CWE-287
DiscouragedImproper Authentication
Abstraction: Class · Status: Draft
When an actor claims to have a given identity, the product does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.
5951 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J53H-9QGG-C2RH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 19:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 19:57sphider prior to 1.3.6, sphider-pro prior to 3.2, and sphider-plus prior to 3.2 allow authentication bypass
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2014-5081"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-01-10T13:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "sphider prior to 1.3.6, sphider-pro prior to 3.2, and sphider-plus prior to 3.2 allow authentication bypass",
"id": "GHSA-j53h-9qgg-c2rh",
"modified": "2022-05-17T19:57:15Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T19:57:15Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-5081"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/34238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/127720/Sphider-Search-Engine-Command-Execution-SQL-Injection.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J59F-6M4Q-62H6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2019-05-30 17:28 – Updated: 2023-12-07 22:05Versions 0.1.1 or 0.1.2 of ipns are vulnerable to improper key validation. This is due to the public key verification was not being performed properly, resulting in any key being valid.
Recommendation
Update to version 0.1.3 or later.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "ipns"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.1.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2019-05-30T17:28:19Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Versions 0.1.1 or 0.1.2 of `ipns` are vulnerable to improper key validation. This is due to the public key verification was not being performed properly, resulting in any key being valid.\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nUpdate to version 0.1.3 or later.",
"id": "GHSA-j59f-6m4q-62h6",
"modified": "2023-12-07T22:05:54Z",
"published": "2019-05-30T17:28:48Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/ipfs/js-ipns/commit/33684e356f1f2fdcd99b2fb85fcc5d52223769a0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/693"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Improper Key Verification in ipns"
}
GHSA-J5CC-3H6R-JQH4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-03 03:06 – Updated: 2023-09-18 22:28The DocumentTemplate package in Zope 2.2 and earlier allows a remote attacker to modify DTMLDocuments or DTMLMethods without authorization.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "zope"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "2.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2000-0483"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2023-09-18T22:28:23Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2000-06-15T04:00:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The DocumentTemplate package in Zope 2.2 and earlier allows a remote attacker to modify DTMLDocuments or DTMLMethods without authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-j5cc-3h6r-jqh4",
"modified": "2023-09-18T22:28:23Z",
"published": "2022-05-03T03:06:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2000-0483"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/4716"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20000819120649/http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2000-06/0144.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20000819123924/http://archives.neohapsis.com/archives/bugtraq/2000-07/0412.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20010702023709/http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/1354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.redhat.com/support/errata/RHSA-2000-038.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zope.org/Products/Zope/Hotfix_06_16_2000/security_alert"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Zope DocumentTemplate package allows unauthenticated write"
}
GHSA-J5HQ-5JCR-XWX7
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-11-20 18:23 – Updated: 2025-04-11 23:13Impact
A vulnerability has been discovered in Steve API (Kubernetes API Translator) in which users can watch resources they are not allowed to access, when they have at least some generic permissions on the type. For example, a user who can get a single secret in a single namespace can get all secrets in every namespace.
During a watch request for a single ID, the following occurs:
- In the case of a watch request for a single resource, Steve API will return a partition with the requested resource in it. In other cases, it will check the user's access when constructing partitions.
- When a watch request for a single resource is issued, instead of using a client which impersonates the user making the request, Steve API will use the admin client, which can read all resources.
This allows any requester to see the contents of any object such as secret keys, signing certificates, API tokens.
Please consult the associated MITRE ATT&CK - Technique - Valid Accounts and MITRE ATT&CK - Technique - Container and Resource Discovery for further information about this category of attack.
Patches
To address this issue, the fix introduces a change in the behavior of the Steve API.
When issuing a watch request with an ID specified, the requester's permissions are now correctly honoured. This will deny events for objects the requester cannot actually access. Previously these events were returned unconditionally, allowing any requester to see the contents of any object.
Patched versions include the following commits:
| Branch | Commit |
|---|---|
| main | https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/2175e090fe4b1e603a54e1cdc5148a2b1c11b4d9 |
| release/v2.9 | https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/6e30359c652333a49e229b2791c9b403d5ef81a9 |
| release/v2.8 | https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/c744f0b17b88ff5e2fcabc60841174d878ddc88e |
Workarounds
There are no workarounds for this issue. Users are recommended to upgrade, as soon as possible, to a version of Steve API/Rancher Manager which contains the fixes.
References
If you have any questions or comments about this advisory: - Reach out to the SUSE Rancher Security team for security-related inquiries. - Open an issue in the Rancher repository. - Verify with our support matrix and product support lifecycle.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/rancher/steve"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20241029132712-2175e090fe4b"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-52280"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-11-20T18:23:25Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-11T12:15:14Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nA vulnerability has been discovered in Steve API (Kubernetes API Translator) in which users can watch resources they are not allowed to access, when they have at least some generic permissions on the type. For example, a user who can get a single secret in a single namespace can get all secrets in every namespace.\n\nDuring a `watch` request for a single ID, the following occurs:\n- In the case of a watch request for a single resource, Steve API will return a partition with the requested resource in it. In other cases, it will check the user\u0027s access when constructing partitions.\n- When a watch request for a single resource is issued, instead of using a client which impersonates the user making the request, Steve API will use the admin client, which can read all resources.\n\nThis allows any requester to see the contents of any object such as secret keys, signing certificates, API tokens.\n\nPlease consult the associated [MITRE ATT\u0026CK - Technique - Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078/003/) and [MITRE ATT\u0026CK - Technique - Container and Resource Discovery](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1613/) for further information about this category of attack.\n\n### Patches\nTo address this issue, the fix introduces a change in the behavior of the Steve API.\n\nWhen issuing a `watch` request with an ID specified, the requester\u0027s permissions are now correctly honoured. This will deny events for objects the requester cannot actually access. Previously these events were returned unconditionally, allowing any requester to see the contents of any object.\n\nPatched versions include the following commits:\n\n| Branch | Commit |\n| -------- | ------- |\n| main | https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/2175e090fe4b1e603a54e1cdc5148a2b1c11b4d9 |\n| release/v2.9 | https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/6e30359c652333a49e229b2791c9b403d5ef81a9 |\n| release/v2.8 | https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/c744f0b17b88ff5e2fcabc60841174d878ddc88e |\n\n### Workarounds\nThere are no workarounds for this issue. Users are recommended to upgrade, as soon as possible, to a version of Steve API/Rancher Manager which contains the fixes.\n\n### References\nIf you have any questions or comments about this advisory:\n- Reach out to the [SUSE Rancher Security team](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/security/policy) for security-related inquiries.\n- Open an issue in the [Rancher](https://github.com/rancher/rancher/issues/new/choose) repository.\n- Verify with our [support matrix](https://www.suse.com/suse-rancher/support-matrix/all-supported-versions/) and [product support lifecycle](https://www.suse.com/lifecycle/).",
"id": "GHSA-j5hq-5jcr-xwx7",
"modified": "2025-04-11T23:13:04Z",
"published": "2024-11-20T18:23:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/steve/security/advisories/GHSA-j5hq-5jcr-xwx7"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-52280"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/steve/commit/2175e090fe4b1e603a54e1cdc5148a2b1c11b4d9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2024-52280"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/rancher/steve"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-3281"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": " github.com/rancher/steve\u0027s users can issue watch commands for arbitrary resources"
}
GHSA-J5J3-H5WW-VVPH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:58 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:58constants.inc in EZWebAlbum 1.0 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrator privileges by setting the photoalbumadmin cookie, as demonstrated via addpage.php.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-3292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-07-24T18:41:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "constants.inc in EZWebAlbum 1.0 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and gain administrator privileges by setting the photoalbumadmin cookie, as demonstrated via addpage.php.",
"id": "GHSA-j5j3-h5ww-vvph",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:58:43Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:58:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/43938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6115"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4033"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30343"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J5Q8-GR47-F6VP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-04-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-04-14 00:00A vulnerability was found in SAP Information System 1.0 which has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the file /SAP_Information_System/controllers/add_admin.php. An unauthenticated attacker is able to create a new admin account for the web application with a simple POST request. Exploit details were disclosed.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-1248"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-306"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-04-06T03:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in SAP Information System 1.0 which has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is the file /SAP_Information_System/controllers/add_admin.php. An unauthenticated attacker is able to create a new admin account for the web application with a simple POST request. Exploit details were disclosed.",
"id": "GHSA-j5q8-gr47-f6vp",
"modified": "2022-04-14T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-04-07T00:00:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-1248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.196550"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/166609/SAP-Information-System-1.0.0-Missing-Authorization.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J5R4-8JVQ-RP99
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:56 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:59On STMicroelectronics STM32F7 devices, Proprietary Code Read Out Protection (PCROP) (a software IP protection method) can be defeated with a debug probe via the Instruction Tightly Coupled Memory (ITCM) bus.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-14238"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-09-24T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "On STMicroelectronics STM32F7 devices, Proprietary Code Read Out Protection (PCROP) (a software IP protection method) can be defeated with a debug probe via the Instruction Tightly Coupled Memory (ITCM) bus.",
"id": "GHSA-j5r4-8jvq-rp99",
"modified": "2024-04-04T01:59:21Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:56:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-14238"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usenix.org/conference/woot19/presentation/schink"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/woot19-paper_schink.pdf"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J5RC-CR5W-VFG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:13 – Updated: 2025-04-11 20:01Moodle 1.8.x and 1.9.x before 1.9.8 does not enable the "Regenerate session id during login" setting by default, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct session fixation attacks.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "moodle/moodle"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "1.8.0"
},
{
"fixed": "1.9.8"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2010-1613"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-384"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-04-11T20:01:58Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2010-04-29T21:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Moodle 1.8.x and 1.9.x before 1.9.8 does not enable the \"Regenerate session id during login\" setting by default, which makes it easier for remote attackers to conduct session fixation attacks.",
"id": "GHSA-j5rc-cr5w-vfg6",
"modified": "2025-04-11T20:01:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:13:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2010-1613"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2010-05/msg00001.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://moodle.org/security"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Moodle Session Fixation vulnerability"
}
GHSA-J5RM-V3VH-VX94
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-18 15:37 – Updated: 2026-05-18 15:37Impact
In eduMFA < 2.9.1 userless Passkey/WebAuthn challenges might be replayed and do not expire
Patches
Fixed in eduMFA >= 2.9.1 by adding validity information to the userless challenges.
Workarounds
No known workarounds besides disabling userless login altogether.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "edumfa"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.9.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-613"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-18T15:37:00Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nIn eduMFA \u003c 2.9.1 userless Passkey/WebAuthn challenges might be replayed and do not expire\n\n### Patches\nFixed in eduMFA \u003e= 2.9.1 by adding validity information to the userless challenges.\n\n### Workarounds\nNo known workarounds besides disabling userless login altogether.",
"id": "GHSA-j5rm-v3vh-vx94",
"modified": "2026-05-18T15:37:00Z",
"published": "2026-05-18T15:37:00Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/eduMFA/eduMFA/security/advisories/GHSA-j5rm-v3vh-vx94"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/eduMFA/eduMFA"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "eduMFA Passkeys: missing expiration flag may allow replay attacks and reuse of old challenges "
}
GHSA-J5VC-W2JR-HW4P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:37 – Updated: 2024-01-21 03:30The Scanner File Utility (aka listener) in Kyocera Mita (KM) 3.3.0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authorization and upload arbitrary files to the client system via a modified program that does not prompt the user for a password.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-7109"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-287",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-08-28T15:30:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Scanner File Utility (aka listener) in Kyocera Mita (KM) 3.3.0.1 allows remote attackers to bypass authorization and upload arbitrary files to the client system via a modified program that does not prompt the user for a password.",
"id": "GHSA-j5vc-w2jr-hw4p",
"modified": "2024-01-21T03:30:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:37:45Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-7109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/44717"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/53004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31631"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.informit.com/guides/content.aspx?g=security\u0026seqNum=320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/495772/100/0/threaded"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/30855"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use an authentication framework or library such as the OWASP ESAPI Authentication feature.
CAPEC-114: Authentication Abuse
An attacker obtains unauthorized access to an application, service or device either through knowledge of the inherent weaknesses of an authentication mechanism, or by exploiting a flaw in the authentication scheme's implementation. In such an attack an authentication mechanism is functioning but a carefully controlled sequence of events causes the mechanism to grant access to the attacker.
CAPEC-115: Authentication Bypass
An attacker gains access to application, service, or device with the privileges of an authorized or privileged user by evading or circumventing an authentication mechanism. The attacker is therefore able to access protected data without authentication ever having taken place.
CAPEC-151: Identity Spoofing
Identity Spoofing refers to the action of assuming (i.e., taking on) the identity of some other entity (human or non-human) and then using that identity to accomplish a goal. An adversary may craft messages that appear to come from a different principle or use stolen / spoofed authentication credentials.
CAPEC-194: Fake the Source of Data
An adversary takes advantage of improper authentication to provide data or services under a falsified identity. The purpose of using the falsified identity may be to prevent traceability of the provided data or to assume the rights granted to another individual. One of the simplest forms of this attack would be the creation of an email message with a modified "From" field in order to appear that the message was sent from someone other than the actual sender. The root of the attack (in this case the email system) fails to properly authenticate the source and this results in the reader incorrectly performing the instructed action. Results of the attack vary depending on the details of the attack, but common results include privilege escalation, obfuscation of other attacks, and data corruption/manipulation.
CAPEC-22: Exploiting Trust in Client
An attack of this type exploits vulnerabilities in client/server communication channel authentication and data integrity. It leverages the implicit trust a server places in the client, or more importantly, that which the server believes is the client. An attacker executes this type of attack by communicating directly with the server where the server believes it is communicating only with a valid client. There are numerous variations of this type of attack.
CAPEC-57: Utilizing REST's Trust in the System Resource to Obtain Sensitive Data
This attack utilizes a REST(REpresentational State Transfer)-style applications' trust in the system resources and environment to obtain sensitive data once SSL is terminated.
CAPEC-593: Session Hijacking
This type of attack involves an adversary that exploits weaknesses in an application's use of sessions in performing authentication. The adversary is able to steal or manipulate an active session and use it to gain unathorized access to the application.
CAPEC-633: Token Impersonation
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to create an access token (or equivalent) that impersonates a different entity, and then associates a process/thread to that that impersonated token. This action causes a downstream user to make a decision or take action that is based on the assumed identity, and not the response that blocks the adversary.
CAPEC-650: Upload a Web Shell to a Web Server
By exploiting insufficient permissions, it is possible to upload a web shell to a web server in such a way that it can be executed remotely. This shell can have various capabilities, thereby acting as a "gateway" to the underlying web server. The shell might execute at the higher permission level of the web server, providing the ability the execute malicious code at elevated levels.
CAPEC-94: Adversary in the Middle (AiTM)
An adversary targets the communication between two components (typically client and server), in order to alter or obtain data from transactions. A general approach entails the adversary placing themself within the communication channel between the two components.