CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5966 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-MHFP-2WG5-H75R
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-22 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-23 18:32An issue in Ocuco Innovation - REPORTSERVER.EXE v2.10.24.13 allows attackers to bypass authentication and escalate privileges to Administrator via a crafted TCP packet.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41196"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-05-22T19:15:41Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue in Ocuco Innovation - REPORTSERVER.EXE v2.10.24.13 allows attackers to bypass authentication and escalate privileges to Administrator via a crafted TCP packet.",
"id": "GHSA-mhfp-2wg5-h75r",
"modified": "2025-05-23T18:32:04Z",
"published": "2025-05-22T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41196"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/285.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/1UqJAQiwhHZCHtgac4-YiJHElBYhqUu3M/view?usp=drive_link"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.githubusercontent.com/john0x186/1d9cc7fcc8386480d2bdaa9fdcfa914b/raw/d2d3d74ccaa939127ee2b03139061509a7dd238c/full-disclosure.md"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHJF-4HV6-XQGR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-21 15:30 – Updated: 2025-12-04 21:31Improper host authentication vulnerability in wolfSSH version 1.4.20 and earlier clients that allows authentication bypass and leaking of clients credentials.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-11625"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-21T14:15:46Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper host authentication vulnerability in wolfSSH version 1.4.20 and earlier clients that allows authentication bypass and leaking of clients credentials.",
"id": "GHSA-mhjf-4hv6-xqgr",
"modified": "2025-12-04T21:31:01Z",
"published": "2025-10-21T15:30:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-11625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/wolfSSL/wolfssh/pull/840"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHJQ-8C7M-3F7P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-13 15:55 – Updated: 2025-11-13 15:55Impact
What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted? An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to bypass all authentication mechanisms in the Milvus Proxy component, gaining full administrative access to the Milvus cluster. This grants the attacker the ability to read, modify, or delete data, and to perform privileged administrative operations such as database or collection management. All users running affected Milvus versions are strongly advised to upgrade immediately.
Patches
Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to? This issue has been fixed in the following versions: • Milvus 2.4.24 • Milvus 2.5.21 • Milvus 2.6.5
Users should upgrade to these patched versions or later to mitigate the vulnerability.
Workarounds
Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading? If immediate upgrade is not possible, a temporary mitigation can be applied by removing the sourceID header from all incoming requests at the gateway, API gateway, or load balancer level before they reach the Milvus Proxy. This prevents attackers from exploiting the authentication bypass behavior.
References
Are there any links users can visit to find out more?
The following pull requests contain the fixes for the affected Milvus branches: • Fix for 2.4 branch • Fix for 2.5 branch • Fix for 2.6 branch
Special thanks to the Volcengine Milvus team at ByteDance(liumingzhe.5689@bytedance.com) for responsibly discovering, reporting, and coordinating the disclosure of this critical authentication bypass vulnerability with the Milvus maintainers.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/milvus-io/milvus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.10.4"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.24"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/milvus-io/milvus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.21"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/milvus-io/milvus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/milvus-io/milvus"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.10.3-0.20251107071934-6102f001a971"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-64513"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-11-13T15:55:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-10T22:15:40Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\n_What kind of vulnerability is it? Who is impacted?_\nAn unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to bypass all authentication mechanisms in the Milvus Proxy component, gaining full administrative access to the Milvus cluster.\nThis grants the attacker the ability to read, modify, or delete data, and to perform privileged administrative operations such as database or collection management.\nAll users running affected Milvus versions are strongly advised to upgrade immediately.\n\n### Patches\n_Has the problem been patched? What versions should users upgrade to?_\nThis issue has been fixed in the following versions:\n\t\u2022\tMilvus 2.4.24\n\t\u2022\tMilvus 2.5.21\n\t\u2022\tMilvus 2.6.5\n\nUsers should upgrade to these patched versions or later to mitigate the vulnerability.\n\n### Workarounds\n_Is there a way for users to fix or remediate the vulnerability without upgrading?_\nIf immediate upgrade is not possible, a temporary mitigation can be applied by removing the sourceID header from all incoming requests at the gateway, API gateway, or load balancer level before they reach the Milvus Proxy.\nThis prevents attackers from exploiting the authentication bypass behavior.\n\n### References\n_Are there any links users can visit to find out more?_\n\nThe following pull requests contain the fixes for the affected Milvus branches:\n\t\u2022\t[Fix for 2.4 branch](https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/pull/45391)\ufffc\n\t\u2022\t[Fix for 2.5 branch](https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/pull/45383)\ufffc\n\t\u2022\t[Fix for 2.6 branch](https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/pull/45379)\ufffc\n\nSpecial thanks to the Volcengine Milvus team at ByteDance(liumingzhe.5689@bytedance.com) for responsibly discovering, reporting, and coordinating the disclosure of this critical authentication bypass vulnerability with the Milvus maintainers.",
"id": "GHSA-mhjq-8c7m-3f7p",
"modified": "2025-11-13T15:55:00Z",
"published": "2025-11-13T15:55:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/security/advisories/GHSA-mhjq-8c7m-3f7p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-64513"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/pull/45379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/pull/45383"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/pull/45391"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus/commit/6102f001a971c8c8055a4a4cae704442d5cab793"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/milvus-io/milvus"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Milvus Proxy has a Critical Authentication Bypass Vulnerability"
}
GHSA-MHM6-RJW7-RHJH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:32 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:32IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager 2.6, 2.7, 3.0 could allow an authenticated user to obtain highly sensitive information or jeopardize system integrity due to improper authentication mechanisms. IBM X-Force ID: 147907.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-1738"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-10-11T12:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "IBM Security Key Lifecycle Manager 2.6, 2.7, 3.0 could allow an authenticated user to obtain highly sensitive information or jeopardize system integrity due to improper authentication mechanisms. IBM X-Force ID: 147907.",
"id": "GHSA-mhm6-rjw7-rhjh",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:32:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:32:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-1738"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/147907"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=ibm10733309"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHP9-G6GQ-FMJ2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-19 00:31 – Updated: 2025-11-19 15:31The Itel DAB Gateway (IDGat build c041640a) is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass due to improper JWT validation across devices. Attackers can reuse a valid JWT token obtained from one device to authenticate and gain administrative access to any other device running the same firmware, even if the passwords and networks are different. This allows full compromise of affected devices.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-63216"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-18T22:15:51Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Itel DAB Gateway (IDGat build c041640a) is vulnerable to Authentication Bypass due to improper JWT validation across devices. Attackers can reuse a valid JWT token obtained from one device to authenticate and gain administrative access to any other device running the same firmware, even if the passwords and networks are different. This allows full compromise of affected devices.",
"id": "GHSA-mhp9-g6gq-fmj2",
"modified": "2025-11-19T15:31:38Z",
"published": "2025-11-19T00:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-63216"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/shiky8/my--cve-vulnerability-research/tree/main/CVE-2025-63216_Itel%20DAB%20Gateway%20Authentication%20Bypass"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.itel.it"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHRH-8VW7-3JJR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:05 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00In ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivity() and AppTaskImpl.startActivity() of ActivityTaskManagerService.java and AppTaskImpl.java, there is possible access to restricted activities due to a permissions bypass. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-137395936
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-0571"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-06-22T11:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivity() and AppTaskImpl.startActivity() of ActivityTaskManagerService.java and AppTaskImpl.java, there is possible access to restricted activities due to a permissions bypass. This could lead to local escalation of privilege with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.Product: AndroidVersions: Android-11Android ID: A-137395936",
"id": "GHSA-mhrh-8vw7-3jjr",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:05:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-0571"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2021-06-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHW6-65C7-3992
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-25 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-07 00:00Meridian Cooperative Utility Software versions 22.02 and 22.03 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information such as name, address, and daily energy usage.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-29578"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-24T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Meridian Cooperative Utility Software versions 22.02 and 22.03 allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information such as name, address, and daily energy usage.",
"id": "GHSA-mhw6-65c7-3992",
"modified": "2022-07-07T00:00:26Z",
"published": "2022-06-25T00:00:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-29578"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ics/advisories/icsa-22-165-02"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHWG-FJC7-74VR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-19 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-20 00:00Improper authentication in the Intel(R) Edge Insights for Industrial software before version 2.6.1 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-22730"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-18T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Improper authentication in the Intel(R) Edge Insights for Industrial software before version 2.6.1 may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via network access.",
"id": "GHSA-mhwg-fjc7-74vr",
"modified": "2022-08-20T00:00:42Z",
"published": "2022-08-19T00:00:18Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-22730"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00653.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHWW-RMFC-8PRF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 05:16 – Updated: 2025-10-22 03:30Adobe ColdFusion 9.0, 9.0.1, and 9.0.2, when a password is not configured, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in January 2013.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-0625"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-01-09T01:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe ColdFusion 9.0, 9.0.1, and 9.0.2, when a password is not configured, allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and possibly execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors, as exploited in the wild in January 2013.",
"id": "GHSA-mhww-rmfc-8prf",
"modified": "2025-10-22T03:30:32Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T05:16:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-0625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2013-0625"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/advisories/apsa13-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.adobe.com/support/security/bulletins/apsb13-03.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/57164"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-MHX4-5J7F-6RXC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:31 – Updated: 2023-01-09 18:30Multiple issues were addressed with improved logic. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, tvOS 13.4.8, watchOS 6.2.8, Safari 13.1.2, iTunes 12.10.8 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 11.3, iCloud for Windows 7.20. A malicious attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-9910"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-10-16T17:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Multiple issues were addressed with improved logic. This issue is fixed in iOS 13.6 and iPadOS 13.6, tvOS 13.4.8, watchOS 6.2.8, Safari 13.1.2, iTunes 12.10.8 for Windows, iCloud for Windows 11.3, iCloud for Windows 7.20. A malicious attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication.",
"id": "GHSA-mhx4-5j7f-6rxc",
"modified": "2023-01-09T18:30:25Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:31:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-9910"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211288"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211291"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211294"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT211295"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.