CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8154 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-H9MG-JC7J-2RR2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-06-19 00:31 – Updated: 2025-06-19 00:31The Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform which makes use of Cisco NCS application service. Active and Standby Directors communicate over TCP ports 4566 and 4570 to exchange High Availability (HA) information using a shared password. Affected versions of Versa Director bound to these ports on all interfaces. An attacker that can access the Versa Director could access the NCS service on port 4566 and exploit it to perform unauthorized administrative actions and perform remote code execution. Customers are recommended to follow the hardening guide.
Versa Networks is not aware of any reported instance where this vulnerability was exploited. Proof of concept for this vulnerability has been disclosed by third party security researchers.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-45208"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-06-19T00:15:21Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The Versa Director SD-WAN orchestration platform which makes use of Cisco NCS application service. Active and Standby Directors communicate over TCP ports 4566 and 4570 to exchange High Availability (HA) information using a shared password. Affected versions of Versa Director bound to these ports on all interfaces. An attacker that can access the Versa Director could access the NCS service on port 4566 and exploit it to perform unauthorized administrative actions and perform remote code execution. Customers are recommended to follow the hardening guide.\n\nVersa Networks is not aware of any reported instance where this vulnerability was exploited. Proof of concept for this vulnerability has been disclosed by third party security researchers.",
"id": "GHSA-h9mg-jc7j-2rr2",
"modified": "2025-06-19T00:31:05Z",
"published": "2025-06-19T00:31:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-45208"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.versa-networks.com/Solutions/System_Hardening/Perform_Manual_Hardening_for_Versa_Director#Harden_Port_4566"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security-portal.versa-networks.com/emailbulletins/68526c3cdc94d6b9f2faf718"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000024323-release-21-2-3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000025680-release-22-1-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000026033-release-22-1-3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000026708-release-22-1-4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.versa-networks.com/support/solutions/articles/23000026724-versa-director-ha-port-exploit-discovery-remediation"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9MR-JRR6-MJRF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-07-24 18:31 – Updated: 2024-08-01 15:32Insecure permissions in external-secrets v0.9.16 allows attackers to access sensitive data and escalate privileges by obtaining the service account's token.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-277",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-07-24T17:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Insecure permissions in external-secrets v0.9.16 allows attackers to access sensitive data and escalate privileges by obtaining the service account\u0027s token.",
"id": "GHSA-h9mr-jrr6-mjrf",
"modified": "2024-08-01T15:32:07Z",
"published": "2024-07-24T18:31:17Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/HouqiyuA/a4834f3c8450f9d89e2bc4d5c4beef6a"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9PX-J846-3J9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-18 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:15Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Portal). Supported versions that are affected are 8.59 and 8.60. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with logon to the infrastructure where PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools executes to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.4 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-22014"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-18T21:15:12Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools product of Oracle PeopleSoft (component: Portal). Supported versions that are affected are 8.59 and 8.60. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with logon to the infrastructure where PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools executes to compromise PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.4 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-h9px-j846-3j9p",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:15:20Z",
"published": "2023-07-18T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-22014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9R9-RWMC-3WM5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-04-14 00:31 – Updated: 2026-04-14 00:31An Improper Access Control vulnerability could allow a malicious actor with access to the UniFi Play network to enable SSH to make unauthorized changes to the system.
Affected Products: UniFi Play PowerAmp (Version 1.0.35 and earlier)
UniFi Play Audio Port (Version 1.0.24 and earlier)
Mitigation: Update UniFi Play PowerAmp to Version 1.0.38 or later
Update UniFi Play Audio Port to Version 1.1.9 or later
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-22564"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-04-13T22:16:28Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An Improper Access Control vulnerability could allow a malicious actor with access to the UniFi Play network to enable SSH to make unauthorized changes to the system.\n \n\nAffected Products:\nUniFi Play PowerAmp (Version 1.0.35 and earlier)\n\nUniFi Play Audio Port\u00a0 (Version 1.0.24 and earlier)\n \n\nMitigation:\nUpdate UniFi Play PowerAmp to Version 1.0.38 or later\n\nUpdate UniFi Play Audio Port\u00a0 to Version 1.1.9 or later",
"id": "GHSA-h9r9-rwmc-3wm5",
"modified": "2026-04-14T00:31:11Z",
"published": "2026-04-14T00:31:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-22564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://community.ui.com/releases/Security-Advisory-Bulletin-063/e468dd4b-5090-4ef8-89d8-939903c08e83"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9V8-4XXX-5M3W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-06 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33The The Moneytizer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 9.5.20. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on multiple AJAX functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to to update and retrieve billing and bank details, update and reset the plugin's settings, and update languages as well as other lower-severity actions via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-6968"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-352"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-06T02:15:52Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The The Moneytizer plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Cross-Site Request Forgery in all versions up to, and including, 9.5.20. This is due to missing or incorrect nonce validation on multiple AJAX functions. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to to update and retrieve billing and bank details, update and reset the plugin\u0027s settings, and update languages as well as other lower-severity actions via a forged request granted they can trick a site administrator into performing an action such as clicking on a link.",
"id": "GHSA-h9v8-4xxx-5m3w",
"modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:19Z",
"published": "2024-06-06T03:30:56Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-6968"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3099347/the-moneytizer/trunk/core/core_ajax.php?old=3038641\u0026old_path=the-moneytizer%2Ftrunk%2Fcore%2Fcore_ajax.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/the-moneytizer"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/14351561-bd31-4aaa-931a-e72917458013?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9W9-2GGG-HQFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-31 06:31 – Updated: 2026-03-31 06:31A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Simple Doctors Appointment System up to 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /doctors_appointment/admin/ajax.php?action=save_category. Such manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-5181"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-31T05:16:12Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been found in SourceCodester Simple Doctors Appointment System up to 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /doctors_appointment/admin/ajax.php?action=save_category. Such manipulation of the argument img leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-h9w9-2ggg-hqfx",
"modified": "2026-03-31T06:31:44Z",
"published": "2026-03-31T06:31:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-5181"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/dyh1213-wq/cve/issues/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/submit/780375"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354249"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/vuln/354249/cti"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sourcecodester.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-H9XM-J4QG-FVPG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 21:37 – Updated: 2026-03-30 13:46Summary
In some opt-in sandbox configurations, the experimental apply_patch tool did not consistently apply workspace-only checks to mounted paths (for example /agent/...).
Impact
This does not affect default installs.
Default posture:
- agents.defaults.sandbox.mode=off (sandbox disabled by default)
- tools.exec.applyPatch.enabled=false (experimental tool disabled by default)
This behavior applies only when all of the following are enabled/configured:
- sandbox mode,
- experimental apply_patch,
- workspace-only expectations (tools.fs.workspaceOnly=true and/or tools.exec.applyPatch.workspaceOnly=true),
- and writable mounts outside workspace.
Under that opt-in setup, apply_patch operations could target mounted paths outside the workspace root.
Affected Packages / Versions
- Package:
openclaw(npm) - Affected published versions:
<= 2026.2.22-2 - Fixed in code on
main: commit6634030be31e1a1842967df046c2f2e47490e6bf - Patched release:
2026.2.23
Technical Details
In the sandbox path flow, apply_patch used sandbox.bridge.resolvePath(...) without applying the same workspace-root assertion used by other filesystem tools. The fix makes apply_patch follow the same workspace-only enforcement for sandbox-resolved paths (unless explicitly disabled with tools.exec.applyPatch.workspaceOnly=false).
Fix Commit(s)
6634030be31e1a1842967df046c2f2e47490e6bf
Release Process Note
patched_versions is pre-set to the released version (2026.2.23). Patched in 2026.2.23 and published.
OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.23"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32007"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T21:37:11Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-19T22:16:33Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Summary\nIn some opt-in sandbox configurations, the **experimental** `apply_patch` tool did not consistently apply workspace-only checks to mounted paths (for example `/agent/...`).\n\n### Impact\nThis does **not** affect default installs.\n\nDefault posture:\n- `agents.defaults.sandbox.mode=off` (sandbox disabled by default)\n- `tools.exec.applyPatch.enabled=false` (experimental tool disabled by default)\n\nThis behavior applies only when all of the following are enabled/configured:\n- sandbox mode,\n- experimental `apply_patch`,\n- workspace-only expectations (`tools.fs.workspaceOnly=true` and/or `tools.exec.applyPatch.workspaceOnly=true`),\n- and writable mounts outside workspace.\n\nUnder that opt-in setup, `apply_patch` operations could target mounted paths outside the workspace root.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- Package: `openclaw` (npm)\n- Affected published versions: `\u003c= 2026.2.22-2`\n- Fixed in code on `main`: commit `6634030be31e1a1842967df046c2f2e47490e6bf`\n- Patched release: `2026.2.23`\n\n### Technical Details\nIn the sandbox path flow, `apply_patch` used `sandbox.bridge.resolvePath(...)` without applying the same workspace-root assertion used by other filesystem tools. The fix makes `apply_patch` follow the same workspace-only enforcement for sandbox-resolved paths (unless explicitly disabled with `tools.exec.applyPatch.workspaceOnly=false`).\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `6634030be31e1a1842967df046c2f2e47490e6bf`\n\n### Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the released version (`2026.2.23`). Patched in `2026.2.23` and published.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-h9xm-j4qg-fvpg",
"modified": "2026-03-30T13:46:57Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T21:37:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-h9xm-j4qg-fvpg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/6634030be31e1a1842967df046c2f2e47490e6bf"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-sandbox-bypass-in-apply-patch-tool-via-workspace-only-check-bypass"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Experimental apply_patch may bypass workspace-only checks in opt-in sandbox mounts (off by default)"
}
GHSA-HC47-W8MM-QG2F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 04:03 – Updated: 2022-05-17 04:03Cisco Virtual TelePresence Server Software does not properly restrict use of the serial port, which allows local users to execute arbitrary OS commands as root by leveraging vSphere controller administrative privileges, aka Bug ID CSCus61123.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-0660"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2015-03-14T01:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Cisco Virtual TelePresence Server Software does not properly restrict use of the serial port, which allows local users to execute arbitrary OS commands as root by leveraging vSphere controller administrative privileges, aka Bug ID CSCus61123.",
"id": "GHSA-hc47-w8mm-qg2f",
"modified": "2022-05-17T04:03:59Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T04:03:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-0660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2015-0660"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1031924"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-HC4F-4MVR-7CV9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-11 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-17 00:00Zoho ManageEngine OpManager, OpManager Plus, OpManager MSP, Network Configuration Manager, NetFlow Analyzer, Firewall Analyzer, and OpUtils before 2022-07-27 through 2022-07-28 (125657, 126002, 126104, and 126118) allow unauthenticated attackers to obtain a user's API key, and then access external APIs.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-36923"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-755"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-08-10T20:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Zoho ManageEngine OpManager, OpManager Plus, OpManager MSP, Network Configuration Manager, NetFlow Analyzer, Firewall Analyzer, and OpUtils before 2022-07-27 through 2022-07-28 (125657, 126002, 126104, and 126118) allow unauthenticated attackers to obtain a user\u0027s API key, and then access external APIs.",
"id": "GHSA-hc4f-4mvr-7cv9",
"modified": "2022-08-17T00:00:24Z",
"published": "2022-08-11T00:00:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36923"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.manageengine.com/itom/advisory/cve-2022-36923.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-HC4H-J2XP-X4QX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Enterprise Infrastructure Security). Supported versions that are affected are 9.2.0.0-9.2.26.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46909"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:54:08Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools product of Oracle JD Edwards (component: Enterprise Infrastructure Security). Supported versions that are affected are 9.2.0.0-9.2.26.2. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of JD Edwards EnterpriseOne Tools. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-hc4h-j2xp-x4qx",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:36Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46909"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.