CWE-295
AllowedImproper Certificate Validation
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.
1917 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-98X5-JW98-6C97
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 19:28 – Updated: 2025-09-26 16:16Impact
The Manager disables TLS certificate verification in two HTTP clients (figures 3.1 and 3.2). The clients are not configurable, so users have no way to re-enable the verification.
func getAuthToken(ctx context.Context, header http.Header) (string, error) { [skipped]
client := &http.Client{
Timeout: defaultHTTPRequesttimeout,
Transport: &http.Transport{
TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},
},
}
[skipped]
}
A Manager processes dozens of preheat jobs. An adversary performs a network-level Man-in-the-Middle attack, providing invalid data to the Manager. The Manager preheats with the wrong data, which later causes a denial of service and file integrity problems.
Patches
- Dragonfy v2.1.0 and above.
Workarounds
There are no effective workarounds, beyond upgrading.
References
A third party security audit was performed by Trail of Bits, you can see the full report.
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "d7y.io/dragonfly/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-59347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-09-17T19:28:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T20:15:36Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\nThe Manager disables TLS certificate verification in two HTTP clients (figures 3.1 and 3.2). The clients are not configurable, so users have no way to re-enable the verification.\n\n```golang\nfunc getAuthToken(ctx context.Context, header http.Header) (string, error) { [skipped]\n client := \u0026http.Client{\n Timeout: defaultHTTPRequesttimeout,\n Transport: \u0026http.Transport{\n TLSClientConfig: \u0026tls.Config{InsecureSkipVerify: true},\n },\n}\n[skipped]\n}\n```\n\nA Manager processes dozens of preheat jobs. An adversary performs a network-level Man-in-the-Middle attack, providing invalid data to the Manager. The Manager preheats with the wrong data, which later causes a denial of service and file integrity problems.\n\n### Patches\n\n- Dragonfy v2.1.0 and above.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nThere are no effective workarounds, beyond upgrading.\n\n### References\n\nA third party security audit was performed by Trail of Bits, you can see the [full report](https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/main/docs/security/dragonfly-comprehensive-report-2023.pdf).\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, please email us at [dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com](mailto:dragonfly-maintainers@googlegroups.com).",
"id": "GHSA-98x5-jw98-6c97",
"modified": "2025-09-26T16:16:47Z",
"published": "2025-09-17T19:28:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/security/advisories/GHSA-98x5-jw98-6c97"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59347"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dragonflyoss/dragonfly/blob/main/docs/security/dragonfly-comprehensive-report-2023.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-3966"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Dragonfly\u0027s manager makes requests to external endpoints with disabled TLS authentication"
}
GHSA-9973-9X4H-PFGX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-07 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-22 18:50An improper certificate validation vulnerability has been reported to affect Helpdesk. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to compromise the security of the system.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version: Helpdesk 3.3.3 and later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-50394"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-07T17:15:19Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An improper certificate validation vulnerability has been reported to affect Helpdesk. If exploited, the vulnerability could allow remote attackers to compromise the security of the system.\n\nWe have already fixed the vulnerability in the following version:\nHelpdesk 3.3.3 and later",
"id": "GHSA-9973-9x4h-pfgx",
"modified": "2026-01-22T18:50:52Z",
"published": "2025-03-07T18:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-50394"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qnap.com/en/security-advisory/qsa-25-05"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-99CF-X4R7-CFG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-11 00:31 – Updated: 2026-03-11 00:31Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30307, 24.001.30308, 25.001.21265 and earlier are affected by an Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to spoof the identity of a signer. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27221"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-10T22:16:18Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Acrobat Reader versions 24.001.30307, 24.001.30308, 25.001.21265 and earlier are affected by an Improper Certificate Validation vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to spoof the identity of a signer. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-99cf-x4r7-cfg6",
"modified": "2026-03-11T00:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-03-11T00:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb26-26.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99F7-M726-289J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-09-26 15:30 – Updated: 2024-09-26 15:30The HCL Traveler for Microsoft Outlook executable (HTMO.exe) is being flagged as potentially Malicious Software or an Unrecognized Application.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-30134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-09-26T15:15:17Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The HCL Traveler for Microsoft Outlook executable (HTMO.exe) is being flagged as potentially Malicious Software or an Unrecognized Application.",
"id": "GHSA-99f7-m726-289j",
"modified": "2024-09-26T15:30:44Z",
"published": "2024-09-26T15:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-30134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hcltechsw.com/csm?id=kb_article\u0026sysparm_article=KB0114723"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99PH-C47H-7PF8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-14 21:30An issue in the native clients for Amazon WorkSpaces, Amazon AppStream 2.0, and Amazon DCV Clients may allow an attacker to access remote sessions via man-in-the-middle.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-0500"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-01-15T19:15:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in the native clients for Amazon WorkSpaces, Amazon AppStream 2.0, and Amazon DCV Clients may allow an attacker to access remote sessions via man-in-the-middle.",
"id": "GHSA-99ph-c47h-7pf8",
"modified": "2025-10-14T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2025-01-15T21:31:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0500"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/AWS-2025-001"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/appstream2/latest/developerguide/client-release-versions.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/dcv/latest/adminguide/doc-history-release-notes.html#dcv-2023-1-16388jul"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/userguide/amazon-workspaces-linux-client.html#linux-release-notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/userguide/amazon-workspaces-osx-client.html#osx-release-notes"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.aws.amazon.com/workspaces/latest/userguide/amazon-workspaces-windows-client.html#windows-release-notes"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9C3C-227Q-3J67
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-25 21:31 – Updated: 2026-06-27 21:30X.509 name constraint bypass via the Subject Common Name when treated as a DNS-type name. A certificate whose Subject CN violates an issuing CA's DNS name constraints could be accepted.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-6731"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-25T21:16:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "X.509 name constraint bypass via the Subject Common Name when treated as a DNS-type name. A certificate whose Subject CN violates an issuing CA\u0027s DNS name constraints could be accepted.",
"id": "GHSA-9c3c-227q-3j67",
"modified": "2026-06-27T21:30:27Z",
"published": "2026-06-25T21:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-6731"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssl/pull/10223"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wolfssl.com/docs/security-vulnerabilities"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9C48-27FX-7952
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-26 00:00In LemonLDAP::NG (aka lemonldap-ng) through 2.0.8, validity of the X.509 certificate is not checked by default when connecting to remote LDAP backends, because the default configuration of the Net::LDAPS module for Perl is used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-16093"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-18T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In LemonLDAP::NG (aka lemonldap-ng) through 2.0.8, validity of the X.509 certificate is not checked by default when connecting to remote LDAP backends, because the default configuration of the Net::LDAPS module for Perl is used.",
"id": "GHSA-9c48-27fx-7952",
"modified": "2022-07-26T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-07-19T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-16093"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.ow2.org/lemonldap-ng/lemonldap-ng/-/issues/2250"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lemonldap-ng.org/download"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/01/msg00027.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9CMH-266P-F4XF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:17 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:17The SNKRDUNK Market Place App for iOS versions prior to 2.2.0 does not verify server certificate properly, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to eavesdrop on and/or alter encrypted communication via a crafted certificate.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-20833"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-13T09:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The SNKRDUNK Market Place App for iOS versions prior to 2.2.0 does not verify server certificate properly, which allows man-in-the-middle attackers to eavesdrop on and/or alter encrypted communication via a crafted certificate.",
"id": "GHSA-9cmh-266p-f4xf",
"modified": "2022-05-24T19:17:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:17:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-20833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://jvn.jp/en/jp/JVN10168753/index.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://snkrdunk.com/information/37"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-9CX6-52C2-PHG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-12 03:30 – Updated: 2026-01-28 15:31When the user set the Notification's sender to send emails to the SMTP server via msmtp, an improper validated TLS/SSL certificates allows an attacker who can intercept network traffic between the SMTP client and server to execute a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, which may obtain the sensitive information of the SMTP.
Affected products and versions include: from ADM 4.1.0 through ADM 4.3.3.RKD2 as well as from ADM 5.0.0 through ADM 5.1.0.RN42.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13052"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-12T03:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "When the user set the Notification\u0027s sender to send emails to the SMTP server via msmtp, an improper validated TLS/SSL certificates allows an attacker who can intercept network traffic between the SMTP client and server to execute a man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack, which may obtain the sensitive information of the SMTP.\n\nAffected products and versions include: from ADM 4.1.0 through ADM 4.3.3.RKD2 as well as from ADM 5.0.0 through ADM 5.1.0.RN42.",
"id": "GHSA-9cx6-52c2-phg6",
"modified": "2026-01-28T15:31:28Z",
"published": "2025-12-12T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13052"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.asustor.com/security/security_advisory_detail?id=49"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-9F94-5G5W-GF6R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-20 20:35 – Updated: 2026-03-20 20:35Summary
AWS-LC is an open-source, general-purpose cryptographic library.
Impact
A logic error in CRL distribution point matching in AWS-LC allows a revoked certificate to bypass revocation checks during certificate validation, when the application enables CRL checking and uses partitioned CRLs with Issuing Distribution Point (IDP) extensions.
Customers of AWS services do not need to take action. aws-lc-sys and aws-lc-fips-sys contain code from AWS-LC. Applications using aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys should upgrade to the most recent releases of aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys.
Impacted versions:
- aws-lc-sys >= v0.15.0, < v0.39.0
- aws-lc-fips-sys >= v0.13.0, < v0.13.13
Patches
The patch is included in aws-lc-sys v0.39.0 and aws-lc-fips-sys v0.13.13.
Workarounds
Applications can workaround this issue if they do not enable CRL checking (X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK). Applications using complete (non-partitioned) CRLs without IDP extensions are also not affected.
Otherwise, there is no workaround and applications using aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys should upgrade to the most recent releases of aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys.
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory, we ask that you contact AWS Security via our vulnerability reporting page or directly via email to aws-security@amazon.com. Please do not create a public GitHub issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "aws-lc-fips-sys"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.13.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.13.13"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "crates.io",
"name": "aws-lc-sys"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.15.0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.39.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-295"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-20T20:35:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\n\nAWS-LC is an open-source, general-purpose cryptographic library.\n\n### Impact \n\nA logic error in CRL distribution point matching in AWS-LC allows a revoked certificate to bypass revocation checks during certificate validation, when the application enables CRL checking and uses partitioned CRLs with Issuing Distribution Point (IDP) extensions.\n\nCustomers of AWS services do not need to take action. aws-lc-sys and aws-lc-fips-sys contain code from AWS-LC. Applications using aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys should upgrade to the most recent releases of aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys.\n\n### Impacted versions:\n* aws-lc-sys \u003e= v0.15.0, \u003c v0.39.0\n* aws-lc-fips-sys \u003e= v0.13.0, \u003c v0.13.13\n\n### Patches \n\nThe patch is included in aws-lc-sys v0.39.0 and aws-lc-fips-sys v0.13.13.\n\n### Workarounds\n\nApplications can workaround this issue if they do not enable CRL checking (X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK). Applications using complete (non-partitioned) CRLs without IDP extensions are also not affected.\n\nOtherwise, there is no workaround and applications using aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys should upgrade to the most recent releases of aws-lc-sys or aws-lc-fips-sys.\n\n### References\n\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory, we ask that you contact AWS Security via our [vulnerability reporting page](https://aws.amazon.com/security/vulnerability-reporting/) or directly via email to [aws-security@amazon.com](mailto:aws-security@amazon.com). Please do not create a public GitHub issue.",
"id": "GHSA-9f94-5g5w-gf6r",
"modified": "2026-03-20T20:35:14Z",
"published": "2026-03-20T20:35:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs/security/advisories/GHSA-9f94-5g5w-gf6r"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://aws.amazon.com/security/security-bulletins/2026-010-AWS"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/aws/aws-lc-rs"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0042.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://rustsec.org/advisories/RUSTSEC-2026-0048.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "CRL Distribution Point Scope Check Logic Error in AWS-LC"
}
Mitigation
Certificates should be carefully managed and checked to assure that data are encrypted with the intended owner's public key.
Mitigation
If certificate pinning is being used, ensure that all relevant properties of the certificate are fully validated before the certificate is pinned, including the hostname.
CAPEC-459: Creating a Rogue Certification Authority Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness resulting from using a hashing algorithm with weak collision resistance to generate certificate signing requests (CSR) that contain collision blocks in their "to be signed" parts. The adversary submits one CSR to be signed by a trusted certificate authority then uses the signed blob to make a second certificate appear signed by said certificate authority. Due to the hash collision, both certificates, though different, hash to the same value and so the signed blob works just as well in the second certificate. The net effect is that the adversary's second X.509 certificate, which the Certification Authority has never seen, is now signed and validated by that Certification Authority.
CAPEC-475: Signature Spoofing by Improper Validation
An adversary exploits a cryptographic weakness in the signature verification algorithm implementation to generate a valid signature without knowing the key.