CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3467 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-GFC8-6QCC-3MVM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-16 15:32 – Updated: 2025-10-21 12:31BIG-IP monitor functionality may allow an attacker to bypass access control restrictions, regardless of the port lockdown settings. Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45844"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-16T15:15:16Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "BIG-IP monitor functionality may allow an attacker to bypass access control restrictions, regardless of the port lockdown settings.\u00a0 Note: Software versions which have reached End of Technical Support (EoTS) are not evaluated.",
"id": "GHSA-gfc8-6qcc-3mvm",
"modified": "2025-10-21T12:31:20Z",
"published": "2024-10-16T15:32:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45844"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://my.f5.com/manage/s/article/K000140061"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://offsec.almond.consulting/privilege-escalation-f5-CVE-2024-45844.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFGH-QXJ6-4755
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-03-17 00:00 – Updated: 2022-03-29 00:01When connecting to a certain port Axeda agent (All versions) and Axeda Desktop Server for Windows (All versions) may allow an attacker to send a certain command to a specific port without authentication. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to shut down a specific service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-25250"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-03-16T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When connecting to a certain port Axeda agent (All versions) and Axeda Desktop Server for Windows (All versions) may allow an attacker to send a certain command to a specific port without authentication. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to shut down a specific service.",
"id": "GHSA-gfgh-qxj6-4755",
"modified": "2022-03-29T00:01:39Z",
"published": "2022-03-17T00:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-25250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-067-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.ptc.com/en/support/article/CS363561"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GFMV-VH34-H2X5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-03 21:42 – Updated: 2026-04-06 23:13Summary
The SignalK Server exposes an unauthenticated HTTP endpoint that allows remote attackers to modify navigation data source priorities. This endpoint, accessible via PUT /signalk/v1/api/sourcePriorities, does not enforce authentication or authorization checks and directly assigns user-controlled input to the server configuration.
As a result, attackers can influence which GPS, AIS, or other sensor data sources are trusted by the system. The changes are immediately applied and persisted to disk, allowing the manipulation to survive server restarts.
Affected Component
- File:
src/serverroutes.ts - Endpoint:
PUT /signalk/v1/api/sourcePriorities(also accessible at/skServer/sourcePriorities) - Lines: 1064-1076
- Function: Source priorities configuration handler
Vulnerable Code
// src/serverroutes.ts - Lines 1064-1076
app.put(
`${SERVERROUTESPREFIX}/sourcePriorities`,
(req: Request, res: Response) => {
app.config.settings.sourcePriorities = req.body
app.activateSourcePriorities()
writeSettingsFile(app, app.config.settings, (err: any) => {
if (err) {
res
.status(500)
.send('Unable to save to sourcePrefences in settings file')
} else {
res.json({ result: 'ok' })
}
})
}
)
Vulnerability Characteristics
Missing Authentication: The endpoint has zero authentication middleware, allowing unauthenticated access from any network-adjacent attacker.
Direct Configuration Assignment: User-supplied request body is directly assigned to app.config.settings.sourcePriorities without validation or sanitization.
Persistent Storage: Malicious configuration is written to disk via writeSettingsFile(), ensuring changes survive server restarts. Live Configuration Update: Changes take effect immediately via activateSourcePriorities(), affecting live navigation data processing.
No Input Validation: No JSON schema validation, type checking, or field allowlisting is performed on the request body.
Impact
- Navigation Data Manipulation: Attackers can modify source priorities to change which existing, active source's data is being used
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "signalk-server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.24.0-beta.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-33951"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-03T21:42:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-02T17:16:23Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nThe SignalK Server exposes an unauthenticated HTTP endpoint that allows remote attackers to modify navigation data source priorities. This endpoint, accessible via `PUT /signalk/v1/api/sourcePriorities`, does not enforce authentication or authorization checks and directly assigns user-controlled input to the server configuration.\n\nAs a result, attackers can influence which GPS, AIS, or other sensor data sources are trusted by the system. The changes are immediately applied and persisted to disk, allowing the manipulation to survive server restarts.\n\n### Affected Component\n- **File**: `src/serverroutes.ts`\n- **Endpoint**: `PUT /signalk/v1/api/sourcePriorities` (also accessible at `/skServer/sourcePriorities`)\n- **Lines**: 1064-1076\n- **Function**: Source priorities configuration handler\n\n### Vulnerable Code\n\n```typescript\n// src/serverroutes.ts - Lines 1064-1076\napp.put(\n `${SERVERROUTESPREFIX}/sourcePriorities`,\n (req: Request, res: Response) =\u003e {\n app.config.settings.sourcePriorities = req.body\n app.activateSourcePriorities()\n writeSettingsFile(app, app.config.settings, (err: any) =\u003e {\n if (err) {\n res\n .status(500)\n .send(\u0027Unable to save to sourcePrefences in settings file\u0027)\n } else {\n res.json({ result: \u0027ok\u0027 })\n }\n })\n }\n)\n```\n## Vulnerability Characteristics\n\n**Missing Authentication**: The endpoint has zero authentication middleware, allowing unauthenticated access from any network-adjacent attacker.\n\n**Direct Configuration Assignment**: User-supplied request body is directly assigned to app.config.settings.sourcePriorities without validation or sanitization.\n\n**Persistent Storage**: Malicious configuration is written to disk via writeSettingsFile(), ensuring changes survive server restarts.\n**Live Configuration Update**: Changes take effect immediately via activateSourcePriorities(), affecting live navigation data processing.\n\n**No Input Validation**: No JSON schema validation, type checking, or field allowlisting is performed on the request body.\n\n## Impact\n- **Navigation Data Manipulation**: Attackers can modify source priorities to change which existing, active source\u0027s data is being used",
"id": "GHSA-gfmv-vh34-h2x5",
"modified": "2026-04-06T23:13:11Z",
"published": "2026-04-03T21:42:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/security/advisories/GHSA-gfmv-vh34-h2x5"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33951"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/SignalK/signalk-server/releases/tag/v2.24.0-beta.1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Signal K Server: Unauthenticated Source Priorities Manipulation "
}
GHSA-GFVG-Q74F-527Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-09 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-09 18:31The Ruckus vRIoT IoT Controller firmware versions prior to 3.0.0.0 (GA) expose a command execution service on TCP port 2004 running with root privileges. Authentication to this service relies on a hardcoded Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) secret and an embedded static token. An attacker who extracts these credentials from the appliance or a compromised device can generate valid authentication tokens and execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges, resulting in complete system compromise.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-69425"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-09T17:15:53Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Ruckus vRIoT IoT Controller\u00a0firmware versions prior to 3.0.0.0 (GA) expose a command execution service on TCP port 2004 running with root privileges. Authentication to this service relies on a hardcoded Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) secret and an embedded static token. An attacker who extracts these credentials from the appliance or a compromised device can generate valid authentication tokens and execute arbitrary OS commands with root privileges, resulting in complete system compromise.",
"id": "GHSA-gfvg-q74f-527q",
"modified": "2026-01-09T18:31:37Z",
"published": "2026-01-09T18:31:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-69425"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.ruckuswireless.com/security_bulletins/336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/ruckus-vriot-iot-controller-hardcoded-tokens-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GG5H-M9WX-57XR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-15 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-15 00:30General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway is missing critical authentication in the embedded web server which could allow an attacker to remotely reset the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-58083"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-15T00:15:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "General Industrial Controls Lynx+ Gateway\u00a0\n is missing critical authentication in the embedded web server which could allow an attacker to remotely reset the device.",
"id": "GHSA-gg5h-m9wx-57xr",
"modified": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-11-15T00:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-58083"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2025/icsa-25-317-08.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-25-317-08"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GG6G-G3QR-GP67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-17 03:30 – Updated: 2022-11-21 18:30An issue was discovered in BACKCLICK Professional 5.9.63. Due to an exposed internal communications interface, it is possible to execute arbitrary system commands on the server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-44000"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-16T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in BACKCLICK Professional 5.9.63. Due to an exposed internal communications interface, it is possible to execute arbitrary system commands on the server.",
"id": "GHSA-gg6g-g3qr-gp67",
"modified": "2022-11-21T18:30:37Z",
"published": "2022-11-17T03:30:50Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-44000"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/fileadmin/dokumente/Publikationen/Advisories/SYSS-2022-032.txt"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.syss.de/pentest-blog/vielfaeltige-schwachstellen-in-backclick-professional-syss-2022-026-bis-037"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GGM5-8RM7-3JGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-17 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-17 18:31Open Event Server through 1.19.1 contains a missing authentication vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to export the complete member roster of any group, including email addresses, names, join dates, and roles, by submitting requests to the group followers CSV export endpoint which lacks any authentication decorator. Attackers can enumerate sequential group IDs via brute-force, trigger an export via the unauthenticated POST endpoint, then poll the unauthenticated task status endpoint until completion to retrieve a download URL containing the full member CSV.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-63101"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-17T17:17:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Open Event Server through 1.19.1 contains a missing authentication vulnerability that allows unauthenticated attackers to export the complete member roster of any group, including email addresses, names, join dates, and roles, by submitting requests to the group followers CSV export endpoint which lacks any authentication decorator. Attackers can enumerate sequential group IDs via brute-force, trigger an export via the unauthenticated POST endpoint, then poll the unauthenticated task status endpoint until completion to retrieve a download URL containing the full member CSV.",
"id": "GHSA-ggm5-8rm7-3jgc",
"modified": "2026-07-17T18:31:27Z",
"published": "2026-07-17T18:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-63101"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/geo-chen/oss/blob/main/open-event-server.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/open-event-server-unauthenticated-member-roster-export-via-csv-export-endpoint"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-GGQX-C747-H3G6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-19 00:00 – Updated: 2025-10-17 21:31All FLIR AX8 thermal sensor cameras version up to and including 1.46.16 are affected by an insecure design vulnerability due to an improper directory access restriction. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this by sending a URI that contains the path of the SQLite users database and download it. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to extract usernames and hashed passwords.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-37062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-18T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "All FLIR AX8 thermal sensor cameras version up to and including 1.46.16 are affected by an insecure design vulnerability due to an improper directory access restriction. An unauthenticated, remote attacker can exploit this by sending a URI that contains the path of the SQLite users database and download it. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to extract usernames and hashed passwords.",
"id": "GHSA-ggqx-c747-h3g6",
"modified": "2025-10-17T21:31:17Z",
"published": "2022-08-19T00:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-37062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/Nwqda/9e16852ab7827dc62b8e44d6180a6899"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.flir.com/products/ax8-automation"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/168116/FLIR-AX8-1.46.16-Traversal-Access-Control-Command-Injection-XSS.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GH74-F566-4J95
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-28 06:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:13Saho’s attendance devices ADM100 and ADM-100FP have insufficient authentication. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to bypass authentication to read system information and operate user's data, but can’t control system or disrupt service.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-38028"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-28T05:15:07Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "\nSaho\u2019s attendance devices ADM100 and ADM-100FP have insufficient authentication. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this vulnerability to bypass authentication to read system information and operate user\u0027s data, but can\u2019t control system or disrupt service.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-gh74-f566-4j95",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:13:58Z",
"published": "2023-08-28T06:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-38028"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-7335-d300a-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-GH78-6HQ3-F87P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:58 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:28A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker read tcpdump files generated on an affected device. The vulnerability is due an issue in the authentication logic of the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read a tcpdump file generated with a particular naming scheme.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-15282"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-10-16T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker read tcpdump files generated on an affected device. The vulnerability is due an issue in the authentication logic of the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read a tcpdump file generated with a particular naming scheme.",
"id": "GHSA-gh78-6hq3-f87p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:28:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:58:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-15282"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-20191016-ise-infodis"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.