CWE-306
AllowedMissing Authentication for Critical Function
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not perform any authentication for functionality that requires a provable user identity or consumes a significant amount of resources.
3494 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-925V-VC5J-FMVG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-26 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 04:21The reminder module lacks an authentication mechanism for broadcasts received. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-0116"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-26T17:15:13Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The reminder module lacks an authentication mechanism for broadcasts received. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.",
"id": "GHSA-925v-vc5j-fmvg",
"modified": "2024-04-04T04:21:06Z",
"published": "2023-05-26T18:30:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-0116"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2023/5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-926Q-P427-PGCJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:30WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling attackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate data sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station identifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger. Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege escalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and corruption of charging network data reported to the backend.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20781"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T00:16:55Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling \nattackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate \ndata sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the\n OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station \nidentifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger.\n Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege \nescalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and \ncorruption of charging network data reported to the backend.",
"id": "GHSA-926q-p427-pgcj",
"modified": "2026-03-05T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2026-02-27T00:31:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20781"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cloudcharge.tech/support/contact"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-057-03.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-057-03"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-92GG-MQGX-HQG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-17 09:31 – Updated: 2026-03-17 09:31GCB/FCB Audit Software developed by DrangSoft has a Missing Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to directly access certain APIs to create a new administrative account.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-4312"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-17T08:15:57Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "GCB/FCB Audit Software developed by DrangSoft has a Missing Authentication vulnerability, allowing unauthenticated remote attackers to directly access certain APIs to create a new administrative account.",
"id": "GHSA-92gg-mqgx-hqg4",
"modified": "2026-03-17T09:31:28Z",
"published": "2026-03-17T09:31:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-4312"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/en/cp-139-10785-2cafe-2.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.twcert.org.tw/tw/cp-132-10784-4f67d-1.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-92JP-89MQ-4374
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-17 20:08 – Updated: 2026-04-17 20:08Summary
Sandbox noVNC helper route exposed interactive browser session credentials.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw - Ecosystem: npm
- Affected versions:
>= 2026.2.21 < 2026.4.10 - Patched versions:
>= 2026.4.10
Impact
The sandbox noVNC helper route could be reached without the intended bridge authentication, exposing an interactive browser session surface.
Technical Details
The fix gates the sandbox noVNC helper route behind bridge authentication.
Fix
The issue was fixed in #63882. The first stable tag containing the fix is v2026.4.10, and openclaw@2026.4.14 includes the fix.
Fix Commit(s)
8dfbf3268bd224b7377d1ecca77a445100746085- PR: #63882
Release Process Note
Users should upgrade to openclaw 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, 2026.4.14, already includes the fix.
Credits
Thanks to @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2026.2.21"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.4.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-17T20:08:01Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\nSandbox noVNC helper route exposed interactive browser session credentials.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n\n- Package: `openclaw`\n- Ecosystem: npm\n- Affected versions: `\u003e= 2026.2.21 \u003c 2026.4.10`\n- Patched versions: `\u003e= 2026.4.10`\n\n## Impact\n\nThe sandbox noVNC helper route could be reached without the intended bridge authentication, exposing an interactive browser session surface.\n\n## Technical Details\n\nThe fix gates the sandbox noVNC helper route behind bridge authentication.\n\n## Fix\n\nThe issue was fixed in #63882. The first stable tag containing the fix is `v2026.4.10`, and `openclaw@2026.4.14` includes the fix.\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n\n- `8dfbf3268bd224b7377d1ecca77a445100746085`\n- PR: #63882\n\n## Release Process Note\n\nUsers should upgrade to `openclaw` 2026.4.10 or newer. The latest npm release, `2026.4.14`, already includes the fix.\n\n## Credits\n\nThanks to @zsxsoft, with sponsorship from @KeenSecurityLab and @qclawer for reporting this issue.",
"id": "GHSA-92jp-89mq-4374",
"modified": "2026-04-17T20:08:01Z",
"published": "2026-04-17T20:08:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-92jp-89mq-4374"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/pull/63882"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/8dfbf3268bd224b7377d1ecca77a445100746085"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Sandbox noVNC helper route exposed interactive browser session credentials"
}
GHSA-92WV-Q3G7-82CP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-14 15:31 – Updated: 2025-10-29 18:30Multiple Broken Authentication security issues exist in the affected product. The security issues are due to missing authentication checks on critical functions. These could result in potential denial-of-service, admin account takeover, or NAT rule modifications. Devices would no longer be able to communicate through NATR as a result of denial-of-service or NAT rule modifications. NAT rule modification could also result in device communication to incorrect endpoints. Admin account takeover could allow modification of configuration and require physical access to restore.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7328"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-14T13:15:38Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Multiple Broken Authentication security issues exist in the affected product. The security issues are due to missing authentication checks on critical functions. These could result in potential denial-of-service, admin account takeover, or NAT rule modifications. Devices would no longer be able to communicate through NATR as a result of denial-of-service or NAT rule modifications. NAT rule modification could also result in device communication to incorrect endpoints. Admin account takeover could allow modification of configuration and require physical access to restore.",
"id": "GHSA-92wv-q3g7-82cp",
"modified": "2025-10-29T18:30:32Z",
"published": "2025-10-14T15:31:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7328"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.rockwellautomation.com/en-us/trust-center/security-advisories/advisory.SD1756.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-92XM-H2VG-5W9X
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 15:30 – Updated: 2026-03-16 15:30Serviio PRO 1.8 contains an improper access control vulnerability in the Configuration REST API that allows unauthenticated attackers to change the mediabrowser login password. Attackers can send specially crafted requests to the REST API endpoints to modify credentials without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-20220"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T14:17:51Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Serviio PRO 1.8 contains an improper access control vulnerability in the Configuration REST API that allows unauthenticated attackers to change the mediabrowser login password. Attackers can send specially crafted requests to the REST API endpoints to modify credentials without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-92xm-h2vg-5w9x",
"modified": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T15:30:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-20220"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3094"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cxsecurity.com/issue/WLB-2017050025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/125645"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://packetstormsecurity.com/files/142386"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/41960"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/serviio-pro-unauthenticated-password-change-via-rest-api"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zeroscience.mk/en/vulnerabilities/ZSL-2017-5407.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitylab.ru/poc/486047.php"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9348-37VP-F2H3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-02-27 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-05 21:30WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling attackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate data sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station identifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger. Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege escalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and corruption of charging network data reported to the backend.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25851"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-27T00:16:57Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "WebSocket endpoints lack proper authentication mechanisms, enabling \nattackers to perform unauthorized station impersonation and manipulate \ndata sent to the backend. An unauthenticated attacker can connect to the\n OCPP WebSocket endpoint using a known or discovered charging station \nidentifier, then issue or receive OCPP commands as a legitimate charger.\n Given that no authentication is required, this can lead to privilege \nescalation, unauthorized control of charging infrastructure, and \ncorruption of charging network data reported to the backend.",
"id": "GHSA-9348-37vp-f2h3",
"modified": "2026-03-05T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-02-27T00:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25851"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chargemap.com/en-us/support"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/cisagov/CSAF/blob/develop/csaf_files/OT/white/2026/icsa-26-057-05.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/ics-advisories/icsa-26-057-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-93CJ-P8XR-QGHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-11-09 12:00 – Updated: 2022-11-09 19:02ZKTeco BioTime 8.5.4 is missing authentication on folders containing employee photos, allowing an attacker to view them through filename enumeration.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-30515"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-11-08T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "ZKTeco BioTime 8.5.4 is missing authentication on folders containing employee photos, allowing an attacker to view them through filename enumeration.",
"id": "GHSA-93cj-p8xr-qghp",
"modified": "2022-11-09T19:02:23Z",
"published": "2022-11-09T12:00:21Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-30515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://codingkoala.eu/posts/CVE202230515"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zkteco.me/software-5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-93J9-WF3J-VJHH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-23 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-30 00:00Under certain circumstances an unauthenticated user could access the the web API for Metasys ADS/ADX/OAS 10 versions prior to 10.1.6 and 11 versions prior to 11.0.2 and enumerate users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-36200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-22T15:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Under certain circumstances an unauthenticated user could access the the web API for Metasys ADS/ADX/OAS 10 versions prior to 10.1.6 and 11 versions prior to 11.0.2 and enumerate users.",
"id": "GHSA-93j9-wf3j-vjhh",
"modified": "2022-07-30T00:00:18Z",
"published": "2022-07-23T00:00:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-36200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-202-02"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.johnsoncontrols.com/cyber-solutions/security-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-93WV-9XC2-Q2RQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-15 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-20 21:30An unauthenticated remote command execution vulnerability exists in Samsung WLAN AP WEA453e firmware prior to version 5.2.4.T1 via improper input validation in the “Tech Support” diagnostic functionality. The command1 and command2 POST or GET parameters accept arbitrary shell commands that are executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a request that injects shell commands to create output files in writable directories and then access their contents via the download endpoint. This flaw allows complete compromise of the device without authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-34068"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-20",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-15T13:15:29Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An unauthenticated remote command execution vulnerability exists in Samsung WLAN AP WEA453e firmware prior to version 5.2.4.T1 via improper input validation in the \u201cTech Support\u201d diagnostic functionality. The command1 and command2 POST or GET parameters accept arbitrary shell commands that are executed with root privileges on the underlying operating system. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a request that injects shell commands to create output files in writable directories\u00a0and then access their contents via the download endpoint. This flaw allows complete compromise of the device without authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-93wv-9xc2-q2rq",
"modified": "2025-11-20T21:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-07-15T15:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-34068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/encyclopedia/ips/57323"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://omriinbar.medium.com/samsung-wlan-ap-wea453e-vulnerabilities-7aa4a57d4dba"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://s4e.io/tools/samsung-wlan-ap-remote-code-execution"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.samsung.com/us/business/support/owners/product/400-series-wea453"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/samsung-wlan-ap-wea453e-unauthenticated-rce"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation
- Divide the software into anonymous, normal, privileged, and administrative areas. Identify which of these areas require a proven user identity, and use a centralized authentication capability.
- Identify all potential communication channels, or other means of interaction with the software, to ensure that all channels are appropriately protected, including those channels that are assumed to be accessible only by authorized parties. Developers sometimes perform authentication at the primary channel, but open up a secondary channel that is assumed to be private. For example, a login mechanism may be listening on one network port, but after successful authentication, it may open up a second port where it waits for the connection, but avoids authentication because it assumes that only the authenticated party will connect to the port.
- In general, if the software or protocol allows a single session or user state to persist across multiple connections or channels, authentication and appropriate credential management need to be used throughout.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation
- Where possible, avoid implementing custom, "grow-your-own" authentication routines and consider using authentication capabilities as provided by the surrounding framework, operating system, or environment. These capabilities may avoid common weaknesses that are unique to authentication; support automatic auditing and tracking; and make it easier to provide a clear separation between authentication tasks and authorization tasks.
- In environments such as the World Wide Web, the line between authentication and authorization is sometimes blurred. If custom authentication routines are required instead of those provided by the server, then these routines must be applied to every single page, since these pages could be requested directly.
Mitigation MIT-4.5
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
- Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
- For example, consider using libraries with authentication capabilities such as OpenSSL or the ESAPI Authenticator [REF-45].
Mitigation
When storing data in the cloud (e.g., S3 buckets, Azure blobs, Google Cloud Storage, etc.), use the provider's controls to require strong authentication for users who should be allowed to access the data [REF-1297] [REF-1298] [REF-1302].
CAPEC-12: Choosing Message Identifier
This pattern of attack is defined by the selection of messages distributed via multicast or public information channels that are intended for another client by determining the parameter value assigned to that client. This attack allows the adversary to gain access to potentially privileged information, and to possibly perpetrate other attacks through the distribution means by impersonation. If the channel/message being manipulated is an input rather than output mechanism for the system, (such as a command bus), this style of attack could be used to change the adversary's identifier to more a privileged one.
CAPEC-166: Force the System to Reset Values
An attacker forces the target into a previous state in order to leverage potential weaknesses in the target dependent upon a prior configuration or state-dependent factors. Even in cases where an attacker may not be able to directly control the configuration of the targeted application, they may be able to reset the configuration to a prior state since many applications implement reset functions.
CAPEC-216: Communication Channel Manipulation
An adversary manipulates a setting or parameter on communications channel in order to compromise its security. This can result in information exposure, insertion/removal of information from the communications stream, and/or potentially system compromise.
CAPEC-36: Using Unpublished Interfaces or Functionality
An adversary searches for and invokes interfaces or functionality that the target system designers did not intend to be publicly available. If interfaces fail to authenticate requests, the attacker may be able to invoke functionality they are not authorized for.
CAPEC-62: Cross Site Request Forgery
An attacker crafts malicious web links and distributes them (via web pages, email, etc.), typically in a targeted manner, hoping to induce users to click on the link and execute the malicious action against some third-party application. If successful, the action embedded in the malicious link will be processed and accepted by the targeted application with the users' privilege level. This type of attack leverages the persistence and implicit trust placed in user session cookies by many web applications today. In such an architecture, once the user authenticates to an application and a session cookie is created on the user's system, all following transactions for that session are authenticated using that cookie including potential actions initiated by an attacker and simply "riding" the existing session cookie.