value.
CAPEC-142: DNS Cache Poisoning
A domain name server translates a domain name (such as www.example.com) into an IP address that Internet hosts use to contact Internet resources. An adversary modifies a public DNS cache to cause certain names to resolve to incorrect addresses that the adversary specifies. The result is that client applications that rely upon the targeted cache for domain name resolution will be directed not to the actual address of the specified domain name but to some other address. Adversaries can use this to herd clients to sites that install malware on the victim's computer or to masquerade as part of a Pharming attack.
CAPEC-160: Exploit Script-Based APIs
Some APIs support scripting instructions as arguments. Methods that take scripted instructions (or references to scripted instructions) can be very flexible and powerful. However, if an attacker can specify the script that serves as input to these methods they can gain access to a great deal of functionality. For example, HTML pages support <script> tags that allow scripting languages to be embedded in the page and then interpreted by the receiving web browser. If the content provider is malicious, these scripts can compromise the client application. Some applications may even execute the scripts under their own identity (rather than the identity of the user providing the script) which can allow attackers to perform activities that would otherwise be denied to them.
CAPEC-21: Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
An adversary guesses, obtains, or "rides" a trusted identifier (e.g. session ID, resource ID, cookie, etc.) to perform authorized actions under the guise of an authenticated user or service.
CAPEC-384: Application API Message Manipulation via Man-in-the-Middle
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages. Performing this attack can allow the attacker to gain unauthorized privileges within the application, or conduct attacks such as phishing, deceptive strategies to spread malware, or traditional web-application attacks. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to perform adversary-in-the-middle (CAPEC-94) communications between the web browser and the remote system. Despite the use of AiTH software, the attack is actually directed at the server, as the client is one node in a series of content brokers that pass information along to the application framework. Additionally, it is not true "Adversary-in-the-Middle" attack at the network layer, but an application-layer attack the root cause of which is the master applications trust in the integrity of code supplied by the client.
CAPEC-385: Transaction or Event Tampering via Application API Manipulation
An attacker hosts or joins an event or transaction within an application framework in order to change the content of messages or items that are being exchanged. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that look authentic but may contain deceptive links, substitute one item or another, spoof an existing item and conduct a false exchange, or otherwise change the amounts or identity of what is being exchanged. The techniques require use of specialized software that allow the attacker to man-in-the-middle communications between the web browser and the remote system in order to change the content of various application elements. Often, items exchanged in game can be monetized via sales for coin, virtual dollars, etc. The purpose of the attack is for the attack to scam the victim by trapping the data packets involved the exchange and altering the integrity of the transfer process.
CAPEC-386: Application API Navigation Remapping
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of links/buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains links/buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination. Some applications make navigation remapping more difficult to detect because the actual HREF values of images, profile elements, and links/buttons are masked. One example would be to place an image in a user's photo gallery that when clicked upon redirected the user to an off-site location. Also, traditional web vulnerabilities (such as CSRF) can be constructed with remapped buttons or links. In some cases navigation remapping can be used for Phishing attacks or even means to artificially boost the page view, user site reputation, or click-fraud.
CAPEC-387: Navigation Remapping To Propagate Malicious Content
An adversary manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the content of messages and thereby circumvent the expected application logic.
CAPEC-388: Application API Button Hijacking
An attacker manipulates either egress or ingress data from a client within an application framework in order to change the destination and/or content of buttons displayed to a user within API messages. Performing this attack allows the attacker to manipulate content in such a way as to produce messages or content that looks authentic but contains buttons that point to an attacker controlled destination.
CAPEC-510: SaaS User Request Forgery
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, performs malicious actions against a third-party Software as a Service (SaaS) application (also known as a cloud based application) by leveraging the persistent and implicit trust placed on a trusted user's session. This attack is executed after a trusted user is authenticated into a cloud service, "piggy-backing" on the authenticated session, and exploiting the fact that the cloud service believes it is only interacting with the trusted user. If successful, the actions embedded in the malicious application will be processed and accepted by the targeted SaaS application and executed at the trusted user's privilege level.
CAPEC-59: Session Credential Falsification through Prediction
This attack targets predictable session ID in order to gain privileges. The attacker can predict the session ID used during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking.
CAPEC-60: Reusing Session IDs (aka Session Replay)
This attack targets the reuse of valid session ID to spoof the target system in order to gain privileges. The attacker tries to reuse a stolen session ID used previously during a transaction to perform spoofing and session hijacking. Another name for this type of attack is Session Replay.
CAPEC-75: Manipulating Writeable Configuration Files
Generally these are manually edited files that are not in the preview of the system administrators, any ability on the attackers' behalf to modify these files, for example in a CVS repository, gives unauthorized access directly to the application, the same as authorized users.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-89: Pharming
A pharming attack occurs when the victim is fooled into entering sensitive data into supposedly trusted locations, such as an online bank site or a trading platform. An attacker can impersonate these supposedly trusted sites and have the victim be directed to their site rather than the originally intended one. Pharming does not require script injection or clicking on malicious links for the attack to succeed.