CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8430 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-9PPW-7P8W-H9G2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-19 18:32 – Updated: 2025-02-19 18:32A vulnerability in the email filtering mechanism of Cisco Secure Email Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the configured rules and allow emails that should have been denied to flow through an affected device.
This vulnerability is due to improper handling of email that passes through an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted email through the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass email filters on the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-20153"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-19T16:15:40Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in the email filtering mechanism of Cisco Secure Email Gateway could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass the configured rules and allow emails that should have been denied to flow through an affected device. \u0026nbsp;\n\nThis vulnerability is due to improper handling of email that passes through an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted email through the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass email filters on the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-9ppw-7p8w-h9g2",
"modified": "2025-02-19T18:32:23Z",
"published": "2025-02-19T18:32:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-20153"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-esa-mailpol-bypass-5nVcJZMw"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9PR5-QQ3C-FCV3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-05-15 12:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 15:30Improper Access Control in SICK FTMg AIR FLOW SENSOR with Partnumbers 1100214, 1100215, 1100216, 1120114, 1120116, 1122524, 1122526 allows an unprivileged remote attacker to gain unauthorized access to data fields by using a therefore unpriviledged account via the REST interface.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-23445"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-05-15T11:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Access Control in SICK FTMg AIR FLOW SENSOR with Partnumbers\n1100214, 1100215, 1100216, 1120114, 1120116, 1122524, 1122526 allows an unprivileged remote\nattacker to gain unauthorized access to data fields by using a therefore unpriviledged account via the\nREST interface.",
"id": "GHSA-9pr5-qq3c-fcv3",
"modified": "2026-06-01T15:30:30Z",
"published": "2023-05-15T12:30:16Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-23445"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2023/sca-2023-0004.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/.well-known/csaf/white/2023/sca-2023-0004.pdf"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sick.com/psirt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9PVX-FWWH-W289
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 00:56 – Updated: 2024-01-16 21:20Puppet 2.6.0 through 2.6.3 does not properly restrict access to node resources, which allows remote authenticated Puppet nodes to read or modify the resources of other nodes via unspecified vectors.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.6.3"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "RubyGems",
"name": "puppet"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.6.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2011-0528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-01-16T21:20:45Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2014-02-17T16:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Puppet 2.6.0 through 2.6.3 does not properly restrict access to node resources, which allows remote authenticated Puppet nodes to read or modify the resources of other nodes via unspecified vectors.",
"id": "GHSA-9pvx-fwwh-w289",
"modified": "2024-01-16T21:20:45Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T00:56:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2011-0528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet/commit/eee1a9cdaa5cab6222c8e6ab087d319f976fa4e3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/puppetlabs/puppet"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rubysec/ruby-advisory-db/blob/master/gems/puppet/CVE-2011-0528.yml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.mail-archive.com/puppet-users@googlegroups.com/msg16429.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/01/27/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2011/01/31/5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1365-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Puppet does not properly restrict access to node resources"
}
GHSA-9Q36-67VC-RRWG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-09 19:54 – Updated: 2026-03-30 13:31Summary
Sandboxed requester sessions could reach host-side ACP session initialization through /acp spawn.
OpenClaw already blocked sessions_spawn({ runtime: "acp" }) from sandboxed sessions, but the slash-command path initialized ACP directly without applying the same host-runtime guard first.
Affected Packages / Versions
- npm package:
openclaw - Affected versions:
<= 2026.3.2 - Patched version:
>= 2026.3.7
Details
ACP sessions run on the host, not inside the OpenClaw sandbox. The direct ACP spawn path in src/agents/acp-spawn.ts already denied sandboxed requesters, but /acp spawn in src/auto-reply/reply/commands-acp/lifecycle.ts called initializeSession(...) without first applying the same restriction.
In affected versions, an already authorized sender in a sandboxed session could use /acp spawn to cross from sandboxed chat context into host-side ACP runtime initialization when ACP was enabled and a backend was available.
Fix Commit(s)
61000b8e4ded919ca1a825d4700db4cb3fdc56e3
Fix Details
The fix introduced a shared ACP runtime-policy guard in src/agents/acp-spawn.ts and reused it from the /acp spawn handler in src/auto-reply/reply/commands-acp/lifecycle.ts before any ACP backend initialization. Regression coverage was added in src/auto-reply/reply/commands-acp.test.ts to prove sandboxed /acp spawn requests are rejected early, while existing ACP spawn behavior for non-sandboxed sessions remains unchanged.
Release Process Note
Patched version is pre-set to 2026.3.7 so the advisory can be published once that npm release is available.
Thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.3.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.3.7"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-27646"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-693",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-09T19:54:54Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-23T22:16:25Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "### Summary\nSandboxed requester sessions could reach host-side ACP session initialization through `/acp spawn`.\n\nOpenClaw already blocked `sessions_spawn({ runtime: \"acp\" })` from sandboxed sessions, but the slash-command path initialized ACP directly without applying the same host-runtime guard first.\n\n### Affected Packages / Versions\n- npm package: `openclaw`\n- Affected versions: `\u003c= 2026.3.2`\n- Patched version: `\u003e= 2026.3.7`\n\n### Details\nACP sessions run on the host, not inside the OpenClaw sandbox. The direct ACP spawn path in `src/agents/acp-spawn.ts` already denied sandboxed requesters, but `/acp spawn` in `src/auto-reply/reply/commands-acp/lifecycle.ts` called `initializeSession(...)` without first applying the same restriction.\n\nIn affected versions, an already authorized sender in a sandboxed session could use `/acp spawn` to cross from sandboxed chat context into host-side ACP runtime initialization when ACP was enabled and a backend was available.\n\n### Fix Commit(s)\n- `61000b8e4ded919ca1a825d4700db4cb3fdc56e3`\n\n### Fix Details\nThe fix introduced a shared ACP runtime-policy guard in `src/agents/acp-spawn.ts` and reused it from the `/acp spawn` handler in `src/auto-reply/reply/commands-acp/lifecycle.ts` before any ACP backend initialization. Regression coverage was added in `src/auto-reply/reply/commands-acp.test.ts` to prove sandboxed `/acp spawn` requests are rejected early, while existing ACP spawn behavior for non-sandboxed sessions remains unchanged.\n\n### Release Process Note\nPatched version is pre-set to `2026.3.7` so the advisory can be published once that npm release is available.\n\nThanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-9q36-67vc-rrwg",
"modified": "2026-03-30T13:31:02Z",
"published": "2026-03-09T19:54:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-9q36-67vc-rrwg"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27646"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/61000b8e4ded919ca1a825d4700db4cb3fdc56e3"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/releases/tag/v2026.3.7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-mar-sandbox-escape-via-acp-spawn-command"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw: Sandboxed /acp spawn requests could initialize host ACP sessions"
}
GHSA-9Q56-JVPQ-49FQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-16 09:30 – Updated: 2023-11-16 09:30Dell OS Recovery Tool, versions 2.2.4013, 2.3.7012.0, and 2.3.7515.0 contain an Improper Access Control Vulnerability. A local authenticated non-administrator user could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the elevation of privilege on the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-39259"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-16T09:15:07Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "\nDell OS Recovery Tool, versions 2.2.4013, 2.3.7012.0, and 2.3.7515.0 contain an Improper Access Control Vulnerability. A local authenticated non-administrator user could potentially exploit this vulnerability, leading to the elevation of privilege on the system.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-9q56-jvpq-49fq",
"modified": "2023-11-16T09:30:24Z",
"published": "2023-11-16T09:30:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39259"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000217078/dsa-2023-319dsa-2023-319"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q58-VR2C-5H84
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:32 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:32An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA GPU driver could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of the kernel. This issue is rated as Critical due to the possibility of a local permanent device compromise, which may require reflashing the operating system to repair the device. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.10. Android ID: A-31910462. References: N-CVE-2016-6777.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6777"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA GPU driver could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of the kernel. This issue is rated as Critical due to the possibility of a local permanent device compromise, which may require reflashing the operating system to repair the device. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.10. Android ID: A-31910462. References: N-CVE-2016-6777.",
"id": "GHSA-9q58-vr2c-5h84",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:32:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:32:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6777"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-12-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94674"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q5V-Q9FP-GVF4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in Oracle GoldenGate (component: Admin Server Executable). Supported versions that are affected are 19.1.0.0.0-19.30.0.0, 21.3-21.21 and 23.4-23.26.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle GoldenGate. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle GoldenGate. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60400"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:42Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in Oracle GoldenGate (component: Admin Server Executable). Supported versions that are affected are 19.1.0.0.0-19.30.0.0, 21.3-21.21 and 23.4-23.26.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle GoldenGate. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle GoldenGate. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-9q5v-q9fp-gvf4",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:39Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:39Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60400"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q7F-F85H-JJ75
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Connector Framework). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46988"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:03Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Connector Framework). Supported versions that are affected are 13.5 and 24.1. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with network access via HTTPS to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.2 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-9q7f-f85h-jj75",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:12Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:12Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46988"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q96-MP6Q-XP49
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-25 21:30 – Updated: 2023-04-25 21:30Improper access control in Odoo Community 15.0 and earlier and Odoo Enterprise 15.0 and earlier allows attackers to validate online payments with a tokenized payment method that belongs to another user, causing the victim's payment method to be charged instead.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-23178"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-25T19:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Odoo Community 15.0 and earlier and Odoo Enterprise 15.0 and earlier allows attackers to validate online payments with a tokenized payment method that belongs to another user, causing the victim\u0027s payment method to be charged instead.",
"id": "GHSA-9q96-mp6q-xp49",
"modified": "2023-04-25T21:30:28Z",
"published": "2023-04-25T21:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-23178"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/odoo/odoo/issues/107690"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5399"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-9Q9V-GCPR-JQGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-25 03:31 – Updated: 2026-03-25 21:30A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, tvOS 26.4, visionOS 26.4, watchOS 26.4. An app may be able to fingerprint the user.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-28863"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-25T01:17:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A permissions issue was addressed with additional restrictions. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.4 and iPadOS 26.4, tvOS 26.4, visionOS 26.4, watchOS 26.4. An app may be able to fingerprint the user.",
"id": "GHSA-9q9v-gcpr-jqgv",
"modified": "2026-03-25T21:30:31Z",
"published": "2026-03-25T03:31:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-28863"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126792"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/126799"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.