CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13049 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-F72R-2H5J-7639
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-01-28 23:00 – Updated: 2026-02-10 19:56File Read Interface Case Bypass Vulnerability
Vulnerability Name
File Read Interface Case Bypass Vulnerability
Overview
The /api/file/getFile endpoint uses case-sensitive string equality checks to block access to sensitive files.
On case-insensitive file systems such as Windows, attackers can bypass restrictions using mixed-case paths
and read protected configuration files.
Impact
- Read sensitive information in configuration files (e.g., access codes, API Tokens, sync configurations, etc.).
- Remotely exploitable directly when the service is published without authentication.
Trigger Conditions
- Running on a case-insensitive file system.
- The caller can access
/api/file/getFile(via CheckAuth or Token injection in published services).
PoC (Generic Example)
After enabling publication:
Request:
POST /api/file/getFile
Content-Type: application/json
{"path":"cOnf/conf.json"}
Expected Result: - Successfully return the content of the configuration file.
Root Cause
Path comparison uses strict case-sensitive string matching, without case normalization or identical file validation.
Fix Recommendations
- Normalize path casing before comparison (Windows/macOS).
- Use file-level comparison methods such as
os.SameFile. - Apply blacklist validation on sensitive paths after case normalization.
Notes
- Environment identifiers and sensitive information have been removed.
Solution Commit
399a38893e8719968ea2511e177bb53e09973fa6
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/kernel"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"last_affected": "0.0.0-20260126094835-d5d10dd41b0c"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-25992"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-178",
"CWE-22",
"CWE-426"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-01-28T23:00:57Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-02-10T18:16:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "# File Read Interface Case Bypass Vulnerability\n## Vulnerability Name\nFile Read Interface Case Bypass Vulnerability\n\n## Overview\nThe `/api/file/getFile` endpoint uses **case-sensitive string equality checks** to block access to sensitive files.\nOn case-insensitive file systems such as **Windows**, attackers can bypass restrictions using mixed-case paths\nand read protected configuration files.\n\n## Impact\n- Read sensitive information in configuration files (e.g., access codes, API Tokens, sync configurations, etc.).\n- Remotely exploitable directly when the service is published without authentication.\n\n## Trigger Conditions\n- Running on a **case-insensitive file system**.\n- The caller can access `/api/file/getFile` (via CheckAuth or Token injection in published services).\n\n## PoC (Generic Example)\nAfter enabling publication:\n\n**Request:**\n```http\nPOST /api/file/getFile\nContent-Type: application/json\n\n{\"path\":\"cOnf/conf.json\"}\n```\n\n**Expected Result:**\n- Successfully return the content of the configuration file.\n\n## Root Cause\nPath comparison uses strict case-sensitive string matching, without case normalization or identical file validation.\n\n## Fix Recommendations\n- Normalize path casing before comparison (Windows/macOS).\n- Use file-level comparison methods such as `os.SameFile`.\n- Apply blacklist validation on sensitive paths **after case normalization**.\n\n## Notes\n- Environment identifiers and sensitive information have been removed.\n\n## Solution Commit\n`399a38893e8719968ea2511e177bb53e09973fa6`",
"id": "GHSA-f72r-2h5j-7639",
"modified": "2026-02-10T19:56:53Z",
"published": "2026-01-28T23:00:57Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/security/advisories/GHSA-f72r-2h5j-7639"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-25992"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/commit/1f02650b3892d2ea3896242dd2422c30bda55e11"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/siyuan-note/siyuan/releases/tag/v3.5.5"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "SiYuan File Read API Case Sensitivity Bypass can Lead to Path Traversal"
}
GHSA-F74F-238J-75MR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-20 18:30 – Updated: 2025-10-20 18:30Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in ABB CoreSense™ HM, ABB CoreSense™ M10.This issue affects CoreSense™ HM: through 2.3.1; CoreSense™ M10: through 1.4.1.12.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-3465"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-20T18:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027) vulnerability in ABB CoreSense\u2122 HM, ABB CoreSense\u2122 M10.This issue affects CoreSense\u2122 HM: through 2.3.1; CoreSense\u2122 M10: through 1.4.1.12.",
"id": "GHSA-f74f-238j-75mr",
"modified": "2025-10-20T18:30:35Z",
"published": "2025-10-20T18:30:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-3465"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://search.abb.com/library/Download.aspx?DocumentID=3KXG200000R4801\u0026LanguageCode=en\u0026DocumentPartId=\u0026Action=Launch"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F74P-CWHP-X2WX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-22 15:30 – Updated: 2026-06-22 15:30The Loki datasource plugin's callResource handler contains a path traversal vulnerability. An authenticated Viewer-role user can escape the plugin's resource sandbox and access administrative Loki endpoints (e.g. /config, /services, /ready) to extract sensitive backend configuration and internal service information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-42129"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-22T14:17:36Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Loki datasource plugin\u0027s callResource handler contains a path traversal vulnerability. An authenticated Viewer-role user can escape the plugin\u0027s resource sandbox and access administrative Loki endpoints (e.g. /config, /services, /ready) to extract sensitive backend configuration and internal service information.",
"id": "GHSA-f74p-cwhp-x2wx",
"modified": "2026-06-22T15:30:43Z",
"published": "2026-06-22T15:30:43Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42129"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://grafana.com/security/security-advisories/cve-2026-42129"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F752-W73G-5RRR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-20 06:31 – Updated: 2025-03-20 06:31The Event Manager, Events Calendar, Tickets, Registrations – Eventin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.24 via the 'style' parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other “safe” file types can be uploaded and included.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-1770"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-03-20T06:15:22Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "The Event Manager, Events Calendar, Tickets, Registrations \u2013 Eventin plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 4.0.24 via the \u0027style\u0027 parameter. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Contributor-level access and above, to include and execute arbitrary files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where images and other \u201csafe\u201d file types can be uploaded and included.",
"id": "GHSA-f752-w73g-5rrr",
"modified": "2025-03-20T06:31:09Z",
"published": "2025-03-20T06:31:09Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-1770"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-event-solution/tags/4.0.24/widgets/events-calendar/events-calendar.php#L715"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-event-solution/tags/4.0.24/widgets/upcoming-event-tab/style/tab-1.php#L53"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3257023"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/5f24baee-7003-449b-9072-d95fa1e26c8f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F757-35W9-6H9Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-01 21:30 – Updated: 2026-06-01 21:30Banana Slides through 0.4.0, patched in commit e8bc490, contains a path traversal vulnerability in the generate_image() function within the AI service backend that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary image-format files outside the intended uploads directory by exploiting an incomplete path prefix check using os.path.startswith() without a trailing separator. Attackers can supply crafted markdown image references in user-controlled page descriptions that resolve to sibling directories whose names share the uploads folder prefix, bypassing the directory confinement check and causing the application to read files from unintended locations via PIL Image.open().
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-49136"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-01T21:16:46Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Banana Slides through 0.4.0, patched in commit e8bc490, contains a path traversal vulnerability in the generate_image() function within the AI service backend that allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbitrary image-format files outside the intended uploads directory by exploiting an incomplete path prefix check using os.path.startswith() without a trailing separator. Attackers can supply crafted markdown image references in user-controlled page descriptions that resolve to sibling directories whose names share the uploads folder prefix, bypassing the directory confinement check and causing the application to read files from unintended locations via PIL Image.open().",
"id": "GHSA-f757-35w9-6h9q",
"modified": "2026-06-01T21:30:45Z",
"published": "2026-06-01T21:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-49136"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Anionex/banana-slides/issues/429"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Anionex/banana-slides/pull/430"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Anionex/banana-slides/commit/e8bc490ec8b4b657e07dc3ab4e94fbedcaade421"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/banana-slides-path-traversal-via-generate-image-in-ai-service-py"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F75C-9FG3-3RGM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-11-24 18:31 – Updated: 2025-11-24 21:30An issue in the size query parameter (/views/file.py) of Austrian Archaeological Institute Openatlas before v8.12.0 allows attackers to execute a path traversal via a crafted request.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-60915"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-11-24T16:15:50Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue in the size query parameter (/views/file.py) of Austrian Archaeological Institute Openatlas before v8.12.0 allows attackers to execute a path traversal via a crafted request.",
"id": "GHSA-f75c-9fg3-3rgm",
"modified": "2025-11-24T21:30:59Z",
"published": "2025-11-24T18:31:13Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-60915"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec4you-pentest.com/schwachstelle/openatlas-schwachstelle-lfi-konfigurationsdatei-exfiltration"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.sec4you-pentest.com/schwachstellen"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F75R-QHF4-X3WR
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:18 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:18The 'Copy as cURL' feature of Devtools' network tab did not properly escape the HTTP POST data of a request, which can be controlled by the website. If a user used the 'Copy as cURL' feature and pasted the command into a terminal, it could have resulted in the disclosure of local files. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 68.8, Firefox < 76, and Thunderbird < 68.8.0.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-12392"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-200",
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-05-26T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "LOW"
},
"details": "The \u0027Copy as cURL\u0027 feature of Devtools\u0027 network tab did not properly escape the HTTP POST data of a request, which can be controlled by the website. If a user used the \u0027Copy as cURL\u0027 feature and pasted the command into a terminal, it could have resulted in the disclosure of local files. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR \u003c 68.8, Firefox \u003c 76, and Thunderbird \u003c 68.8.0.",
"id": "GHSA-f75r-qhf4-x3wr",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:18:41Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:18:41Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12392"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1614468"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202005-03"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202005-04"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/4373-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-16"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2020-18"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-F76R-JQP9-73VV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:41 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:41Directory traversal vulnerability in scr/form.php in openElec 3.01 and earlier allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the obj parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-6025"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2009-02-03T11:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in scr/form.php in openElec 3.01 and earlier allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the obj parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-f76r-jqp9-73vv",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:41:35Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:41:35Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-6025"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/45299"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6530"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/31953"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/31307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.vupen.com/english/advisories/2008/2655"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-F76W-JCQF-MH5G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-13 00:34 – Updated: 2026-06-13 00:34OpenClaw before 2026.4.7 contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the memory-wiki ingest feature that allows authenticated Gateway operators with operator.write scope to read local files outside intended ingest sources. Attackers with operator.write access can specify arbitrary local file paths to import file content into wiki memory, bypassing access restrictions.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-53825"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-12T22:16:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "OpenClaw before 2026.4.7 contains an arbitrary file read vulnerability in the memory-wiki ingest feature that allows authenticated Gateway operators with operator.write scope to read local files outside intended ingest sources. Attackers with operator.write access can specify arbitrary local file paths to import file content into wiki memory, bypassing access restrictions.",
"id": "GHSA-f76w-jcqf-mh5g",
"modified": "2026-06-13T00:34:31Z",
"published": "2026-06-13T00:34:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-p2fh-f5fc-44hr"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53825"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-arbitrary-local-file-read-via-memory-wiki-ingest-with-operator-write-scope"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-F77V-9VPC-6PJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-08 18:34 – Updated: 2026-05-08 18:34Impact
The runWidget function in src/app/widgets/load-widget.js constructs a file path by directly concatenating user‑supplied widget identifiers without any sanitisation:
const file = `widget-${widgetId}.js`
const widget = require(path.join(__dirname, file))
Because runWidget is exposed to the renderer process via an asynchronous IPC handler with no input validation, an attacker who achieves JavaScript execution inside the renderer (for example, through a malicious plugin or a cross‑site scripting flaw in the built‑in webview) can abuse a path traversal (../) to load and execute an arbitrary JavaScript file anywhere on the victim’s filesystem. This gives the attacker local code execution with the full privileges of the electerm process, leading to complete system compromise.
Patches
Fixed in version >= 3.7.16
Workarounds
Until a patch is released:
- Do not install or run untrusted plugins.
- Avoid loading arbitrary web content inside electerm’s embedded webview (for example, disable any features that fetch and display remote HTML).
- Run electerm in a sandboxed environment (e.g., with bubblewrap on Linux, AppArmor/SELinux profiles, or Windows sandboxed app execution) to limit the impact of any code execution.
Resources
- electerm GitHub Repository
- electerm Security Policy
- Vulnerability details originally reported by external researcher (PoC confirmed on v3.7.9, Win10).
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "electerm"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "3.7.16"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43940"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-829"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-08T18:34:20Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-08T04:16:23Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "### Impact\nThe `runWidget` function in `src/app/widgets/load-widget.js` constructs a file path by directly concatenating user\u2011supplied widget identifiers without any sanitisation:\n\n```javascript\nconst file = `widget-${widgetId}.js`\nconst widget = require(path.join(__dirname, file))\n```\n\nBecause `runWidget` is exposed to the renderer process via an asynchronous IPC handler with no input validation, an attacker who achieves JavaScript execution inside the renderer (for example, through a malicious plugin or a cross\u2011site scripting flaw in the built\u2011in webview) can abuse a **path traversal** (`../`) to load and execute an arbitrary JavaScript file anywhere on the victim\u2019s filesystem. This gives the attacker local code execution with the full privileges of the electerm process, leading to complete system compromise.\n\n### Patches\n\nFixed in version \u003e= 3.7.16\n\n### Workarounds\nUntil a patch is released:\n- Do not install or run untrusted plugins.\n- Avoid loading arbitrary web content inside electerm\u2019s embedded webview (for example, disable any features that fetch and display remote HTML).\n- Run electerm in a sandboxed environment (e.g., with `bubblewrap` on Linux, AppArmor/SELinux profiles, or Windows sandboxed app execution) to limit the impact of any code execution.\n\n### Resources\n- [electerm GitHub Repository](https://github.com/electerm/electerm)\n- [electerm Security Policy](https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security)\n- Vulnerability details originally reported by external researcher (PoC confirmed on v3.7.9, Win10).",
"id": "GHSA-f77v-9vpc-6pjm",
"modified": "2026-05-08T18:34:20Z",
"published": "2026-05-08T18:34:20Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electerm/electerm/security/advisories/GHSA-f77v-9vpc-6pjm"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43940"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/electerm/electerm"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/electerm/electerm/releases/tag/v3.7.16"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Electerm runWidget has a path traversal that leads to arbitrary code execution"
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.