Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-284

Discouraged

Improper Access Control

Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete

The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.

7792 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-73CV-G86J-HX5C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-25 18:30 – Updated: 2025-09-26 21:30
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Stormshield Network Security (SNS) before 5.0.1. TPM authentication information could, in some HA use cases, be shared among administrators, which can cause secret sharing.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-48707"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-25T18:15:42Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Stormshield Network Security (SNS) before 5.0.1. TPM authentication information could, in some HA use cases, be shared among administrators, which can cause secret sharing.",
  "id": "GHSA-73cv-g86j-hx5c",
  "modified": "2025-09-26T21:30:28Z",
  "published": "2025-09-25T18:30:34Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-48707"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://advisories.stormshield.eu/2025-003"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73F4-R8C7-58Q3

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-12-12 12:31 – Updated: 2024-12-12 12:31
VLAI
Details

Vulnerability of improper access control in the MTP module Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect integrity and accuracy.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-54096"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2024-12-12T12:15:22Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Vulnerability of improper access control in the MTP module\nImpact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect integrity and accuracy.",
  "id": "GHSA-73f4-r8c7-58q3",
  "modified": "2024-12-12T12:31:15Z",
  "published": "2024-12-12T12:31:15Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-54096"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://consumer.huawei.com/en/support/bulletin/2024/12"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73G5-7FVX-CPR5

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-12 18:30 – Updated: 2026-05-12 18:30
VLAI
Details

Improper access control in Azure Logic Apps allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-42823"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-12T18:17:25Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control in Azure Logic Apps allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges over a network.",
  "id": "GHSA-73g5-7fvx-cpr5",
  "modified": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
  "published": "2026-05-12T18:30:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42823"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-42823"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73G7-FX7P-H5V2

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-04 03:30 – Updated: 2026-04-08 18:33
VLAI
Details

The DocCheck Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized post access in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5. This is due to plugin redirecting a user to login on a password protected post after the page has loaded. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read posts they should not have access to.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-6786"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-07-04T03:15:23Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "The DocCheck Login plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized post access in all versions up to, and including, 1.1.5. This is due to plugin redirecting a user to login on a password protected post after the page has loaded. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read posts they should not have access to.",
  "id": "GHSA-73g7-fx7p-h5v2",
  "modified": "2026-04-08T18:33:54Z",
  "published": "2025-07-04T03:30:32Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-6786"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail=\u0026reponame=\u0026old=3332723%40doccheck-login\u0026new=3332723%40doccheck-login\u0026sfp_email=\u0026sfph_mail="
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/doccheck-login"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/0739b5ec-b1c4-4451-97c1-f8d5ed26a2d5?source=cve"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73H2-64HC-Q23C

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 00:34 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31
VLAI
Details

Inappropriate implementation in Media in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-13931"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-30T23:17:06Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Inappropriate implementation in Media in Google Chrome on Windows prior to 150.0.7871.47 allowed a remote attacker who had compromised the renderer process to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. (Chromium security severity: Medium)",
  "id": "GHSA-73h2-64hc-q23c",
  "modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:32Z",
  "published": "2026-07-01T00:34:06Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-13931"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2026/06/stable-channel-update-for-desktop_0175352312.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://issues.chromium.org/issues/512997441"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73HH-P4J2-J7GJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-19 12:00 – Updated: 2025-05-08 21:32
VLAI
Details

OcoMon 4.0RC1 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Through a request the user can obtain the real email, sending the same request with correct email its possible to account takeover.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-40798"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-10-19T02:15:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "OcoMon 4.0RC1 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control. Through a request the user can obtain the real email, sending the same request with correct email its possible to account takeover.",
  "id": "GHSA-73hh-p4j2-j7gj",
  "modified": "2025-05-08T21:32:39Z",
  "published": "2022-10-19T12:00:21Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-40798"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://gist.github.com/ninj4c0d3r/89bdd6702bf00d768302f5e0e5bb8adc"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://ocomonphp.sourceforge.io"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73HM-7VV6-HPXR

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-08-09 21:30 – Updated: 2025-08-09 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Qiyuesuo Eelectronic Signature Platform up to 4.34 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function execute of the file /api/code/upload of the component Scheduled Task Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-8775"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-08-09T21:15:25Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Qiyuesuo Eelectronic Signature Platform up to 4.34 and classified as critical. Affected by this issue is the function execute of the file /api/code/upload of the component Scheduled Task Handler. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-73hm-7vv6-hpxr",
  "modified": "2025-08-09T21:30:23Z",
  "published": "2025-08-09T21:30:23Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-8775"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/nn0nkey/nn0nkey/blob/main/QYS/QYS_task.md"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.319298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.319298"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.625551"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.625553"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73J2-GX48-8FHG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 16:48 – Updated: 2024-04-04 01:00
VLAI
Details

An Insufficient Access Control vulnerability (leading to credential disclosure) in coreconfigsnapshot.php (aka configuration snapshot page) in Nagios XI before 5.5.4 allows remote attackers to gain access to configuration files containing confidential credentials.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-17148"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2019-06-19T18:15:00Z",
    "severity": "CRITICAL"
  },
  "details": "An Insufficient Access Control vulnerability (leading to credential disclosure) in coreconfigsnapshot.php (aka configuration snapshot page) in Nagios XI before 5.5.4 allows remote attackers to gain access to configuration files containing confidential credentials.",
  "id": "GHSA-73j2-gx48-8fhg",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T01:00:01Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T16:48:18Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17148"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://assets.nagios.com/downloads/nagiosxi/CHANGES-5.TXT"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73J9-HWPP-F466

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-05-24 21:30 – Updated: 2025-05-24 21:30
VLAI
Details

A vulnerability was found in Tmall Demo up to 20250505. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function uploadCategoryImage of the file tmall/admin/uploadCategoryImage. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-5131"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-284",
      "CWE-434"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-05-24T21:15:28Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "A vulnerability was found in Tmall Demo up to 20250505. It has been declared as critical. This vulnerability affects the function uploadCategoryImage of the file tmall/admin/uploadCategoryImage. The manipulation of the argument File leads to unrestricted upload. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. Continious delivery with rolling releases is used by this product. Therefore, no version details of affected nor updated releases are available. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.",
  "id": "GHSA-73j9-hwpp-f466",
  "modified": "2025-05-24T21:30:29Z",
  "published": "2025-05-24T21:30:29Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-5131"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/bdkuzma/vuln/issues/10"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.310210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.310210"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.571901"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    },
    {
      "score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
      "type": "CVSS_V4"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-73MW-P746-XHHJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-08-06 00:00 – Updated: 2022-08-11 00:00
VLAI
Details

Improper access control vulnerability in WebApp in Cameralyzer prior to versions 3.2.22, 3.3.22, 3.4.22 and 3.5.51 allows attackers to access external storage as Cameralyzer privilege.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2022-36832"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-269",
      "CWE-284"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2022-08-05T16:15:00Z",
    "severity": "LOW"
  },
  "details": "Improper access control vulnerability in WebApp in Cameralyzer prior to versions 3.2.22, 3.3.22, 3.4.22 and 3.5.51 allows attackers to access external storage as Cameralyzer privilege.",
  "id": "GHSA-73mw-p746-xhhj",
  "modified": "2022-08-11T00:00:34Z",
  "published": "2022-08-06T00:00:45Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-36832"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/serviceWeb.smsb?year=2022\u0026month=08"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/serviceWeb.smsb?year==2022\u0026month=08"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-1
Architecture and Design Operation

Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.

Mitigation MIT-46
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Separation of Privilege

  • Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
  • Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts

An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.

CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion

An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.

CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.

CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate

An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.

CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof

An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.

CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure

An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.

CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration

An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.

CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment

An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.

CAPEC-550: Install New Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.

CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service

When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.

CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit

An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.

CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers

When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.

CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable

An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.

CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File

An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.

CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot

An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.

CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon

Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.

CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software

An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.