Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

8432 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-C2W9-H5R4-GC47

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-06-20 18:34 – Updated: 2025-03-14 03:31
VLAI
Details

Northern.tech Mender 3.3.x before 3.3.2 and 3.4.x before 3.4.0 has Incorrect Access Control and allows low-privileged users default read access to some sensitive device information.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-41324"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-06-20T17:15:50Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Northern.tech Mender 3.3.x before 3.3.2 and 3.4.x before 3.4.0 has Incorrect Access Control and allows low-privileged users default read access to some sensitive device information.",
  "id": "GHSA-c2w9-h5r4-gc47",
  "modified": "2025-03-14T03:31:23Z",
  "published": "2024-06-20T18:34:08Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41324"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://mender.io/blog/cve-2022-45929-cve-2022-41324-improper-access-control-for-low-privileged-users"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://northern.tech"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C32R-2V88-64QC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-11 18:31 – Updated: 2025-02-11 18:31
VLAI
Details

Visual Studio Code JS Debug Extension Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-24042"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-02-11T18:15:41Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Visual Studio Code JS Debug Extension Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
  "id": "GHSA-c32r-2v88-64qc",
  "modified": "2025-02-11T18:31:41Z",
  "published": "2025-02-11T18:31:41Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24042"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-24042"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C352-2VG8-M9GR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-24 00:30 – Updated: 2025-05-22 18:31
VLAI
Details

Insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 121.0.6167.85 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-0810"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-24T00:15:08Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Insufficient policy enforcement in DevTools in Google Chrome prior to 121.0.6167.85 allowed an attacker who convinced a user to install a malicious extension to leak cross-origin data via a crafted Chrome Extension. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-c352-2vg8-m9gr",
  "modified": "2025-05-22T18:31:13Z",
  "published": "2024-01-24T00:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-0810"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2024/01/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_23.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://crbug.com/1496250"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MMI6GXFONZV6HE3BPZO3AP6GUVQLG4JQ"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VXDSGAFQD4BDB4IB2O4ZUSHC3JCVQEKC"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C359-W8JQ-QFWQ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 00:31 – Updated: 2026-06-05 15:32
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate implementation in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted RAR file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-11210"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-04T23:17:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Inappropriate implementation in Safe Browsing in Google Chrome prior to 149.0.7827.53 allowed a remote attacker to bypass discretionary access control via a crafted RAR file. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-c359-w8jq-qfwq",
  "modified": "2026-06-05T15:32:19Z",
  "published": "2026-06-05T00:31:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-11210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/506473226"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C36C-7PC2-F2PH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 18:37 – Updated: 2026-03-06 15:16
VLAI
Summary
Gokapi has Data Leak in Upload Status Stream
Details

Description

The upload status SSE implementation on /uploadStatus publishes global upload state to any authenticated listener and includes file_id values that are not scoped to the requesting user.

Impact

Any authenticated user can observe other users' file identifiers and retrieve unauthorized content, causing cross-tenant data exposure and loss of confidentiality for uploaded documents.

Issue found by aisafe.io

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Go",
        "name": "github.com/forceu/gokapi"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "2.2.3"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-28682"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-200",
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-05T18:37:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-03-06T05:16:38Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "## Description\n\nThe upload status SSE implementation on `/uploadStatus` publishes global upload state to any authenticated listener and includes `file_id` values that are not scoped to the requesting user. \n\n## Impact\n\nAny authenticated user can observe other users\u0027 file identifiers and retrieve unauthorized content, causing cross-tenant data exposure and loss of confidentiality for uploaded documents.\n\n*Issue found by [aisafe.io](https://aisafe.io)*",
  "id": "GHSA-c36c-7pc2-f2ph",
  "modified": "2026-03-06T15:16:55Z",
  "published": "2026-03-05T18:37:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Forceu/Gokapi/security/advisories/GHSA-c36c-7pc2-f2ph"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28682"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/Forceu/Gokapi"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/Forceu/Gokapi/releases/tag/v2.2.3"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Gokapi has Data Leak in Upload Status Stream"
}

GHSA-C37C-P2GQ-C2G7

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-01-05 06:30 – Updated: 2025-01-05 06:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in ZeroWdd studentmanager 1.0. This issue affects the function addStudent/editStudent of the file src/main/Java/com/wdd/studentmanager/controller/StudentController. java. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-13133"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-01-05T05:15:07Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, has been found in ZeroWdd studentmanager 1.0. This issue affects the function addStudent/editStudent of the file src/main/Java/com/wdd/studentmanager/controller/StudentController. java. The manipulation of the argument file leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
  "id": "GHSA-c37c-p2gq-c2g7",
  "modified": "2025-01-05T06:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-01-05T06:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-13133"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ZeroWdd/studentmanager/issues/16"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/ZeroWdd/studentmanager/issues/16#issue-2755347097"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.290207"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.290207"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C38C-C8MH-VQ68

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-10 15:22 – Updated: 2024-01-11 15:41
VLAI
Summary
Pimcore Customer Data Framework Improper Access Control allows unprivileged user to access customers duplicates list
Details

Summary

An authenticated and unauthorized user can access the list of potential duplicate users and see their data.

Details

Permissions do not seem to be enforced when reaching the /admin/customermanagementframework/duplicates/list endpoint allowing an authenticated user without the permissions to access the endpoint and query the data available there. It seems that the access control is not enforced in this place : https://github.com/pimcore/customer-data-framework/blob/b4af625ef327c58d05ef7cdf145fa749d2d4195e/src/Controller/Admin/DuplicatesController.php#L43

PoC

In order to reproduce the issue, the following steps can be followed :

  1. As an administrator : a. Create a role without any permission through Settings → User & Roles → Roles in the administration panel b. Create an user through Settings → User & Roles → Users and assign it the unprivileged role previously created
  2. Log out the current administrator and log in with this new user
  3. Access to the following endpoint https://pimcore_instance/admin/customermanagementframework/duplicates/list and the results will be returned to this unauthorized user

Impact

An unauthorized user can access PII data from customers without being authorized to.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [
    {
      "package": {
        "ecosystem": "Packagist",
        "name": "pimcore/customer-management-framework-bundle"
      },
      "ranges": [
        {
          "events": [
            {
              "introduced": "0"
            },
            {
              "fixed": "4.0.6"
            }
          ],
          "type": "ECOSYSTEM"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-21666"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": true,
    "github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-10T15:22:48Z",
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-01-11T01:15:45Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "### Summary\nAn authenticated and unauthorized user can access the list of potential duplicate users and see their data.\n\n### Details\nPermissions do not seem to be enforced when reaching the `/admin/customermanagementframework/duplicates/list` endpoint allowing an authenticated user without the permissions to access the endpoint and query the data available there. It seems that the access control is not enforced in this place :\n\u003chttps://github.com/pimcore/customer-data-framework/blob/b4af625ef327c58d05ef7cdf145fa749d2d4195e/src/Controller/Admin/DuplicatesController.php#L43\u003e\n\n### PoC\nIn order to reproduce the issue, the following steps can be followed :\n\n1. As an administrator :\n  a. Create a role without any permission through Settings \u2192 User \u0026 Roles \u2192 Roles in the administration panel\n  b. Create an user through Settings \u2192 User \u0026 Roles \u2192 Users and assign it the unprivileged role previously created\n2. Log out the current administrator and log in with this new user\n3. Access to the following endpoint `https://pimcore_instance/admin/customermanagementframework/duplicates/list` and the results will be returned to this unauthorized user\n\n### Impact\nAn unauthorized user can access PII data from customers without being authorized to.\n",
  "id": "GHSA-c38c-c8mh-vq68",
  "modified": "2024-01-11T15:41:46Z",
  "published": "2024-01-10T15:22:48Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pimcore/customer-data-framework/security/advisories/GHSA-c38c-c8mh-vq68"
    },
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21666"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pimcore/customer-data-framework/commit/c33c0048390ef0cf98b801d46a81d0762243baa6"
    },
    {
      "type": "PACKAGE",
      "url": "https://github.com/pimcore/customer-data-framework"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/pimcore/customer-data-framework/blob/b4af625ef327c58d05ef7cdf145fa749d2d4195e/src/Controller/Admin/DuplicatesController.php#L43"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ],
  "summary": "Pimcore Customer Data Framework Improper Access Control allows unprivileged user to access customers duplicates list"
}

GHSA-C3C2-F5JM-J2FX

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:22 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:22
VLAI
Details

Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.54 and 8.55 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via vectors related to Mobile Application Platform.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2016-8291"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2016-10-25T14:32:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Unspecified vulnerability in the PeopleSoft Enterprise PeopleTools component in Oracle PeopleSoft Products 8.54 and 8.55 allows remote attackers to affect confidentiality and integrity via vectors related to Mobile Application Platform.",
  "id": "GHSA-c3c2-f5jm-j2fx",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T02:22:43Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T02:22:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8291"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93716"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1037046"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C3F5-4G7F-QJQJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-05 09:33 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability in the JCE editor extension for Joomla allows the creation of new editor profiles for unauthenticated users, ultimately resulting in PHP code upload and execution.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-48907"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-05T08:16:30Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability in the JCE editor extension for Joomla allows the creation of new editor profiles for unauthenticated users, ultimately resulting in PHP code upload and execution.",
  "id": "GHSA-c3f5-4g7f-qjqj",
  "modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:14Z",
  "published": "2026-06-05T09:33:46Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-48907"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2026-48907"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.joomlacontenteditor.net"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.joomlacontenteditor.net/news/jce-security-update-and-a-free-patch-for-older-sites"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/E:A/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:Y/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:Red",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-C3FP-4GQ7-M24G

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:14 – Updated: 2025-04-12 12:49
VLAI
Details

vmware-vmx.exe in VMware Workstation 7.x through 10.x before 10.0.7 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 5.x and 6.x before 6.0.7 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not provide a valid DACL pointer during the setup of the vprintproxy.exe process, which allows host OS users to gain host OS privileges by injecting a thread.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2015-3650"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2015-07-10T17:59:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "vmware-vmx.exe in VMware Workstation 7.x through 10.x before 10.0.7 and 11.x before 11.1.1, VMware Player 5.x and 6.x before 6.0.7 and 7.x before 7.1.1, and VMware Horizon Client 5.x local-mode before 5.4.2 on Windows does not provide a valid DACL pointer during the setup of the vprintproxy.exe process, which allows host OS users to gain host OS privileges by injecting a thread.",
  "id": "GHSA-c3fp-4gq7-m24g",
  "modified": "2025-04-12T12:49:40Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T03:14:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-3650"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.nettitude.co.uk/vmware-multiple-products-privilege-escalation"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032822"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1032823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2015-0005.html"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.