CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5984 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-R7CW-73W2-3P23
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:47 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:51A remote denial of service vulnerability was identified in HPE Intelligent Management Center (IMC) PLAT earlier than version 7.3 E0506P09.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-7123"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-06-05T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A remote denial of service vulnerability was identified in HPE Intelligent Management Center (IMC) PLAT earlier than version 7.3 E0506P09.",
"id": "GHSA-r7cw-73w2-3p23",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:51:50Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:47:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-7123"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.hpe.com/hpsc/doc/public/display?docLocale=en_US\u0026docId=emr_na-hpesbhf03930en_us"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R7GQ-256H-J4MQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:34 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:34prosody before versions 0.10.2, 0.9.14 is vulnerable to an Authentication Bypass. Prosody did not verify that the virtual host associated with a user session remained the same across stream restarts. A user may authenticate to XMPP host A and migrate their authenticated session to XMPP host B of the same Prosody instance.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10847"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-07-30T17:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "prosody before versions 0.10.2, 0.9.14 is vulnerable to an Authentication Bypass. Prosody did not verify that the virtual host associated with a user session remained the same across stream restarts. A user may authenticate to XMPP host A and migrate their authenticated session to XMPP host B of the same Prosody instance.",
"id": "GHSA-r7gq-256h-j4mq",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:34:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:34:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blog.prosody.im/prosody-0-10-2-security-release"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-10847"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.prosody.im/1147"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://prosody.im/security/advisory_20180531"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4216"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R7HR-PVJH-R4P3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-27 12:30 – Updated: 2026-04-27 12:30A vulnerability has been found in NousResearch hermes-agent 0.8.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function _check_auth of the file gateway/platforms/api_server.py of the component API_SERVER_KEY Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-7112"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-27T10:16:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in NousResearch hermes-agent 0.8.0. Affected by this vulnerability is the function _check_auth of the file gateway/platforms/api_server.py of the component API_SERVER_KEY Handler. The manipulation leads to improper authentication. The attack can be initiated remotely. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation appears to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The project was informed of the problem early through a pull request but has not reacted yet.",
"id": "GHSA-r7hr-pvjh-r4p3",
"modified": "2026-04-27T12:30:38Z",
"published": "2026-04-27T12:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-7112"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent/issues/6439"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent/pull/6477"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/NousResearch/hermes-agent"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/800800"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/359712/cti"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-R7P8-XQ5M-436C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 00:06 – Updated: 2026-04-14 00:06Description (as reported)
A security vulnerability has been identified in Jetty's JaspiAuthenticator.java.
The root cause is a failure to consistently clear authentication metadata stored in ThreadLocal during certain error or incomplete authentication flows.
Specifically, after a GroupPrincipalCallback is persisted into the ThreadLocal, the authentication process may exit prematurely — before the ThreadLocal storage is cleared — if a mandatory CallerPrincipalCallback is missing or an exception occurs.
This allows a subsequent, unprivileged user processed by the same worker thread to inherit these residual security roles, leading to Broken Access Control and Privilege Escalation.
See also attached PDF.
Impact
An unauthenticated user may gain ungrated privileges from a previous request (privilege escalation).
Patches
No patches yet.
Workarounds
Do not use Jetty's JASPI.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.7"
},
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"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee11:jetty-ee11-jaspi"
},
"ranges": [
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"introduced": "12.1.0"
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"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.7"
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"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee10:jetty-ee10-jaspi"
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"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.7"
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"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee9:jetty-ee9-jaspi"
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"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.1.7"
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]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.33"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee11:jetty-ee11-jaspi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
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{
"fixed": "12.0.34"
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],
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"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.33"
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]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.33"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty.ee9:jetty-ee9-jaspi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "12.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "12.0.34"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 12.0.33"
},
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]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 11.0.28"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jaspi"
},
"ranges": [
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"events": [
{
"introduced": "11.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "11.0.29"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 10.0.28"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jaspi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "10.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "10.0.29"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 9.4.60"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-jaspi"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.4.61"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5795"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-226",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-14T00:06:27Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Description (as reported)\n\nA security vulnerability has been identified in Jetty\u0027s `JaspiAuthenticator.java`. \n\nThe root cause is a failure to consistently clear authentication metadata stored in `ThreadLocal` during certain error or incomplete authentication flows. \nSpecifically, after a `GroupPrincipalCallback` is persisted into the `ThreadLocal`, the authentication process may exit prematurely \u2014 before the `ThreadLocal` storage is cleared \u2014 if a mandatory `CallerPrincipalCallback` is missing or an exception occurs. \nThis allows a subsequent, unprivileged user processed by the same worker thread to inherit these residual security roles, leading to Broken Access Control and Privilege Escalation.\n\nSee also attached PDF.\n\n### Impact\nAn unauthenticated user may gain ungrated privileges from a previous request (privilege escalation).\n\n### Patches\nNo patches yet.\n\n### Workarounds\nDo not use Jetty\u0027s JASPI.",
"id": "GHSA-r7p8-xq5m-436c",
"modified": "2026-04-14T00:06:27Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T00:06:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project/security/advisories/GHSA-r7p8-xq5m-436c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5795"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/jetty/jetty.project"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/user-attachments/files/26118760/JaspiAuthenticator_Security_Report.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.eclipse.org/security/cve-assignment/-/issues/92"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Eclipse Jetty: Early return from the JASPIAuthenticator code can potentially no clear ThreadLocal variables"
}
GHSA-R7WP-JGVH-5VJ5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-05 18:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:29An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform v18.00.0072. A specially-crafted series of network requests can lead to arbitrary authentication. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-31242"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-05T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An authentication bypass vulnerability exists in the OAS Engine functionality of Open Automation Software OAS Platform v18.00.0072. A specially-crafted series of network requests can lead to arbitrary authentication. An attacker can send a sequence of requests to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-r7wp-jgvh-5vj5",
"modified": "2024-04-04T07:29:07Z",
"published": "2023-09-05T18:30:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-31242"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1769"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2023-1769"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R7WV-RCCH-Q8JM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:11 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:33** DISPUTED ** A remote attacker can bypass the System Manager Mode on the Canon MF210 and MF220 web interface without knowing the PIN for /login.html via vectors involving /portal_top.html to get full access to the device. NOTE: the vendor reportedly responded that this issue occurs when a customer keeps the default settings without using the countermeasures and best practices shown in the documentation.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11711"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-04T13:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "** DISPUTED ** A remote attacker can bypass the System Manager Mode on the Canon MF210 and MF220 web interface without knowing the PIN for /login.html via vectors involving /portal_top.html to get full access to the device. NOTE: the vendor reportedly responded that this issue occurs when a customer keeps the default settings without using the countermeasures and best practices shown in the documentation.",
"id": "GHSA-r7wv-rcch-q8jm",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:33:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:11:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11711"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/huykha/9dbcd0e46058f1e18bab241d1b2754bd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44845"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R839-HVFQ-837F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:36 – Updated: 2022-08-07 00:00An issue was discovered on Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 devices before 5.07.118. A NAS Admin authentication bypass vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated user to gain access to the device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-29563"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-12-12T00:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered on Western Digital My Cloud OS 5 devices before 5.07.118. A NAS Admin authentication bypass vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated user to gain access to the device.",
"id": "GHSA-r839-hvfq-837f",
"modified": "2022-08-07T00:00:29Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:36:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-29563"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.westerndigital.com/support/productsecurity/wdc-20010-my-cloud-os5-firmware-5-07-118"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-20-1446"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R846-97C8-MFHP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-09-09 00:00 – Updated: 2022-09-13 00:00Cynet 360 Web Portal before v4.5 was discovered to allow attackers to access a list of monitored files and profiles via a crafted GET request sent to /WebApp/SettingsFileMonitor/GetFileMonitorProfiles.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-09-08T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Cynet 360 Web Portal before v4.5 was discovered to allow attackers to access a list of monitored files and profiles via a crafted GET request sent to /WebApp/SettingsFileMonitor/GetFileMonitorProfiles.",
"id": "GHSA-r846-97c8-mfhp",
"modified": "2022-09-13T00:00:40Z",
"published": "2022-09-09T00:00:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cynet.com/platform"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.srlabs.de/bites/edr-security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R86G-X26V-WR3R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-07-11 00:00Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in Online Book Store v1.0 via admin_verify.php, which could let a remote mailicious user bypass authentication and obtain sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-19111"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-269",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-05-06T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in Online Book Store v1.0 via admin_verify.php, which could let a remote mailicious user bypass authentication and obtain sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-r86g-x26v-wr3r",
"modified": "2022-07-11T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:01:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-19111"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/projectworldsofficial/online-book-store-project-in-php/issues/14"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/287.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-R86H-G4G8-QQMR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2024-11-26 18:38A vulnerability in the Common Access Card (CAC) authentication feature of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and access the FMC system. The attacker must have a valid CAC to initiate the access attempt. The vulnerability is due to incorrect session invalidation during CAC authentication. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by performing a CAC-based authentication attempt to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access an affected system with the privileges of a CAC-authenticated user who is currently logged in.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-3410"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-21T19:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the Common Access Card (CAC) authentication feature of Cisco Firepower Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass authentication and access the FMC system. The attacker must have a valid CAC to initiate the access attempt. The vulnerability is due to incorrect session invalidation during CAC authentication. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by performing a CAC-based authentication attempt to an affected system. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access an affected system with the privileges of a CAC-authenticated user who is currently logged in.",
"id": "GHSA-r86h-g4g8-qqmr",
"modified": "2024-11-26T18:38:40Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:31:46Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-3410"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-fmc-cacauthbyp-NCLGZm3Q"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.