CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7802 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-3WHC-QVHV-XQJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 21:56 – Updated: 2026-07-01 21:56WebDAV listener ignores --read-only, --upload-only, and --no-delete mode flags
Ecosystem: Go
Package: goshs.de/goshs/v2 (github.com/patrickhener/goshs)
Affected: <= v2.0.9 (every release that ships the WebDAV handler)
Summary
When goshs is launched with WebDAV enabled (-w), the mode-restriction flags --read-only, --upload-only, and --no-delete are enforced only on the primary HTTP port. The WebDAV port is wired straight to golang.org/x/net/webdav.Handler with no equivalent guard, so an authenticated WebDAV client can PUT, DELETE, MKCOL, MOVE, and COPY despite the operator's stated intent.
Details
httpserver/server.go:207-238 — the WebDAV mux registers only IPWhitelistMiddleware, ServerHeaderMiddleware, and optionally BasicAuthMiddleware. There is no fs.ReadOnly || fs.UploadOnly || fs.NoDelete check on the WebDAV path. The HTTP mux in the same file (lines 134-204) does check these flags on every state-changing route.
Proof of concept
mkdir -p /tmp/r && echo secret > /tmp/r/x.txt
goshs -p 18000 -wp 18001 -w -ro -d /tmp/r -b admin:pw &
curl -u admin:pw -X PUT http://localhost:18000/y.txt --data x # 403 (HTTP enforces -ro)
curl -u admin:pw -X PUT http://localhost:18001/y.txt --data x # 201 (WebDAV writes anyway)
curl -u admin:pw -X DELETE http://localhost:18001/x.txt # 204 (WebDAV deletes anyway)
curl -u admin:pw -X MKCOL http://localhost:18001/pwned/ # 201 (WebDAV creates dir)
Impact
- Integrity —
--read-onlyand--no-deleteare silently downgraded to "no protection" on the WebDAV port. Any WebDAV client (curl, cadaver, Windows Explorer, Finder) can overwrite/delete files. - Confidentiality —
--upload-onlyis also bypassed: WebDAV GET/PROPFIND still return file contents. - Trust — operators using
goshs -w -ro -d /srv/case-files -b reviewer:pwto deliver engagement artifacts believe the directory is immutable. It isn't.
Suggested fix
Add a small http.HandlerFunc in front of wdHandler that maps WebDAV verbs to the existing mode flags:
wdGuard := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
switch r.Method {
case http.MethodPut, "MKCOL", "MOVE", "COPY":
if fs.ReadOnly || fs.UploadOnly { http.Error(w, "read-only", 403); return }
case http.MethodDelete:
if fs.ReadOnly || fs.UploadOnly || fs.NoDelete { http.Error(w, "delete disabled", 403); return }
case http.MethodGet, "PROPFIND", "HEAD":
if fs.UploadOnly { http.Error(w, "upload-only", 403); return }
}
wdHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
})
Add regression tests in integration/functions.go covering each mode flag × each WebDAV verb.
Reporter: Nishant Verma. Reproduced live against goshs v2.0.9 (commit 8fc1e91) on 2026-05-27.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2.0.9"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "goshs.de/goshs/v2"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.1.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-50138"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-07-01T21:56:40Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# WebDAV listener ignores `--read-only`, `--upload-only`, and `--no-delete` mode flags\n\n**Ecosystem:** Go\n**Package:** `goshs.de/goshs/v2` (`github.com/patrickhener/goshs`)\n**Affected:** `\u003c= v2.0.9` (every release that ships the WebDAV handler)\n\n## Summary\n\nWhen `goshs` is launched with WebDAV enabled (`-w`), the mode-restriction flags `--read-only`, `--upload-only`, and `--no-delete` are enforced only on the primary HTTP port. The WebDAV port is wired straight to `golang.org/x/net/webdav.Handler` with no equivalent guard, so an authenticated WebDAV client can `PUT`, `DELETE`, `MKCOL`, `MOVE`, and `COPY` despite the operator\u0027s stated intent.\n\n## Details\n\n[`httpserver/server.go:207-238`](https://github.com/patrickhener/goshs/blob/v2.0.9/httpserver/server.go#L207-L238) \u2014 the WebDAV mux registers only `IPWhitelistMiddleware`, `ServerHeaderMiddleware`, and optionally `BasicAuthMiddleware`. There is no `fs.ReadOnly || fs.UploadOnly || fs.NoDelete` check on the WebDAV path. The HTTP mux in the same file (lines 134-204) does check these flags on every state-changing route.\n\n## Proof of concept\n\n```bash\nmkdir -p /tmp/r \u0026\u0026 echo secret \u003e /tmp/r/x.txt\ngoshs -p 18000 -wp 18001 -w -ro -d /tmp/r -b admin:pw \u0026\n\ncurl -u admin:pw -X PUT http://localhost:18000/y.txt --data x # 403 (HTTP enforces -ro)\ncurl -u admin:pw -X PUT http://localhost:18001/y.txt --data x # 201 (WebDAV writes anyway)\ncurl -u admin:pw -X DELETE http://localhost:18001/x.txt # 204 (WebDAV deletes anyway)\ncurl -u admin:pw -X MKCOL http://localhost:18001/pwned/ # 201 (WebDAV creates dir)\n```\n\n## Impact\n\n- **Integrity** \u2014 `--read-only` and `--no-delete` are silently downgraded to \"no protection\" on the WebDAV port. Any WebDAV client (curl, cadaver, Windows Explorer, Finder) can overwrite/delete files.\n- **Confidentiality** \u2014 `--upload-only` is also bypassed: WebDAV GET/PROPFIND still return file contents.\n- **Trust** \u2014 operators using `goshs -w -ro -d /srv/case-files -b reviewer:pw` to deliver engagement artifacts believe the directory is immutable. It isn\u0027t.\n\n## Suggested fix\n\nAdd a small `http.HandlerFunc` in front of `wdHandler` that maps WebDAV verbs to the existing mode flags:\n\n```go\nwdGuard := http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {\n switch r.Method {\n case http.MethodPut, \"MKCOL\", \"MOVE\", \"COPY\":\n if fs.ReadOnly || fs.UploadOnly { http.Error(w, \"read-only\", 403); return }\n case http.MethodDelete:\n if fs.ReadOnly || fs.UploadOnly || fs.NoDelete { http.Error(w, \"delete disabled\", 403); return }\n case http.MethodGet, \"PROPFIND\", \"HEAD\":\n if fs.UploadOnly { http.Error(w, \"upload-only\", 403); return }\n }\n wdHandler.ServeHTTP(w, r)\n})\n```\n\nAdd regression tests in `integration/functions.go` covering each mode flag \u00d7 each WebDAV verb.\n\nReporter: Nishant Verma. Reproduced live against `goshs v2.0.9` (commit `8fc1e91`) on 2026-05-27.",
"id": "GHSA-3whc-qvhv-xqjp",
"modified": "2026-07-01T21:56:40Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T21:56:40Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/patrickhener/goshs/security/advisories/GHSA-3whc-qvhv-xqjp"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/patrickhener/goshs"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "goshs: WebDAV listener ignores --read-only, --upload-only, and --no-delete mode flags"
}
GHSA-3WJQ-88Q9-5HMG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:32 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:32An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA libomx library (libnvomx) could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.18. Android ID: A-31251973. References: N-CVE-2016-6789.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6789"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-01-12T15:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An elevation of privilege vulnerability in the NVIDIA libomx library (libnvomx) could enable a local malicious application to execute arbitrary code within the context of a privileged process. This issue is rated as High because it could be used to gain local access to elevated capabilities, which are not normally accessible to a third-party application. Product: Android. Versions: Kernel-3.18. Android ID: A-31251973. References: N-CVE-2016-6789.",
"id": "GHSA-3wjq-88q9-5hmg",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:32:34Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:32:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6789"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2016-12-01.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/4561"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/94678"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3WWC-JJMG-R6GQ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-01 03:30 – Updated: 2023-12-01 03:30Dell Rugged Control Center, version prior to 4.7, contains insufficient protection for the Policy folder. A local malicious standard user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to modify the content of the policy file, leading to unauthorized access to resources.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-43089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-01T02:15:07Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "\nDell Rugged Control Center, version prior to 4.7, contains insufficient protection for the Policy folder. A local malicious standard user could potentially exploit this vulnerability to modify the content of the policy file, leading to unauthorized access to resources.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-3wwc-jjmg-r6gq",
"modified": "2023-12-01T03:30:34Z",
"published": "2023-12-01T03:30:34Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-43089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000218066/dsa-2023-371"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X33-4VMH-52PP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:51 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:51Huawei USG5500 with software V300R001C00 and V300R001C00 allows attackers to bypass the anti-DDoS module of the USGs to cause a denial of service condition on the backend server.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-8798"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-04-02T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Huawei USG5500 with software V300R001C00 and V300R001C00 allows attackers to bypass the anti-DDoS module of the USGs to cause a denial of service condition on the backend server.",
"id": "GHSA-3x33-4vmh-52pp",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:51:31Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:51:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-8798"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20161026-01-usg-en"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/93891"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X54-HX35-G26F
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-12-15 12:30 – Updated: 2023-12-15 12:30Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.18 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve a low-confidentiality impact within the application. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-48441"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-12-15T11:15:10Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Adobe Experience Manager versions 6.5.18 and earlier are affected by an Improper Access Control vulnerability. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to achieve a low-confidentiality impact within the application. Exploitation of this issue does not require user interaction.",
"id": "GHSA-3x54-hx35-g26f",
"modified": "2023-12-15T12:30:26Z",
"published": "2023-12-15T12:30:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48441"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/experience-manager/apsb23-72.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X6V-8QXW-J8H4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-14 18:32 – Updated: 2026-07-14 18:32Improper access control in Windows Remote Help Defense allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-55014"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-14T17:17:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Windows Remote Help Defense allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.",
"id": "GHSA-3x6v-8qxw-j8h4",
"modified": "2026-07-14T18:32:10Z",
"published": "2026-07-14T18:32:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-55014"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-55014"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X7J-9P25-V8R6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-04-18 21:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 03:33Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Client programs). Supported versions that are affected are 5.7.41 and prior and 8.0.32 and prior. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21980"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-04-18T20:15:17Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the MySQL Server product of Oracle MySQL (component: Client programs). Supported versions that are affected are 5.7.41 and prior and 8.0.32 and prior. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via multiple protocols to compromise MySQL Server. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in takeover of MySQL Server. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.1 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).",
"id": "GHSA-3x7j-9p25-v8r6",
"modified": "2024-04-04T03:33:54Z",
"published": "2023-04-18T21:30:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21980"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20230427-0007"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2023.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3X82-G63Q-53GM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-01-17 00:30 – Updated: 2024-01-17 00:30Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Event Management). The supported version that is affected is 13.5.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with access to the physical communication segment attached to the hardware where the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform executes to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-20916"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-01-16T22:15:39Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform product of Oracle Enterprise Manager (component: Event Management). The supported version that is affected is 13.5.0.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows high privileged attacker with access to the physical communication segment attached to the hardware where the Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform executes to compromise Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. While the vulnerability is in Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform, attacks may significantly impact additional products (scope change). Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data as well as unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle Enterprise Manager Base Platform. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 8.3 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L).",
"id": "GHSA-3x82-g63q-53gm",
"modified": "2024-01-17T00:30:20Z",
"published": "2024-01-17T00:30:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-20916"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XGP-QW97-RFG4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:16 – Updated: 2022-10-27 19:00A skilled attacker with physical access to the affected device can gain access to the hard disk drive of the device to change the telemetry region and could use this setting to interrogate or program an implantable device in any region in the world.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-38392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-10-04T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A skilled attacker with physical access to the affected device can gain access to the hard disk drive of the device to change the telemetry region and could use this setting to interrogate or program an implantable device in any region in the world.",
"id": "GHSA-3xgp-qw97-rfg4",
"modified": "2022-10-27T19:00:39Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T19:16:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-38392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ics/advisories/icsma-21-273-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3XH5-WF4G-97H5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-02 18:31 – Updated: 2026-06-02 21:30Improper access control in the permission validation component in Devolutions Server 2026.1.19 and earlier allows an authenticated user with entry edit privileges to modify asset information without the required permission.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-9590"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-02T16:16:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in the permission validation component in Devolutions Server 2026.1.19 and earlier allows an authenticated user with entry edit privileges to modify asset information without the required permission.",
"id": "GHSA-3xh5-wf4g-97h5",
"modified": "2026-06-02T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2026-06-02T18:31:33Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-9590"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://devolutions.net/security/advisories/DEVO-2026-0014"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.