CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-7XCG-8H7R-RGFX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-15 21:31 – Updated: 2025-05-16 15:30Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). The supported version that is affected is 7.1.6. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-30712"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-190",
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-15T21:16:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle VM VirtualBox product of Oracle Virtualization (component: Core). The supported version that is affected is 7.1.6. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle VM VirtualBox executes to compromise Oracle VM VirtualBox. While the vulnerability is in Oracle VM VirtualBox, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle VM VirtualBox accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle VM VirtualBox. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L).",
"id": "GHSA-7xcg-8h7r-rgfx",
"modified": "2025-05-16T15:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-04-15T21:31:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/google/security-research/security/advisories/GHSA-qx2m-rcpc-v43v"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30712"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2025.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XCR-378W-QQG3
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:44 – Updated: 2024-04-04 00:03The Snapweb interface before version 0.21.2 was exposing controls to install or remove snap packages without controlling the identity of the user, nor the origin of the connection. An attacker could have used the controls to remotely add a valid, but malicious, snap package, from the Store, potentially using system resources without permission from the legitimate administrator of the system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-1587"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-04-22T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Snapweb interface before version 0.21.2 was exposing controls to install or remove snap packages without controlling the identity of the user, nor the origin of the connection. An attacker could have used the controls to remotely add a valid, but malicious, snap package, from the Store, potentially using system resources without permission from the legitimate administrator of the system.",
"id": "GHSA-7xcr-378w-qqg3",
"modified": "2024-04-04T00:03:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T16:44:08Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-1587"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/snapcore/snapweb/commit/3f4cf9403f7687fbc8e27c0e01b2cf6aa5e7e0d5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XFW-WJQP-G457
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-05 21:30 – Updated: 2026-03-06 12:30A broken access control vulnerability in the password reset functionality of Tata Consultancy Services Cognix Recon Client v3.0 allows authenticated users to reset passwords of arbitrary user accounts via crafted requests.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-26417"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-05T19:16:04Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A broken access control vulnerability in the password reset functionality of Tata Consultancy Services Cognix Recon Client v3.0 allows authenticated users to reset passwords of arbitrary user accounts via crafted requests.",
"id": "GHSA-7xfw-wjqp-g457",
"modified": "2026-03-06T12:30:30Z",
"published": "2026-03-05T21:30:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-26417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aksalsalimi/CVE-2026-26417"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/aksalsalimi/cognix-recon-client-security-advisories"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XHV-HCMF-4RFV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-20 21:31 – Updated: 2026-01-20 21:31A flaw in Node.js's permission model allows Unix Domain Socket (UDS) connections to bypass network restrictions when --permission is enabled. Even without --allow-net, attacker-controlled inputs (such as URLs or socketPath options) can connect to arbitrary local sockets via net, tls, or undici/fetch. This breaks the intended security boundary of the permission model and enables access to privileged local services, potentially leading to privilege escalation, data exposure, or local code execution.
- The issue affects users of the Node.js permission model on version v25.
In the moment of this vulnerability, network permissions (--allow-net) are still in the experimental phase.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-21636"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-01-20T21:16:05Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A flaw in Node.js\u0027s permission model allows Unix Domain Socket (UDS) connections to bypass network restrictions when `--permission` is enabled. Even without `--allow-net`, attacker-controlled inputs (such as URLs or socketPath options) can connect to arbitrary local sockets via net, tls, or undici/fetch. This breaks the intended security boundary of the permission model and enables access to privileged local services, potentially leading to privilege escalation, data exposure, or local code execution.\n\n* The issue affects users of the Node.js permission model on version v25.\n\nIn the moment of this vulnerability, network permissions (`--allow-net`) are still in the experimental phase.",
"id": "GHSA-7xhv-hcmf-4rfv",
"modified": "2026-01-20T21:31:35Z",
"published": "2026-01-20T21:31:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-21636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/december-2025-security-releases"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XMW-644W-WP3M
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-27 00:30 – Updated: 2025-03-04 21:30Unifiedtransform v2.X is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Unauthorized users can access and manipulate endpoints intended exclusively for administrative use. This issue specifically affects teacher/edit/{id}.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-53573"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-26T22:15:14Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Unifiedtransform v2.X is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Unauthorized users can access and manipulate endpoints intended exclusively for administrative use. This issue specifically affects teacher/edit/{id}.",
"id": "GHSA-7xmw-644w-wp3m",
"modified": "2025-03-04T21:30:54Z",
"published": "2025-02-27T00:30:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-53573"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://drive.google.com/file/d/14Or6QIpOeLEqdFm1mwxdE_NNCOwMmcFc/view"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.getastra.com/blog/vulnerability/improper-access-control-in-school-management-system-unifiedtransform"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-7XW9-549R-8JRC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-13 18:38 – Updated: 2026-07-13 18:38Details
A number of the functions in PilotManager pass parameters directly through to the database layer, which then does not do any escaping on the parameters. For example setPilotStatus: https://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/blob/1738e7c6d2f31d26f1364255d9d2e87b4896c922/src/DIRAC/WorkloadManagementSystem/Service/PilotManagerHandler.py#L343-L349
https://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/blob/1738e7c6d2f31d26f1364255d9d2e87b4896c922/src/DIRAC/WorkloadManagementSystem/DB/PilotAgentsDB.py#L117
This won't accept multiple statements separated by a semicolon, but a carefully crafted set of parameters containing SQL escapes would likely be able to change or return other database entries.
Further to this, the PilotManager access control is only set to "authenticated"; this allows these functions to be called by any user. This allows any user to manage (e.g. delete, read output of) any pilot pilot job: https://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/blob/1738e7c6d2f31d26f1364255d9d2e87b4896c922/src/DIRAC/WorkloadManagementSystem/ConfigTemplate.cfg#L111-L118
This is fixed by changing the SQL statements to use proper parameter substitution and providing a suitable set of access rules for the exported pilot management functions.
Patched versions:
https://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/8.0.79/ https://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/9.0.22/ https://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/9.1.10/
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "DIRAC"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6"
},
{
"fixed": "8.0.79"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "DIRAC"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "8.1.0a1"
},
{
"fixed": "9.0.22"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "DIRAC"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "9.1.0"
},
{
"fixed": "9.1.10"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284",
"CWE-89"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-13T18:38:13Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Details\nA number of the functions in PilotManager pass parameters directly through to the database layer, which then does not do any escaping on the parameters. For example setPilotStatus:\nhttps://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/blob/1738e7c6d2f31d26f1364255d9d2e87b4896c922/src/DIRAC/WorkloadManagementSystem/Service/PilotManagerHandler.py#L343-L349\n\nhttps://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/blob/1738e7c6d2f31d26f1364255d9d2e87b4896c922/src/DIRAC/WorkloadManagementSystem/DB/PilotAgentsDB.py#L117\n\nThis won\u0027t accept multiple statements separated by a semicolon, but a carefully crafted set of parameters containing SQL escapes would likely be able to change or return other database entries.\n\nFurther to this, the PilotManager access control is only set to \"authenticated\"; this allows these functions to be called by any user. This allows any user to manage (e.g. delete, read output of) any pilot pilot job:\nhttps://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/blob/1738e7c6d2f31d26f1364255d9d2e87b4896c922/src/DIRAC/WorkloadManagementSystem/ConfigTemplate.cfg#L111-L118\n\nThis is fixed by changing the SQL statements to use proper parameter substitution and providing a suitable set of access rules for the exported pilot management functions.\n\n### Patched versions:\nhttps://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/8.0.79/\nhttps://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/9.0.22/\nhttps://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/9.1.10/",
"id": "GHSA-7xw9-549r-8jrc",
"modified": "2026-07-13T18:38:13Z",
"published": "2026-07-13T18:38:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC/security/advisories/GHSA-7xw9-549r-8jrc"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/DIRACGrid/DIRAC"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/8.0.79"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/9.0.22"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pypi.org/project/DIRAC/9.1.10"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "DIRAC: SQL injection and lack of access control in PilotManager service"
}
GHSA-8228-R7HV-MF77
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31Inappropriate implementation in Sharing in Google Chrome on Android prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-13932"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Inappropriate implementation in Sharing in Google Chrome on Android prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to leak cross-origin data via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
"id": "GHSA-8228-r7hv-mf77",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:32Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T00:34:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13932"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/513001690"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-825J-58V6-2W86
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-17 18:35 – Updated: 2026-06-17 18:35Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Client Bundle). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via T3, IIOP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-35281"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-17T10:40:20Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture product of Oracle Fusion Middleware (component: Client Bundle). Supported versions that are affected are 12.2.1.4.0 and 14.1.2.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via T3, IIOP to compromise Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture. While the vulnerability is in Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of Oracle WebCenter Enterprise Capture. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 9.9 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-825j-58v6-2w86",
"modified": "2026-06-17T18:35:22Z",
"published": "2026-06-17T18:35:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-35281"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cspujun2026.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-826W-MM29-V685
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-31 18:30 – Updated: 2023-12-31 18:30A vulnerability was found in MTab Bookmark up to 1.2.6 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file public/install.php of the component Installation. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-249395. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-7193"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-31T17:15:08Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in MTab Bookmark up to 1.2.6 and classified as critical. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file public/install.php of the component Installation. The manipulation leads to improper access controls. The complexity of an attack is rather high. The exploitation is known to be difficult. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The associated identifier of this vulnerability is VDB-249395. NOTE: The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
"id": "GHSA-826w-mm29-v685",
"modified": "2023-12-31T18:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-12-31T18:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-7193"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://note.zhaoj.in/share/StNQi1dYnB5w"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.249395"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.249395"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-8283-MPRV-VC6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:44 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:44A flaw was discovered in OpenShift Container Platform 4 where, by default, users with access to create pods also have the ability to schedule workloads on master nodes. Pods with permission to access the host network, running on master nodes, can retrieve security credentials for the master AWS IAM role, allowing management access to AWS resources. With access to the security credentials, the user then has access to the entire infrastructure. Impact to data and system availability is high.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-10200"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-19T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A flaw was discovered in OpenShift Container Platform 4 where, by default, users with access to create pods also have the ability to schedule workloads on master nodes. Pods with permission to access the host network, running on master nodes, can retrieve security credentials for the master AWS IAM role, allowing management access to AWS resources. With access to the security credentials, the user then has access to the entire infrastructure. Impact to data and system availability is high.",
"id": "GHSA-8283-mprv-vc6w",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:44:54Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:44:54Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-10200"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openshift/cluster-kube-apiserver-operator/pull/524"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1730161"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.