CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3437 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-XM3P-H74W-HWRQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:00 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:38Computing For Good's Basic Laboratory Information System (also known as C4G BLIS) version 3.5 and earlier suffers from an instance of CWE-284, "Improper Access Control." As a result, an unauthenticated user may enumerate the user names and facility names in use on a particular installation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-5643"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-11-06T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Computing For Good\u0027s Basic Laboratory Information System (also known as C4G BLIS) version 3.5 and earlier suffers from an instance of CWE-284, \"Improper Access Control.\" As a result, an unauthenticated user may enumerate the user names and facility names in use on a particular installation.",
"id": "GHSA-xm3p-h74w-hwrq",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:38:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:00:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-5643"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.rapid7.com/2019/09/10/r7-2019-09-cve-2019-5617-cve-2019-5643-cve-2019-5644-c4g-blis-authentication-and-authorization-vulnerabilities-fixed"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XM76-R88J-VM3G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-27 21:32 – Updated: 2026-06-08 23:54Summary
A Broken Access Control vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve the bcrypt password hash of every administrator account with a single POST request. The /_api/user-collection/create-first-user setup endpoint remains publicly accessible once initial configuration is complete and returns full serialized user data in the JSON response body.
Details
Affected version:
- bcrypt hash exposure: >= 2.0.0-alpha.1, <= 2.0.0-beta.27
- TOTP secret exposure: only 2.0.0-beta.27
Impact
Any Automad installation reachable over HTTP is at risk no prior account, credentials, or special network position are required to exploit this vulnerability.
Potential impacts include:
- Credential hash exposure enabling offline brute-force or dictionary attacks: bcrypt password hashes for every administrator are returned in a single unauthenticated response. While hashes are not plaintext passwords, the salt embedded in the hash is not secret it is visible in the response. Administrators using common or weak passwords are at direct risk of having their plaintext password recovered.
- TOTP secret exposure:
The TOTP secret is included in the response starting with version
2.0.0-beta.27, the first release introducing TOTP-based two-factor authentication. If an attacker successfully recovers a plaintext password, two-factor authentication can be bypassed entirely. Only version2.0.0-beta.27is affected by this specific issue. - Information disclosure: The response discloses the absolute filesystem path to the configuration directory. While the directory structure is publicly documented, the absolute server path may expose environment-specific information.
Remediation
Update to version 2.0.0-beta.28 or later.
This issue was reported privately and fixed prior to public disclosure.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.0-beta.27"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "automad/automad"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.0.0-alpha.1"
},
{
"fixed": "2.0.0-beta.28"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-45332"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-27T21:32:31Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-28T19:16:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\n A Broken Access Control vulnerability allows an unauthenticated attacker to retrieve the bcrypt password hash of every administrator account with a single POST request. The `/_api/user-collection/create-first-user` setup endpoint remains publicly accessible once initial configuration is complete and returns full serialized user data in the JSON response body. \n\n### Details\n\nAffected version: \n - bcrypt hash exposure: `\u003e= 2.0.0-alpha.1, \u003c= 2.0.0-beta.27`\n - TOTP secret exposure: only `2.0.0-beta.27`\n\n### Impact\n\nAny Automad installation reachable over HTTP is at risk no prior account, credentials, or special network position are required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nPotential impacts include:\n\n- **Credential hash exposure enabling offline brute-force or dictionary attacks:** \n bcrypt password hashes for every administrator are returned in a single unauthenticated response. While hashes are not plaintext passwords, the salt embedded in the hash is not secret it is visible in the response. Administrators using common or weak passwords are at direct risk of having their plaintext password recovered.\n- **TOTP secret exposure:** \n The TOTP secret is included in the response starting with version `2.0.0-beta.27`, the first release introducing TOTP-based two-factor authentication. If an attacker successfully recovers a plaintext password, two-factor authentication can be bypassed entirely. *Only version `2.0.0-beta.27` is affected by this specific issue.* \n- **Information disclosure:** \n The response discloses the absolute filesystem path to the configuration directory. While the directory structure is publicly documented, the absolute server path may expose environment-specific information.\n\n## Remediation\n\nUpdate to version 2.0.0-beta.28 or later.\n\nThis issue was reported privately and fixed prior to public disclosure.",
"id": "GHSA-xm76-r88j-vm3g",
"modified": "2026-06-08T23:54:47Z",
"published": "2026-05-27T21:32:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/marcantondahmen/automad/security/advisories/GHSA-xm76-r88j-vm3g"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45332"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/marcantondahmen/automad"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Automad has Broken Access Control: Unauthenticated exposure of administrator bcrypt password hashes and TOTP secrets via public API endpoint"
}
GHSA-XM7Q-PMPG-2FGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36Version 1.3.0 of the Weave Cloud Agent Docker image contains a blank password for the root user. Systems deployed using affected versions of the Weave Cloud Agent container may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35464"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-15T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Version 1.3.0 of the Weave Cloud Agent Docker image contains a blank password for the root user. Systems deployed using affected versions of the Weave Cloud Agent container may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.",
"id": "GHSA-xm7q-pmpg-2fgh",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35464"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/donghyunlee00/CVE/blob/main/CVE-2020-35464"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XM89-VXJX-JVCG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-11-30 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-22 00:32Zoho ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus before 11306, ServiceDesk Plus MSP before 10530, and SupportCenter Plus before 11014 are vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution. This is related to /RestAPI URLs in a servlet, and ImportTechnicians in the Struts configuration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-44077"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-11-29T04:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Zoho ManageEngine ServiceDesk Plus before 11306, ServiceDesk Plus MSP before 10530, and SupportCenter Plus before 11014 are vulnerable to unauthenticated remote code execution. This is related to /RestAPI URLs in a servlet, and ImportTechnicians in the Struts configuration.",
"id": "GHSA-xm89-vxjx-jvcg",
"modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:26Z",
"published": "2021-11-30T00:00:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-44077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pitstop.manageengine.com/portal/en/community/topic/security-advisory-authentication-bypass-vulnerability-in-servicedesk-plus-versions-11138-and-above"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pitstop.manageengine.com/portal/en/community/topic/security-advisory-for-cve-2021-44077-unauthenticated-rce-vulnerability-in-servicedesk-plus-msp-versions-10527-till-10529"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pitstop.manageengine.com/portal/en/community/topic/security-advisory-for-cve-2021-44077-unauthenticated-rce-vulnerability-in-servicedesk-plus-versions-up-to-11305-22-11-2021"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pitstop.manageengine.com/portal/en/community/topic/security-advisory-for-cve-2021-44077-unauthenticated-rce-vulnerability-in-supportcenter-plus-versions-11012-and-11013"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-44077"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/165400/ManageEngine-ServiceDesk-Plus-Remote-Code-Execution.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XMF5-4WMV-38V8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-24 09:30 – Updated: 2025-09-24 09:30The web application allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to learn information about existing user accounts with their corresponding role due to missing authentication for critical function.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41716"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-24T09:15:31Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The web application allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to learn information about existing user accounts with their corresponding role due to missing authentication for critical function.",
"id": "GHSA-xmf5-4wmv-38v8",
"modified": "2025-09-24T09:30:20Z",
"published": "2025-09-24T09:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2025-087"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XMMQ-JPX2-43PX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:42 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:42Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Application Services Engine could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain privileged access to host-level operations or to learn device-specific information, create diagnostic files, and make limited configuration changes. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-1396"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-02-24T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Multiple vulnerabilities in Cisco Application Services Engine could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to gain privileged access to host-level operations or to learn device-specific information, create diagnostic files, and make limited configuration changes. For more information about these vulnerabilities, see the Details section of this advisory.",
"id": "GHSA-xmmq-jpx2-43px",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:42:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:42:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-1396"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-case-mvuln-dYrDPC6w"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-XP5G-V8FX-97MV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:59 – Updated: 2024-09-10 18:30An issue was discovered on Mitsubishi Electric ME-RTU devices through 2.02 and INEA ME-RTU devices through 3.0. An unauthenticated remote configuration download vulnerability allows an attacker to download the smartRTU's configuration file (which contains data such as usernames, passwords, and other sensitive RTU data).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14927"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-28T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Mitsubishi Electric ME-RTU devices through 2.02 and INEA ME-RTU devices through 3.0. An unauthenticated remote configuration download vulnerability allows an attacker to download the smartRTU\u0027s configuration file (which contains data such as usernames, passwords, and other sensitive RTU data).",
"id": "GHSA-xp5g-v8fx-97mv",
"modified": "2024-09-10T18:30:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:59:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14927"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mogozobo.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mogozobo.com/?p=3593"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPFV-8844-2C69
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-12 09:30 – Updated: 2025-08-12 09:30A low-privileged local attacker can exploit improper permissions on nssm.exe to escalate their privileges and gain administrative access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-41686"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-08-12T08:15:26Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A low-privileged local attacker can exploit improper permissions on nssm.exe to escalate their privileges and gain administrative access.",
"id": "GHSA-xpfv-8844-2c69",
"modified": "2025-08-12T09:30:31Z",
"published": "2025-08-12T09:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-41686"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://certvde.com/de/advisories/VDE-2025-063"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-XPG8-8XPV-948P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-14 09:30 – Updated: 2025-11-17 13:41Mattermost versions < 11 fail to enforce multi-factor authentication on WebSocket connections which allows unauthenticated users to access sensitive information via WebSocket events.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/mattermost/mattermost/server/v8"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.0-20250912063506-7d8b7b5e4a60"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-55070"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-17T13:41:39Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-14T08:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Mattermost versions \u003c 11 fail to enforce multi-factor authentication on WebSocket connections which allows unauthenticated users to access sensitive information via WebSocket events.",
"id": "GHSA-xpg8-8xpv-948p",
"modified": "2025-11-17T13:41:39Z",
"published": "2025-11-14T09:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-55070"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost/commit/7d8b7b5e4a6076b2f7c87606883c417f9a610df5"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/mattermost/mattermost"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mattermost.com/security-updates"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Mattermost does not enforce MFA on WebSocket connections"
}
GHSA-XPP6-CM2V-HMMG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:36The official sonarqube docker images before alpine (Alpine specific) contain a blank password for a root user. System using the sonarqube docker container deployed by affected versions of the docker image may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-35193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-16T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The official sonarqube docker images before alpine (Alpine specific) contain a blank password for a root user. System using the sonarqube docker container deployed by affected versions of the docker image may allow a remote attacker to achieve root access with a blank password.",
"id": "GHSA-xpp6-cm2v-hmmg",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:36:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-35193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/koharin/koharin2/blob/main/CVE-2020-35193"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.