CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7971 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-J3W7-9QC3-G96P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-23 16:01 – Updated: 2025-10-23 20:37Impact
Development mode only. Kottster contains a pre-authentication remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability when running in development mode.
The vulnerability combines two issues:
1. The initApp action can be called repeatedly without checking if the app is already initialized, allowing attackers to create a new root admin account and obtain a JWT token
2. The installPackagesForDataSource action uses unescaped command arguments, enabling command injection
An attacker with access to a locally running development instance can chain these vulnerabilities to:
- Reinitialize the application and receive a JWT token for a new root account
- Use this token to authenticate
- Execute arbitrary system commands through installPackagesForDataSource
Production deployments were never affected.
Patches
Fixed in v3.3.2.
Specifically, @kottster/server v3.3.2 and @kottster/cli v3.3.2 address this vulnerability.
We recommend developers using earlier versions of @kottster/server and @kottster/cli update all the core packages to latest release:
npm install @kottster/common@latest @kottster/cli@latest @kottster/server@latest @kottster/react@latest
Workarounds
- Do not expose development servers to public networks or untrusted users
- Use production mode for any deployment accessible from outside trusted environments
Credit
We sincerely thank Jeongwon Jo (@P0cas) from RedAlert for discovering and responsibly disclosing this vulnerability.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "@kottster/server"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "3.2.0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.3.2"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-62713"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-78"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-23T16:01:35Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-23T17:15:40Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\n\n**Development mode only**. Kottster contains a pre-authentication remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability when running in development mode.\n\nThe vulnerability combines two issues:\n1. The `initApp` action can be called repeatedly without checking if the app is already initialized, allowing attackers to create a new root admin account and obtain a JWT token\n2. The `installPackagesForDataSource` action uses unescaped command arguments, enabling command injection\n\nAn attacker with access to a locally running development instance can chain these vulnerabilities to:\n- Reinitialize the application and receive a JWT token for a new root account\n- Use this token to authenticate\n- Execute arbitrary system commands through `installPackagesForDataSource`\n\n**Production deployments were never affected.**\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in [v3.3.2](https://github.com/kottster/kottster/releases/tag/v3.3.2).\n\nSpecifically, `@kottster/server` [v3.3.2](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@kottster/server/v/3.3.2) and `@kottster/cli` [v3.3.2](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@kottster/cli/v/3.3.2) address this vulnerability.\n\nWe recommend developers using earlier versions of `@kottster/server` and `@kottster/cli` update all the core packages to latest release:\n\n```\nnpm install @kottster/common@latest @kottster/cli@latest @kottster/server@latest @kottster/react@latest\n```\n\n### Workarounds\n\n- Do not expose development servers to public networks or untrusted users\n- Use production mode for any deployment accessible from outside trusted environments\n\n### Credit\n\nWe sincerely thank Jeongwon Jo ([@P0cas](https://github.com/P0cas)) from **RedAlert** for discovering and responsibly disclosing this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-j3w7-9qc3-g96p",
"modified": "2025-10-23T20:37:07Z",
"published": "2025-10-23T16:01:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kottster/kottster/security/advisories/GHSA-j3w7-9qc3-g96p"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62713"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/kottster/kottster/commit/0a7d24922a23aac98372155348787670937eef89"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/kottster/kottster"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:U",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Kottster app reinitialization can be re-triggered allowing command injection in development mode"
}
GHSA-J3XJ-PJXR-9P6C
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-23 18:31 – Updated: 2025-01-23 18:31The Tutor LMS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to bypass to user registration in versions up to, and including, 2.7.6. This is due to a missing check for the 'users_can_register' option in the 'register_instructor' function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to register as the default role on the site, even if registration is disabled.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-10393"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-862"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-11-21T11:15:16Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The Tutor LMS plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to bypass to user registration in versions up to, and including, 2.7.6. This is due to a missing check for the \u0027users_can_register\u0027 option in the \u0027register_instructor\u0027 function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to register as the default role on the site, even if registration is disabled.",
"id": "GHSA-j3xj-pjxr-9p6c",
"modified": "2025-01-23T18:31:12Z",
"published": "2025-01-23T18:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-10393"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3186319/tutor"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/bf8aa169-df51-46db-8c65-f1543d4f75f9?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J425-965M-RMG6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-17 15:30 – Updated: 2023-11-17 15:30Adobe ColdFusion versions 2023.5 (and earlier) and 2021.11 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to access the administration CFM and CFC endpoints. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-26347"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-17T14:15:20Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe ColdFusion versions 2023.5 (and earlier) and 2021.11 (and earlier) are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability that could result in a Security feature bypass. An unauthenticated attacker could leverage this vulnerability to access the administration CFM and CFC endpoints. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-j425-965m-rmg6",
"modified": "2023-11-17T15:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-11-17T15:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-26347"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/coldfusion/apsb23-52.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J42V-X5W3-CGXG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 03:33 – Updated: 2024-12-12 03:33Microsoft SharePoint Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-49068"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T02:04:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Microsoft SharePoint Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-j42v-x5w3-cgxg",
"modified": "2024-12-12T03:33:04Z",
"published": "2024-12-12T03:33:04Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-49068"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-49068"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J43X-5546-GFGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:08 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:08Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3060, CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3062, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-3071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-05-13T11:00:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Reader and Acrobat 10.x before 10.1.14 and 11.x before 11.0.11 on Windows and OS X allow attackers to bypass intended restrictions on JavaScript API execution via unspecified vectors, a different vulnerability than CVE-2015-3060, CVE-2015-3061, CVE-2015-3062, CVE-2015-3063, CVE-2015-3064, CVE-2015-3065, CVE-2015-3066, CVE-2015-3067, CVE-2015-3068, CVE-2015-3069, CVE-2015-3072, CVE-2015-3073, and CVE-2015-3074.",
"id": "GHSA-j43x-5546-gfgm",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:08:03Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:08:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/reader/apsb15-10.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/74604"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032284"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-15-195"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-J44F-447F-H94P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-09 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-13 15:31Inappropriate implementation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5863"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-08T22:16:25Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in V8 in Google Chrome prior to 147.0.7727.55 allowed a remote attacker to execute arbitrary code inside a sandbox via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: High)",
"id": "GHSA-j44f-447f-h94p",
"modified": "2026-04-13T15:31:10Z",
"published": "2026-04-09T00:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/04/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/484527367"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J46P-WFVM-G6PG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-07 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-08 21:31An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the edit method of the /edit/{dictId} endpoint does not properly validate whether the requesting user has permission to modify the specified dictId
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-28407"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-07T16:15:24Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in RUoYi v.4.8.0 allows a remote attacker to escalate privileges via the edit method of the /edit/{dictId} endpoint does not properly validate whether the requesting user has permission to modify the specified dictId",
"id": "GHSA-j46p-wfvm-g6pg",
"modified": "2025-04-08T21:31:37Z",
"published": "2025-04-07T18:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-28407"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/20210607/cve_public/blob/main/ruoyi_case/CVE-2025-28407.md"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/yangzongzhuan/RuoYi"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J4GM-MR6G-474Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-25 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-25 18:31Improper access control in the auth_oauth module of Odoo Community 15.0 and Odoo Enterprise 15.0 allows an internal user to export the OAuth tokens of other users.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-12368"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-116",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-25T18:15:27Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in the auth_oauth module of Odoo Community 15.0 and Odoo Enterprise 15.0 allows an internal user to export the OAuth tokens of other users.",
"id": "GHSA-j4gm-mr6g-474q",
"modified": "2025-02-25T18:31:24Z",
"published": "2025-02-25T18:31:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-12368"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/odoo/odoo/issues/193854"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J4GR-QRHH-5VRX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-16 18:31 – Updated: 2026-01-16 21:30This issue was addressed with improved permissions checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.1. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-44210"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-16T18:16:05Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with improved permissions checking. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.1. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-j4gr-qrhh-5vrx",
"modified": "2026-01-16T21:30:36Z",
"published": "2026-01-16T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-44210"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/121564"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-J4JW-X9XM-P48H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-16 21:31 – Updated: 2024-05-16 21:31Improper access control in some Intel(R) GPA software installers before version 2023.3 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40071"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-16T21:15:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in some Intel(R) GPA software installers before version 2023.3 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-j4jw-x9xm-p48h",
"modified": "2024-05-16T21:31:59Z",
"published": "2024-05-16T21:31:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40071"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00831.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.