Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-22

Allowed-with-Review

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable

The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.

14566 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

CVE-2026-9290 (GCVE-0-2026-9290)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-05 23:28 – Updated: 2026-06-06 11:49

Title

WP User Manager <= 2.9.17 - Unauthenticated Path Traversal to Local File Inclusion via 'tab' Query Parameter

Summary

The WP User Manager – User Profile Builder & Membership plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Local File Inclusion in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.17 via the (profile template scope) function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to include and execute arbitrary .php files on the server, allowing the execution of any PHP code in those files. This can be used to bypass access controls, obtain sensitive data, or achieve code execution in cases where .php file types can be uploaded and included.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-06 11:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

13 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/wp-use…
https://github.com/WPUserManager/wp-user-manager/…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
wpusermanager	WP User Manager – User Profile Builder & Membership	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.9.17 (semver)

Credits

Yat Wu

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9282 (GCVE-0-2026-9282)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-11 06:50 – Updated: 2026-07-14 14:29

Title

W3 Total Cache <= 2.9.4 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Read via 'f_array[]' Parameter

Summary

The W3 Total Cache plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 2.9.4 via the setupSources function. This makes it possible for unauthenticated attackers to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information. Exploitation requires enabling manual minify mode and supplying a manual-format minify filename so that the hash is empty and the f_array[] entries are not overwritten before reaching setupSources().

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-14 14:29 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

6 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/w3-tot…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/w3-tot…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/w3-tot…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/w3-tot…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?repo…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
boldgrid	W3 Total Cache	Affected: 0 , ≤ 2.9.4 (semver)

Credits

snr

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9197 (GCVE-0-2026-9197)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-06 02:28 – Updated: 2026-06-06 11:44

Title

Smart Slider 3 <= 3.5.1.36 - Authenticated (Administrator+) Path Traversal to Arbitrary File Read via 'src'/'srcset' Attribute in HTML Export

Summary

The Smart Slider 3 plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Directory Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 3.5.1.36 via the replaceHTMLImage function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with administrator-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.

Severity

4.9 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-06 11:35 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/smart-…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset?sfp_…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
nextendweb	Smart Slider 3	Affected: 0 , ≤ 3.5.1.36 (semver)

Credits

Nguyen Khanh Hao

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9195 (GCVE-0-2026-9195)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-08-05 15:38 – Updated: 2026-08-05 18:41

Title

Cross-site scripting in Progress MarkLogic Server Query Console

Summary

A cross-site scripting vulnerability in the Query Console of Progress MarkLogic Server before 11.3.6 and 12.0.3 allows a remote attacker who lures an authenticated administrator to a crafted URL to execute arbitrary JavaScript in the administrator's browser session, capture credentials, and perform privileged actions on the administrator's behalf.

Severity

9.3 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-08-05 18:11 UTC

CWE

CWE-79 - Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')
CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

ProgressSoftware mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://community.progress.com/s/article/Marklogi…	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Progress Software Corporation	MarkLogic Server	Affected: 11.0.0 , < 11.3.6 (custom) Affected: 12.0.0 , < 12.0.3 (custom)

Credits

backslash via Bugcrowd

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9181 (GCVE-0-2026-9181)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-06 18:22 – Updated: 2026-07-08 14:44

Title

Directory Traversal in ArcGIS Server

Summary

Esri ArcGIS Server contains a directory traversal vulnerability. ArcGIS Enterprise on Kubernetes is not impacted. An unauthenticated attacker could exploit this issue by sending crafted path parameters. Successful exploitation could allow overwriting sensitive files on the system. Abuse of this issue can allow full administrative access to ArcGIS Server, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. This issue impacts all versions of ArcGIS Server on Windows and Linux 12.0 and prior. This issue does not impact ArcGIS Enterprise for Kubernetes.

Severity

9.8 (Critical)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: total

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-07 00:00 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Esri mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Esri	ArcGIS Server	Affected: 0 , ≤ 12.0 (custom)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9166 (GCVE-0-2026-9166)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-10 12:15 – Updated: 2026-09-10 12:40

Title

LFI in GIS Informatics' GisLab Laboratory Management System

Summary

Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') vulnerability in GIS Informatics GisLab Laboratory Management System allows Path Traversal. This issue affects GisLab Laboratory Management System: from 1.4.03 before 1.5.

Severity

7.5 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: yes Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-10 12:39 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

TR-CERT mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://siberguvenlik.gov.tr/guvenlik-bildirimler…	government-resource

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
GIS Informatics	GisLab Laboratory Management System	Affected: 1.4.03 , < 1.5 (custom)

Date Public

2026-09-10 12:12

Credits

Ceylan BOZOĞULLARINDAN

Show details on NVD website

JSON

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CVE-2026-9154 (GCVE-0-2026-9154)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 00:29 – Updated: 2026-06-25 12:36

Title

Arbitrary File Write in Rapid7 InsightConnect Sed Plugin

Summary

Arbitrary File Write vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Sed Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to write attacker-controlled content to arbitrary file paths via the expression parameter.

Severity

7.1 (High)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:L

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-25 12:36 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

rapid7 mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://extensions.rapid7.com/extension/sed	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Rapid7	InsightConnect Sed Plugin	Affected: 0 , < 2.0.5 (custom) Unaffected: 2.0.5 (custom)

Credits

Sebastián Alba Vives (@Sebasteuo / 0xs4bbi), Independent security researcher, Costa Rica

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9153 (GCVE-0-2026-9153)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-06-25 00:33 – Updated: 2026-06-25 12:37

Title

Arbitrary File Read in Rapid7 InsightConnect Sed Plugin

Summary

Arbitrary File Read vulnerability in Rapid7 InsightConnect Sed Plugin on Linux allows authenticated attackers to read arbitrary files via the expression parameter due to insufficient input validation.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-06-25 12:37 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
CWE-200 - Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor

Assigner

rapid7 mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://extensions.rapid7.com/extension/sed	vendor-advisory

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
Rapid7	InsightConnect Sed Plugin	Affected: 0 , < 2.0.5 (custom) Unaffected: 2.0.5 (custom)

Credits

Sebastián Alba Vives (@Sebasteuo / 0xs4bbi), Independent security researcher, Costa Rica

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9145 (GCVE-0-2026-9145)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-07-02 09:32 – Updated: 2026-07-02 15:54

Title

Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor forms <= 1.5.1 - Unauthenticated Arbitrary File Copy/Upload via Elementor Pro Form Upload Field 'raw_value'

Summary

The Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor forms plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Arbitrary File Copy via the create_entry_el() function in versions up to, and including, 1.5.1. The function reads raw_value from Elementor Pro's Form_Record object for upload-type fields and passes it directly to PHP's copy() without validating that the value corresponds to a legitimately uploaded file — when no file is present in $_FILES, raw_value reflects the attacker-controlled POST string. copy() accepts both local filesystem paths and URL sources, so the attacker can target any file readable by the PHP process or supply an attacker-controlled remote URL. Elementor Pro is a prerequisite for triggering the code path (it owns the elementor_pro/forms/new_record hook and populates the Form_Record object), but the bug itself is entirely in Contact Form Entries' handler. This could allow unauthenticated attackers to disclose arbitrary files on the affected site's server. The file is copied to a directory unknown to the attacker; the hashed directory name provides defense-in-depth but is generated from non-cryptographic sources (uniqid() + rand()) and should not be relied upon as the primary mitigation.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-07-02 13:56 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

Wordfence mitre root

References

5 references

URL	Tags
https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabil…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contac…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contac…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contac…
https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/contac…

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
crmperks	Database for Contact Form 7, WPforms, Elementor forms	Affected: 0 , ≤ 1.5.1 (semver)

Credits

Jonah Burgess (CryptoCat)

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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CVE-2026-9138 (GCVE-0-2026-9138)

Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-09-04 14:27 – Updated: 2026-09-10 21:00

Title

Langflow is vulnerable to arbitrary file write and arbitrary file deletion due to unvalidated paths in file-processing components

Summary

IBM Langflow OSS 1.0.0 through 1.11.2 Langflow could allow an authenticated attacker to write arbitrary files to the server due to improper input validation in the SaveToFileComponent. The application constructs local file paths using attacker‑controlled input without sufficient sanitization when handling requests to the /api/v1/run/{flow_id} endpoint. An attacker with low‑privileged authenticated access (such as a valid API key or user session) can supply crafted path values, including absolute paths or path traversal sequences, allowing arbitrary file writes to locations writable by the Langflow process. Successful exploitation may lead to unauthorized file creation or modification, potentially resulting in further compromise depending on the deployment environment.

Severity

6.5 (Medium)


                        
                          CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

SSVC

Exploitation: none Automatable: no Technical Impact: partial

CISA Coordinator · CISA-ADP (v2.0.3)

Decision recorded 2026-09-10 20:38 UTC

CWE

CWE-22 - Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')

Assigner

ibm mitre root

References

1 reference

URL	Tags
https://www.ibm.com/support/pages/node/7285643	vendor-advisorypatch

Impacted products

1 product

Vendor	Product	Version
IBM	Langflow OSS	Affected: 1.0.0 , ≤ 1.11.2 (semver) cpe:2.3:a:ibm:langflow_oss:1.0.0:::::::* cpe:2.3:a:ibm:langflow_oss:1.11.2:::::::*

Show details on NVD website

JSON

To clipboard

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Mitigation MIT-5.1

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.

Mitigation MIT-15

Architecture and Design

For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.

Mitigation MIT-20.1

Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
realpath() in C
getCanonicalPath() in Java
GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
realpath() in PHP

Mitigation MIT-4

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks

Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].

Mitigation MIT-29

Operation

Strategy: Firewall

Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].

Mitigation MIT-17

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.

Mitigation MIT-21.1

Architecture and Design

Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion

When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.

Mitigation MIT-22

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Sandbox or Jail

Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.

Mitigation MIT-34

Architecture and Design Operation

Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction

Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.

Mitigation MIT-39

Implementation

Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.

Mitigation MIT-16

Operation Implementation

Strategy: Environment Hardening

When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.

CAPEC-126: Path Traversal

An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.

CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic

This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.

CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls

An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.

CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.

CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding

This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.

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