CWE-284
DiscouragedImproper Access Control
Abstraction: Pillar · Status: Incomplete
The product does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.
7800 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-356G-GR7F-C28H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-08-11 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:49Improper access control for some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi and Killer(TM) WiFi software may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-27635"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-08-11T03:15:11Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control for some Intel(R) PROSet/Wireless WiFi and Killer(TM) WiFi software may allow a privileged user to potentially enable escalation of privilege via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-356g-gr7f-c28h",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:49:25Z",
"published": "2023-08-11T03:30:19Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-27635"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/09/msg00043.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HUCYUR4WBTELCRHELISJ3RMZVHKIV5TN"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/K24OJT4AVMNND7LBTC2ZDDTE6DJHAKB4"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/Y76A3PLHIQCEPESB4XVBV5SRRXQEZ5JY"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00766.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-359C-QVWM-HGJP
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-27 18:31 – Updated: 2025-10-27 21:30Incorrect access control in the REST API endpoint of HubSpot v1.29441 allows unauthenticated attackers to view users' data without proper authorization.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-37749"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-27T16:15:34Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Incorrect access control in the REST API endpoint of HubSpot v1.29441 allows unauthenticated attackers to view users\u0027 data without proper authorization.",
"id": "GHSA-359c-qvwm-hgjp",
"modified": "2025-10-27T21:30:26Z",
"published": "2025-10-27T18:31:10Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-37749"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://app.hubspot.com/api/external-options/v2/pagedFetch/0-1/OWNER?useIndexOffset=true\u0026portalId=22152277\u0026clienttimeout=14000\u0026hs_static_app=settings-ui-users\u0026hs_static_app_version=1.43001\u0026limit=200\u0026q=\u0026offset=0\u0026includeDeleted=true"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gist.github.com/0xDBJ/28072f7eea42571d5b4ebaabdcb21cce"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://owasp.org/Top10/A01_2021-Broken_Access_Control"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35FV-PF3R-34JW
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-07-10 21:31 – Updated: 2025-07-10 21:31A vulnerability was found in code-projects Library System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /user/student/profile.php. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-7412"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-07-10T20:15:28Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability was found in code-projects Library System 1.0. It has been rated as critical. Affected by this issue is some unknown functionality of the file /user/student/profile.php. The manipulation of the argument image leads to unrestricted upload. The attack may be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.",
"id": "GHSA-35fv-pf3r-34jw",
"modified": "2025-07-10T21:31:53Z",
"published": "2025-07-10T21:31:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7412"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/rom4j/cve/issues/17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://code-projects.org"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?ctiid.315872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?id.315872"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://vuldb.com/?submit.608532"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-35H4-3Q56-PC46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 01:57 – Updated: 2022-05-17 01:57In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a vulnerability exists in GNSS when performing a scan after bootup.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2015-9047"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-08-18T18:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In all Qualcomm products with Android releases from CAF using the Linux kernel, a vulnerability exists in GNSS when performing a scan after bootup.",
"id": "GHSA-35h4-3q56-pc46",
"modified": "2022-05-17T01:57:53Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T01:57:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-9047"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2017-07-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/99467"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35J4-QH5F-VWV5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-10-15 21:30 – Updated: 2024-10-15 21:30Vulnerability in the Oracle BI Publisher product of Oracle Analytics (component: Layout Templates). Supported versions that are affected are 7.0.0.0.0, 7.6.0.0.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle BI Publisher. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle BI Publisher accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle BI Publisher accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle BI Publisher. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.6 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L).
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-21195"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-10-15T20:15:06Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Vulnerability in the Oracle BI Publisher product of Oracle Analytics (component: Layout Templates). Supported versions that are affected are 7.0.0.0.0, 7.6.0.0.0 and 12.2.1.4.0. Easily exploitable vulnerability allows low privileged attacker with network access via HTTP to compromise Oracle BI Publisher. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized access to critical data or complete access to all Oracle BI Publisher accessible data as well as unauthorized update, insert or delete access to some of Oracle BI Publisher accessible data and unauthorized ability to cause a partial denial of service (partial DOS) of Oracle BI Publisher. CVSS 3.1 Base Score 7.6 (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L).",
"id": "GHSA-35j4-qh5f-vwv5",
"modified": "2024-10-15T21:30:37Z",
"published": "2024-10-15T21:30:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-21195"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2024.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35JH-78C5-6RFJ
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:00 – Updated: 2022-05-17 03:00IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Operations Center could allow an authenticated attacker to enable or disable the application's REST API, which may let the attacker violate security policy.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2016-6044"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-02-01T20:59:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "IBM Tivoli Storage Manager Operations Center could allow an authenticated attacker to enable or disable the application\u0027s REST API, which may let the attacker violate security policy.",
"id": "GHSA-35jh-78c5-6rfj",
"modified": "2022-05-17T03:00:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:00:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-6044"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg21995754"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/95091"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35P6-X466-363J
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-02-13 00:33 – Updated: 2025-11-03 21:32Improper access control in the EDECCSSA user leaf function for some Intel(R) Processors with Intel(R) SGX may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-36293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-02-12T22:15:35Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in the EDECCSSA user leaf function for some Intel(R) Processors with Intel(R) SGX may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-35p6-x466-363j",
"modified": "2025-11-03T21:32:41Z",
"published": "2025-02-13T00:33:05Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-01213.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00021.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.dell.com/support/kbdoc/en-us/000283897/dsa-2025-041-security-update-for-dell-poweredge-server-for-intel-2025-security-advisories-2025-1-ipu"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-35Q9-Q5HH-HMC4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-04-08 18:34 – Updated: 2025-04-08 18:34Improper access control in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose file path information under a folder where the attacker doesn't have permission to list content.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-21197"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-04-08T18:15:45Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Improper access control in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to disclose file path information under a folder where the attacker doesn\u0027t have permission to list content.",
"id": "GHSA-35q9-q5hh-hmc4",
"modified": "2025-04-08T18:34:44Z",
"published": "2025-04-08T18:34:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-21197"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-21197"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35VC-3VM2-6C46
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-10-17 19:00 – Updated: 2022-10-19 19:00An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.0 before 15.2.5, all versions starting from 15.3 before 15.3.4, all versions starting from 15.4 before 15.4.1. It was possible for an unauthorised user to create issues in a project.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-3066"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-10-17T16:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue has been discovered in GitLab affecting all versions starting from 10.0 before 15.2.5, all versions starting from 15.3 before 15.3.4, all versions starting from 15.4 before 15.4.1. It was possible for an unauthorised user to create issues in a project.",
"id": "GHSA-35vc-3vm2-6c46",
"modified": "2022-10-19T19:00:23Z",
"published": "2022-10-17T19:00:27Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-3066"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://hackerone.com/reports/1685105"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2022/CVE-2022-3066.json"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/372149"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-35WM-HQ5R-2P36
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-09 18:30 – Updated: 2025-12-09 18:30A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CN 4100 (All versions < V4.0.1). The affected device contains a USB port which allows unauthenticated connections. This could allow an attacker with physical access to the device to trigger reboot that could cause denial of service condition.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-40939"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-284"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-09T16:17:47Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SIMATIC CN 4100 (All versions \u003c V4.0.1). The affected device contains a USB port which allows unauthenticated connections. This could allow an attacker with physical access to the device to trigger reboot that could cause denial of service condition.",
"id": "GHSA-35wm-hq5r-2p36",
"modified": "2025-12-09T18:30:36Z",
"published": "2025-12-09T18:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40939"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-416652.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-1
Very carefully manage the setting, management, and handling of privileges. Explicitly manage trust zones in the software.
Mitigation MIT-46
Strategy: Separation of Privilege
- Compartmentalize the system to have "safe" areas where trust boundaries can be unambiguously drawn. Do not allow sensitive data to go outside of the trust boundary and always be careful when interfacing with a compartment outside of the safe area.
- Ensure that appropriate compartmentalization is built into the system design, and the compartmentalization allows for and reinforces privilege separation functionality. Architects and designers should rely on the principle of least privilege to decide the appropriate time to use privileges and the time to drop privileges.
CAPEC-19: Embedding Scripts within Scripts
An adversary leverages the capability to execute their own script by embedding it within other scripts that the target software is likely to execute due to programs' vulnerabilities that are brought on by allowing remote hosts to execute scripts.
CAPEC-441: Malicious Logic Insertion
An adversary installs or adds malicious logic (also known as malware) into a seemingly benign component of a fielded system. This logic is often hidden from the user of the system and works behind the scenes to achieve negative impacts. With the proliferation of mass digital storage and inexpensive multimedia devices, Bluetooth and 802.11 support, new attack vectors for spreading malware are emerging for things we once thought of as innocuous greeting cards, picture frames, or digital projectors. This pattern of attack focuses on systems already fielded and used in operation as opposed to systems and their components that are still under development and part of the supply chain.
CAPEC-478: Modification of Windows Service Configuration
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to modify the execution parameters of a Windows service. The goal of this attack is to execute a malicious binary in place of an existing service.
CAPEC-479: Malicious Root Certificate
An adversary exploits a weakness in authorization and installs a new root certificate on a compromised system. Certificates are commonly used for establishing secure TLS/SSL communications within a web browser. When a user attempts to browse a website that presents a certificate that is not trusted an error message will be displayed to warn the user of the security risk. Depending on the security settings, the browser may not allow the user to establish a connection to the website. Adversaries have used this technique to avoid security warnings prompting users when compromised systems connect over HTTPS to adversary controlled web servers that spoof legitimate websites in order to collect login credentials.
CAPEC-502: Intent Spoof
An adversary, through a previously installed malicious application, issues an intent directed toward a specific trusted application's component in an attempt to achieve a variety of different objectives including modification of data, information disclosure, and data injection. Components that have been unintentionally exported and made public are subject to this type of an attack. If the component trusts the intent's action without verififcation, then the target application performs the functionality at the adversary's request, helping the adversary achieve the desired negative technical impact.
CAPEC-503: WebView Exposure
An adversary, through a malicious web page, accesses application specific functionality by leveraging interfaces registered through WebView's addJavascriptInterface API. Once an interface is registered to WebView through addJavascriptInterface, it becomes global and all pages loaded in the WebView can call this interface.
CAPEC-536: Data Injected During Configuration
An attacker with access to data files and processes on a victim's system injects malicious data into critical operational data during configuration or recalibration, causing the victim's system to perform in a suboptimal manner that benefits the adversary.
CAPEC-546: Incomplete Data Deletion in a Multi-Tenant Environment
An adversary obtains unauthorized information due to insecure or incomplete data deletion in a multi-tenant environment. If a cloud provider fails to completely delete storage and data from former cloud tenants' systems/resources, once these resources are allocated to new, potentially malicious tenants, the latter can probe the provided resources for sensitive information still there.
CAPEC-550: Install New Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Adversaries may install a new service which will be executed at startup (on a Windows system, by modifying the registry). The service name may be disguised by using a name from a related operating system or benign software. Services are usually run with elevated privileges.
CAPEC-551: Modify Existing Service
When an operating system starts, it also starts programs called services or daemons. Modifying existing services may break existing services or may enable services that are disabled/not commonly used.
CAPEC-552: Install Rootkit
An adversary exploits a weakness in authentication to install malware that alters the functionality and information provide by targeted operating system API calls. Often referred to as rootkits, it is often used to hide the presence of programs, files, network connections, services, drivers, and other system components.
CAPEC-556: Replace File Extension Handlers
When a file is opened, its file handler is checked to determine which program opens the file. File handlers are configuration properties of many operating systems. Applications can modify the file handler for a given file extension to call an arbitrary program when a file with the given extension is opened.
CAPEC-558: Replace Trusted Executable
An adversary exploits weaknesses in privilege management or access control to replace a trusted executable with a malicious version and enable the execution of malware when that trusted executable is called.
CAPEC-562: Modify Shared File
An adversary manipulates the files in a shared location by adding malicious programs, scripts, or exploit code to valid content. Once a user opens the shared content, the tainted content is executed.
CAPEC-563: Add Malicious File to Shared Webroot
An adversaries may add malicious content to a website through the open file share and then browse to that content with a web browser to cause the server to execute the content. The malicious content will typically run under the context and permissions of the web server process, often resulting in local system or administrative privileges depending on how the web server is configured.
CAPEC-564: Run Software at Logon
Operating system allows logon scripts to be run whenever a specific user or users logon to a system. If adversaries can access these scripts, they may insert additional code into the logon script. This code can allow them to maintain persistence or move laterally within an enclave because it is executed every time the affected user or users logon to a computer. Modifying logon scripts can effectively bypass workstation and enclave firewalls. Depending on the access configuration of the logon scripts, either local credentials or a remote administrative account may be necessary.
CAPEC-578: Disable Security Software
An adversary exploits a weakness in access control to disable security tools so that detection does not occur. This can take the form of killing processes, deleting registry keys so that tools do not start at run time, deleting log files, or other methods.