CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
8430 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-98XH-6375-3C4M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:32 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:32Vulnerability in the Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager product of Oracle Commerce (component: Endeca Application Controller). The supported version that is affected is 11.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-61161"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:18:47Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager product of Oracle Commerce (component: Endeca Application Controller). The supported version that is affected is 11.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle Commerce Guided Search / Oracle Commerce Experience Manager. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.8 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-98xh-6375-3c4m",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:32:19Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:32:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-61161"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-98XV-GR2J-JQ6Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-22 00:31 – Updated: 2026-07-22 00:31Vulnerability in the WebCenter Content: Imaging product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise WebCenter Content: Imaging. While the vulnerability is in WebCenter Content: Imaging, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all WebCenter Content: Imaging accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of WebCenter Content: Imaging accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.5 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-60452"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-21T22:17:47Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the WebCenter Content: Imaging product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Core). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise WebCenter Content: Imaging. While the vulnerability is in WebCenter Content: Imaging, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all WebCenter Content: Imaging accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of WebCenter Content: Imaging accessible data. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.5 (Confidentiality and Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).",
"id": "GHSA-98xv-gr2j-jq6q",
"modified": "2026-07-22T00:31:42Z",
"published": "2026-07-22T00:31:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-60452"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-995Q-RMR5-RRMG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-08 18:30 – Updated: 2026-03-08 18:30A weakness has been identified in Bytedesk up to 1.3.9. This vulnerability affects the function handleFileUpload of the file source-code/src/main/java/com/bytedesk/core/upload/UploadRestService.java of the component SVG File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 1.4.5.1 is able to resolve this issue. This patch is called 975e39e4dd527596987559f56c5f9f973f64eff7. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-3749"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-434"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-08T16:16:02Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A weakness has been identified in Bytedesk up to 1.3.9. This vulnerability affects the function handleFileUpload of the file source-code/src/main/java/com/bytedesk/core/upload/UploadRestService.java of the component SVG File Handler. Executing a manipulation can lead to unrestricted upload. The attack can be executed remotely. The exploit has been made available to the public and could be used for attacks. Upgrading to version 1.4.5.1 is able to resolve this issue. This patch is called 975e39e4dd527596987559f56c5f9f973f64eff7. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component.",
"id": "GHSA-995q-rmr5-rrmg",
"modified": "2026-03-08T18:30:28Z",
"published": "2026-03-08T18:30:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-3749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19#issue-3993480676"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/issues/19#issuecomment-3976672845"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/commit/975e39e4dd527596987559f56c5f9f973f64eff7"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Bytedesk/bytedesk/releases/tag/v1.4.5.1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.349727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.349727"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.768030"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-997R-3G6V-PH4J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-02-06 06:30 – Updated: 2024-02-06 06:30Memory corruption in Automotive Multimedia due to improper access control in HAB.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43517"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-787"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-02-06T06:16:01Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Memory corruption in Automotive Multimedia due to improper access control in HAB.",
"id": "GHSA-997r-3g6v-ph4j",
"modified": "2024-02-06T06:30:31Z",
"published": "2024-02-06T06:30:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43517"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/company/product-security/bulletins/february-2024-bulletin"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99FF-699P-48PH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-16 00:30 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:34This issue was addressed with improved entitlements. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-43207"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-15T23:15:30Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "This issue was addressed with improved entitlements. This issue is fixed in macOS Tahoe 26. An app may be able to access user-sensitive data.",
"id": "GHSA-99ff-699p-48ph",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:34:28Z",
"published": "2025-09-16T00:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-43207"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/125110"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Sep/53"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99M2-QWX6-2W6F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-08 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-17 01:11Incorrect access control in the Identity Provider service of usememos memos v0.25.2 allows attackers with low-level privileges to arbitrarily modify or delete registered identity providers, leading to an account takeover or Denial of Service (DoS).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/usememos/memos"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "0.25.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-65797"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-12-09T17:18:36Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-08T17:16:21Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in the Identity Provider service of usememos memos v0.25.2 allows attackers with low-level privileges to arbitrarily modify or delete registered identity providers, leading to an account takeover or Denial of Service (DoS).",
"id": "GHSA-99m2-qwx6-2w6f",
"modified": "2025-12-17T01:11:40Z",
"published": "2025-12-08T18:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-65797"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos/pull/5217"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos/commit/769dcd0cf9be83d472829f6e7903b201e42f6b3c"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-99m2-qwx6-2w6f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/usememos/memos"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://herolab.usd.de/security-advisories/usd-2025-0057"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://memos.com"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://usememos.com"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "memos vulnerability allows arbitrarily modification or deletion registered identity providers"
}
GHSA-99QC-CF4C-HWMQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-19 15:30 – Updated: 2024-03-21 03:35** UNSUPPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Devices ekorCCP and ekorRCI are vulnerable due to access to the FTP service using default credentials. Exploitation of this vulnerability can allow an attacker to modify critical files that could allow the creation of new users, delete or modify existing users, modify configuration files, install rootkits or backdoors.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-47558"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-798"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-19T13:16:21Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "** UNSUPPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Devices ekorCCP and ekorRCI are vulnerable due to access to the FTP service using default credentials. Exploitation of this vulnerability can allow an attacker to modify critical files that could allow the creation of new users, delete or modify existing users, modify configuration files, install rootkits or backdoors.",
"id": "GHSA-99qc-cf4c-hwmq",
"modified": "2024-03-21T03:35:47Z",
"published": "2023-09-19T15:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-47558"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.incibe.es/en/incibe-cert/notices/aviso-sci/multiple-vulnerabilities-ormazabal-products"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99QV-RXPJ-Q62M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-03-12 18:31 – Updated: 2024-03-12 18:31Microsoft Intune Linux Agent Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-26201"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-03-12T17:15:58Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Microsoft Intune Linux Agent Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability",
"id": "GHSA-99qv-rxpj-q62m",
"modified": "2024-03-12T18:31:14Z",
"published": "2024-03-12T18:31:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-26201"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2024-26201"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-99R4-CJP4-3HMX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-22 15:49 – Updated: 2024-05-23 13:57Impact
Collaboration administrators can add extra organizations to their collaboration. When doing that, they extend their influence: for instance, for organizations that they include, they can then create new users for which they know the passwords, and use that to read task results of other collaborations that that organization is involved in.
Only relatively trusted users - with access to manage a collaboration - are able to do this, which reduces the impact.
Patches
No
Workarounds
No
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "vantage6"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "4.5.0rc3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32969"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2024-05-22T15:49:14Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-23T09:15:09Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "### Impact\nCollaboration administrators can add extra organizations to their collaboration. When doing that, they extend their influence: for instance, for organizations that they include, they can then create new users for which they know the passwords, and use that to read task results of other collaborations that that organization is involved in.\n\nOnly relatively trusted users - with access to manage a collaboration - are able to do this, which reduces the impact.\n\n### Patches\nNo\n\n### Workarounds\nNo\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-99r4-cjp4-3hmx",
"modified": "2024-05-23T13:57:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-22T15:49:14Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vantage6/vantage6/security/advisories/GHSA-99r4-cjp4-3hmx"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32969"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/vantage6/vantage6/commit/27f4ee3fade5f4cbcf3e60899c9a2a91145e0b56"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/vantage6/vantage6"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "vantage6 collaboration admins can extend their influence by expanding the collaboration"
}
GHSA-99RF-92V6-CWX4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:57 – Updated: 2022-07-12 22:16The replay-countermeasure functionality in the HTTP Digest Access Authentication implementation in Apache Tomcat 5.5.x before 5.5.36, 6.x before 6.0.36, and 7.x before 7.0.30 tracks cnonce (aka client nonce) values instead of nonce (aka server nonce) and nc (aka nonce-count) values, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by sniffing the network for valid requests, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-1184.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.5.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.0.36"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Maven",
"name": "org.apache.tomcat:tomcat"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "7.0.0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.30"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2012-5885"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2022-07-12T22:16:48Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2012-11-17T19:55:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The replay-countermeasure functionality in the HTTP Digest Access Authentication implementation in Apache Tomcat 5.5.x before 5.5.36, 6.x before 6.0.36, and 7.x before 7.0.30 tracks cnonce (aka client nonce) values instead of nonce (aka server nonce) and nc (aka nonce-count) values, which makes it easier for remote attackers to bypass intended access restrictions by sniffing the network for valid requests, a different vulnerability than CVE-2011-1184.",
"id": "GHSA-99rf-92v6-cwx4",
"modified": "2022-07-12T22:16:48Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:57:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/80408"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://oval.cisecurity.org/repository/search/definition/oval%3Aorg.mitre.oval%3Adef%3A19432"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-12/msg00089.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2012-12/msg00090.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-updates/2013-01/msg00037.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=136485229118404\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://marc.info/?l=bugtraq\u0026m=136612293908376\u0026w=2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0623.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0629.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0631.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0632.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0640.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0647.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0648.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0726.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1377807"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1380829"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://svn.apache.org/viewvc?view=revision\u0026revision=1392248"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-5.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-6.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tomcat.apache.org/security-7.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www-01.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21626891"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1637-1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [],
"summary": "Improper Access Control in Apache Tomcat"
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.