CWE-22
Allowed-with-ReviewImproper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
Abstraction: Base · Status: Stable
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the product does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.
13403 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-JRRG-99XH-5J2Q
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-15 18:07 – Updated: 2026-06-10 13:41Summary
simplesamlphp-module-casserver builds file paths for the file-based CAS ticket store by directly concatenating the configured ticket directory with an attacker-controlled ticket identifier. Public CAS validation/proxy endpoints pass attacker-controlled ticket / pgt query parameters into this store.
In deployments using FileSystemTicketStore, a remote attacker can use path traversal sequences such as ../target.serialized to make the CAS server read and unserialize files outside the ticket directory. In the CAS 1.0 validation flow, the same attacker-selected path is also passed to deleteTicket() immediately after getTicket() returns, which can delete the target file when it is readable by the PHP process, deletable under the PHP process filesystem permissions, and unserializes to a value compatible with the ?array return type.
Preconditions
The demonstrated issue requires:
- the
casservermodule to be enabled; - the file-based ticket store to be configured (
FileSystemTicketStore); - public CAS validation/proxy endpoints to be reachable;
- the PHP process to have filesystem permissions for the target path.
- for the demonstrated CAS 1.0 deletion impact,
getTicket()must return without throwing; practically, the target file must contain serialized PHP data that unserializes to a value compatible with the?arrayreturn type, such as an array or null. Full CAS semantic validation is not required for deletion in CAS 1.0 becausedeleteTicket($ticket)is called immediately aftergetTicket($ticket).
The attacker does not need administrator access to SimpleSAMLphp.
Impact
Affected deployments can allow remote attackers to escape the configured CAS ticket directory through public ticket validation inputs.
Confirmed impact:
- read and unserialize files outside the ticket cache when the file content is valid serialized PHP data;
- delete attacker-selected files outside the ticket cache through the CAS 1.0 validation flow when the target is readable by the PHP process, deletable under the PHP process filesystem permissions, and the target content unserializes to a value compatible with the
?arrayreturn type, such as a serialized array or serialized null. Full CAS semantic validation is not required before deletion in the CAS 1.0 flow.
The file deletion impact depends on filesystem permissions of the PHP process. In realistic deployments, this can destroy CAS tickets, serialized SimpleSAMLphp runtime/cache files, or other writable files whose contents can be unserialized into a value accepted by the ?array return type. It may also delete attacker-created files outside the ticket directory if the attacker has another primitive to place such serialized content.
The unserialize() call creates a dangerous secondary primitive if an attacker can place a serialized object file at a reachable path, although this report does not claim a complete object-injection or RCE chain.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 7.0.2"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "Packagist",
"name": "simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-casserver"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "7.0.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-46491"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-05-15T18:07:51Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-06-10T00:16:53Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\n\n`simplesamlphp-module-casserver` builds file paths for the file-based CAS ticket store by directly concatenating the configured ticket directory with an attacker-controlled ticket identifier. Public CAS validation/proxy endpoints pass attacker-controlled `ticket` / `pgt` query parameters into this store.\n\nIn deployments using `FileSystemTicketStore`, a remote attacker can use path traversal sequences such as `../target.serialized` to make the CAS server read and unserialize files outside the ticket directory. In the CAS 1.0 validation flow, the same attacker-selected path is also passed to `deleteTicket()` immediately after `getTicket()` returns, which can delete the target file when it is readable by the PHP process, deletable under the PHP process filesystem permissions, and unserializes to a value compatible with the `?array` return type.\n\n### Preconditions\n\nThe demonstrated issue requires:\n\n- the `casserver` module to be enabled;\n- the file-based ticket store to be configured (`FileSystemTicketStore`);\n- public CAS validation/proxy endpoints to be reachable;\n- the PHP process to have filesystem permissions for the target path.\n- for the demonstrated CAS 1.0 deletion impact, `getTicket()` must return without throwing; practically, the target file must contain serialized PHP data that unserializes to a value compatible with the `?array` return type, such as an array or null. Full CAS semantic validation is not required for deletion in CAS 1.0 because `deleteTicket($ticket)` is called immediately after `getTicket($ticket)`.\n\nThe attacker does not need administrator access to SimpleSAMLphp.\n\n## Impact\n\nAffected deployments can allow remote attackers to escape the configured CAS ticket directory through public ticket validation inputs.\n\nConfirmed impact:\n\n- read and unserialize files outside the ticket cache when the file content is valid serialized PHP data;\n- delete attacker-selected files outside the ticket cache through the CAS 1.0 validation flow when the target is readable by the PHP process, deletable under the PHP process filesystem permissions, and the target content unserializes to a value compatible with the `?array` return type, such as a serialized array or serialized null. Full CAS semantic validation is not required before deletion in the CAS 1.0 flow.\n\nThe file deletion impact depends on filesystem permissions of the PHP process. In realistic deployments, this can destroy CAS tickets, serialized SimpleSAMLphp runtime/cache files, or other writable files whose contents can be unserialized into a value accepted by the `?array` return type. It may also delete attacker-created files outside the ticket directory if the attacker has another primitive to place such serialized content.\n\nThe `unserialize()` call creates a dangerous secondary primitive if an attacker can place a serialized object file at a reachable path, although this report does not claim a complete object-injection or RCE chain.",
"id": "GHSA-jrrg-99xh-5j2q",
"modified": "2026-06-10T13:41:15Z",
"published": "2026-05-15T18:07:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-casserver/security/advisories/GHSA-jrrg-99xh-5j2q"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-46491"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-casserver/commit/b84f3e4ed57c4d97e0dc73df102e7eff831a681f"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-casserver"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/simplesamlphp/simplesamlphp-module-casserver/releases/tag/v7.0.3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
],
"summary": "SimpleSAMLphp casserver FileSystemTicketStore path traversal allows out-of-ticket-directory read/unserialize and conditional deletion"
}
GHSA-JRVJ-5HH7-VF4W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-06-07 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-15 00:00SeedDMS 6.0.17 and 5.1.24 are vulnerable to Directory Traversal. The "Remove file" functionality inside the "Log files management" menu does not sanitize user input allowing attackers with admin privileges to delete arbitrary files on the remote system.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-28478"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-06-06T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "SeedDMS 6.0.17 and 5.1.24 are vulnerable to Directory Traversal. The \"Remove file\" functionality inside the \"Log files management\" menu does not sanitize user input allowing attackers with admin privileges to delete arbitrary files on the remote system.",
"id": "GHSA-jrvj-5hh7-vf4w",
"modified": "2022-06-15T00:00:22Z",
"published": "2022-06-07T00:00:31Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-28478"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/looCiprian/Responsible-Vulnerability-Disclosure/tree/main/CVE-2022-28478"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://sourceforge.net/p/seeddms/code/ci/d68c922152e8a8060dd7fc3ebdd7af685e270e36"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRW2-J933-X398
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-07-12 00:00 – Updated: 2022-07-16 00:00The kumardeepak/hin-eng-preprocessing repository through 2019-07-16 on GitHub allows absolute path traversal because the Flask send_file function is used unsafely.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-31540"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-07-11T01:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The kumardeepak/hin-eng-preprocessing repository through 2019-07-16 on GitHub allows absolute path traversal because the Flask send_file function is used unsafely.",
"id": "GHSA-jrw2-j933-x398",
"modified": "2022-07-16T00:00:30Z",
"published": "2022-07-12T00:00:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-31540"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/github/securitylab/issues/669#issuecomment-1117265726"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JRXJ-VH2X-2CC8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 03:09 – Updated: 2025-04-11 04:14Directory traversal vulnerability in the Tomcat administrative web interface in Cisco Unified Communications Manager allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via directory traversal sequences in an unspecified input string, aka Bug ID CSCui78815.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2013-5528"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2013-10-11T03:54:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in the Tomcat administrative web interface in Cisco Unified Communications Manager allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files via directory traversal sequences in an unspecified input string, aka Bug ID CSCui78815.",
"id": "GHSA-jrxj-vh2x-2cc8",
"modified": "2025-04-11T04:14:47Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T03:09:03Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2013-5528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40887"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://osvdb.org/98336"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/140071/Cisco-Unified-Communications-Manager-7-8-9-Directory-Traversal.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://tools.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityNotice/CVE-2013-5528"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/62960"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": []
}
GHSA-JV3W-4H8M-V487
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 09:30 – Updated: 2025-09-17 09:30The StoreEngine – Powerful WordPress eCommerce Plugin for Payments, Memberships, Affiliates, Sales & More plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.0 via the file_download() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-9215"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T07:15:42Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "The StoreEngine \u2013 Powerful WordPress eCommerce Plugin for Payments, Memberships, Affiliates, Sales \u0026 More plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Path Traversal in all versions up to, and including, 1.5.0 via the file_download() function. This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Subscriber-level access and above, to read the contents of arbitrary files on the server, which can contain sensitive information.",
"id": "GHSA-jv3w-4h8m-v487",
"modified": "2025-09-17T09:30:44Z",
"published": "2025-09-17T09:30:44Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-9215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/d0n601/CVE-2025-9215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/storeengine/trunk/addons/csv/ajax/export.php#L47"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3360097/storeengine/trunk/addons/csv/ajax/export.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://ryankozak.com/posts/cve-2025-9215"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/07b1dc05-1340-4ea3-9315-3e1ca4a0cb7f?source=cve"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV4F-V7GG-5MVH
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-03-04 21:30 – Updated: 2025-03-04 21:30A vulnerability regarding improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory ('Path Traversal') is found in the Language Settings functionality. This allows remote attackers to read specific files containing non-sensitive information via unspecified vectors. The following models with Synology Camera Firmware versions before 1.0.7-0298 may be affected: BC500 and TC500.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-47803"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-06-28T06:15:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability regarding improper limitation of a pathname to a restricted directory (\u0027Path Traversal\u0027) is found in the Language Settings functionality. This allows remote attackers to read specific files containing non-sensitive information via unspecified vectors. The following models with Synology Camera Firmware versions before 1.0.7-0298 may be affected: BC500 and TC500.",
"id": "GHSA-jv4f-v7gg-5mvh",
"modified": "2025-03-04T21:30:53Z",
"published": "2025-03-04T21:30:53Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-47803"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.synology.com/en-global/security/advisory/Synology_SA_23_15"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV5X-HVG3-3PJM
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:11 – Updated: 2024-04-04 02:49An issue was discovered in the File Upload plugin before 4.13.0 for WordPress. A directory traversal can lead to remote code execution by uploading a crafted txt file into the lib directory, because of a wfu_include_lib call.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-10564"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2020-03-13T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in the File Upload plugin before 4.13.0 for WordPress. A directory traversal can lead to remote code execution by uploading a crafted txt file into the lib directory, because of a wfu_include_lib call.",
"id": "GHSA-jv5x-hvg3-3pjm",
"modified": "2024-04-04T02:49:22Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:11:30Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-10564"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/beerpwn/CVE/tree/master/WP-File-Upload_disclosure_report"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wordpress.org/plugins/wp-file-upload/#developers"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://wpvulndb.com/vulnerabilities/10132"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV6R-27WW-4GW4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-03-03 19:17 – Updated: 2026-03-25 18:42Summary
DM pairing-store identities were incorrectly eligible for group allowlist authorization checks, enabling cross-context authorization in group message paths.
Details
In affected versions, group allowlist evaluation could inherit identities from the DM pairing store. A sender approved via DM pairing could satisfy group sender allowlist checks without being explicitly present in groupAllowFrom.
This is an authorization-policy boundary issue between DM pairing and group allowlists.
Affected Packages / Versions
openclaw(npm): affected<= 2026.2.25(latest published npm version at triage time)openclaw(npm): patched>= 2026.2.26(planned next release)
Fix Commit(s)
openclaw/openclaw@8bdda7a651c21e98faccdbbd73081e79cffe8be0openclaw/openclaw@051fdcc428129446e7c084260f837b7284279ce9
Release Process Note
patched_versions is pre-set to the planned next release (2026.2.26) so once npm release is published, maintainers can publish the advisory without additional metadata edits.
Maintainer Timeline Note
Maintainers landed the initial fix before this report was filed; this report still provided useful independent confirmation of the issue class and exploit path.
OpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.
{
"affected": [
{
"database_specific": {
"last_known_affected_version_range": "\u003c= 2026.2.25"
},
"package": {
"ecosystem": "npm",
"name": "openclaw"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2026.2.26"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-32027"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22",
"CWE-285",
"CWE-863"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2026-03-03T19:17:22Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2026-03-19T22:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "## Summary\nDM pairing-store identities were incorrectly eligible for group allowlist authorization checks, enabling cross-context authorization in group message paths.\n\n## Details\nIn affected versions, group allowlist evaluation could inherit identities from the DM pairing store. A sender approved via DM pairing could satisfy group sender allowlist checks without being explicitly present in `groupAllowFrom`.\n\nThis is an authorization-policy boundary issue between DM pairing and group allowlists.\n\n## Affected Packages / Versions\n- `openclaw` (npm): affected `\u003c= 2026.2.25` (latest published npm version at triage time)\n- `openclaw` (npm): patched `\u003e= 2026.2.26` (planned next release)\n\n## Fix Commit(s)\n- `openclaw/openclaw@8bdda7a651c21e98faccdbbd73081e79cffe8be0`\n- `openclaw/openclaw@051fdcc428129446e7c084260f837b7284279ce9`\n\n## Release Process Note\n`patched_versions` is pre-set to the planned next release (`2026.2.26`) so once npm release is published, maintainers can publish the advisory without additional metadata edits.\n\n## Maintainer Timeline Note\nMaintainers landed the initial fix before this report was filed; this report still provided useful independent confirmation of the issue class and exploit path.\n\nOpenClaw thanks @tdjackey for reporting.",
"id": "GHSA-jv6r-27ww-4gw4",
"modified": "2026-03-25T18:42:22Z",
"published": "2026-03-03T19:17:22Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-jv6r-27ww-4gw4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-32027"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/051fdcc428129446e7c084260f837b7284279ce9"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/8bdda7a651c21e98faccdbbd73081e79cffe8be0"
},
{
"type": "PACKAGE",
"url": "https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-improper-authorization-via-dm-pairing-store-identity-inheritance-in-group-allowlist"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "OpenClaw DM pairing-store identities could satisfy group allowlist authorization"
}
GHSA-JV6W-84RC-RMVF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:26 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:26Directory traversal vulnerability in the Visor GUI Console in GridGain before 1.7.16, 1.8.x before 1.8.12, 1.9.x before 1.9.7, and 8.x before 8.1.5 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files on remote cluster nodes via a crafted path.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-14614"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-10-10T01:30:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Directory traversal vulnerability in the Visor GUI Console in GridGain before 1.7.16, 1.8.x before 1.8.12, 1.9.x before 1.9.7, and 8.x before 8.1.5 allows remote authenticated users to read arbitrary files on remote cluster nodes via a crafted path.",
"id": "GHSA-jv6w-84rc-rmvf",
"modified": "2022-05-17T00:26:11Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T00:26:11Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-14614"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/10/05/1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-JV74-C838-VCPF
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-08-13 09:30 – Updated: 2024-08-13 09:30A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC NMS (All versions < V3.0). The importCertificate function of the SINEC NMS Control web application contains a path traversal vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated attacker it to delete arbitrary certificate files on the drive SINEC NMS is installed on.
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2024-41938"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-22"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-08-13T08:15:14Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC NMS (All versions \u003c V3.0). The importCertificate function of the SINEC NMS Control web application contains a path traversal vulnerability. This could allow an authenticated attacker it to delete arbitrary certificate files on the drive SINEC NMS is installed on.",
"id": "GHSA-jv74-c838-vcpf",
"modified": "2024-08-13T09:30:52Z",
"published": "2024-08-13T09:30:52Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-41938"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784301.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:L",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:L/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- When validating filenames, use stringent allowlists that limit the character set to be used. If feasible, only allow a single "." character in the filename to avoid weaknesses such as CWE-23, and exclude directory separators such as "/" to avoid CWE-36. Use a list of allowable file extensions, which will help to avoid CWE-434.
- Do not rely exclusively on a filtering mechanism that removes potentially dangerous characters. This is equivalent to a denylist, which may be incomplete (CWE-184). For example, filtering "/" is insufficient protection if the filesystem also supports the use of "\" as a directory separator. Another possible error could occur when the filtering is applied in a way that still produces dangerous data (CWE-182). For example, if "../" sequences are removed from the ".../...//" string in a sequential fashion, two instances of "../" would be removed from the original string, but the remaining characters would still form the "../" string.
Mitigation MIT-15
For any security checks that are performed on the client side, ensure that these checks are duplicated on the server side, in order to avoid CWE-602. Attackers can bypass the client-side checks by modifying values after the checks have been performed, or by changing the client to remove the client-side checks entirely. Then, these modified values would be submitted to the server.
Mitigation MIT-20.1
Strategy: Input Validation
- Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174). Such errors could be used to bypass allowlist validation schemes by introducing dangerous inputs after they have been checked.
- Use a built-in path canonicalization function (such as realpath() in C) that produces the canonical version of the pathname, which effectively removes ".." sequences and symbolic links (CWE-23, CWE-59). This includes:
- realpath() in C
- getCanonicalPath() in Java
- GetFullPath() in ASP.NET
- realpath() or abs_path() in Perl
- realpath() in PHP
Mitigation MIT-4
Strategy: Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid [REF-1482].
Mitigation MIT-29
Strategy: Firewall
Use an application firewall that can detect attacks against this weakness. It can be beneficial in cases in which the code cannot be fixed (because it is controlled by a third party), as an emergency prevention measure while more comprehensive software assurance measures are applied, or to provide defense in depth [REF-1481].
Mitigation MIT-17
Strategy: Environment Hardening
Run your code using the lowest privileges that are required to accomplish the necessary tasks [REF-76]. If possible, create isolated accounts with limited privileges that are only used for a single task. That way, a successful attack will not immediately give the attacker access to the rest of the software or its environment. For example, database applications rarely need to run as the database administrator, especially in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation MIT-21.1
Strategy: Enforcement by Conversion
- When the set of acceptable objects, such as filenames or URLs, is limited or known, create a mapping from a set of fixed input values (such as numeric IDs) to the actual filenames or URLs, and reject all other inputs.
- For example, ID 1 could map to "inbox.txt" and ID 2 could map to "profile.txt". Features such as the ESAPI AccessReferenceMap [REF-185] provide this capability.
Mitigation MIT-22
Strategy: Sandbox or Jail
- Run the code in a "jail" or similar sandbox environment that enforces strict boundaries between the process and the operating system. This may effectively restrict which files can be accessed in a particular directory or which commands can be executed by the software.
- OS-level examples include the Unix chroot jail, AppArmor, and SELinux. In general, managed code may provide some protection. For example, java.io.FilePermission in the Java SecurityManager allows the software to specify restrictions on file operations.
- This may not be a feasible solution, and it only limits the impact to the operating system; the rest of the application may still be subject to compromise.
- Be careful to avoid CWE-243 and other weaknesses related to jails.
Mitigation MIT-34
Strategy: Attack Surface Reduction
- Store library, include, and utility files outside of the web document root, if possible. Otherwise, store them in a separate directory and use the web server's access control capabilities to prevent attackers from directly requesting them. One common practice is to define a fixed constant in each calling program, then check for the existence of the constant in the library/include file; if the constant does not exist, then the file was directly requested, and it can exit immediately.
- This significantly reduces the chance of an attacker being able to bypass any protection mechanisms that are in the base program but not in the include files. It will also reduce the attack surface.
Mitigation MIT-39
- Ensure that error messages only contain minimal details that are useful to the intended audience and no one else. The messages need to strike the balance between being too cryptic (which can confuse users) or being too detailed (which may reveal more than intended). The messages should not reveal the methods that were used to determine the error. Attackers can use detailed information to refine or optimize their original attack, thereby increasing their chances of success.
- If errors must be captured in some detail, record them in log messages, but consider what could occur if the log messages can be viewed by attackers. Highly sensitive information such as passwords should never be saved to log files.
- Avoid inconsistent messaging that might accidentally tip off an attacker about internal state, such as whether a user account exists or not.
- In the context of path traversal, error messages which disclose path information can help attackers craft the appropriate attack strings to move through the file system hierarchy.
Mitigation MIT-16
Strategy: Environment Hardening
When using PHP, configure the application so that it does not use register_globals. During implementation, develop the application so that it does not rely on this feature, but be wary of implementing a register_globals emulation that is subject to weaknesses such as CWE-95, CWE-621, and similar issues.
CAPEC-126: Path Traversal
An adversary uses path manipulation methods to exploit insufficient input validation of a target to obtain access to data that should be not be retrievable by ordinary well-formed requests. A typical variety of this attack involves specifying a path to a desired file together with dot-dot-slash characters, resulting in the file access API or function traversing out of the intended directory structure and into the root file system. By replacing or modifying the expected path information the access function or API retrieves the file desired by the attacker. These attacks either involve the attacker providing a complete path to a targeted file or using control characters (e.g. path separators (/ or \) and/or dots (.)) to reach desired directories or files.
CAPEC-64: Using Slashes and URL Encoding Combined to Bypass Validation Logic
This attack targets the encoding of the URL combined with the encoding of the slash characters. An attacker can take advantage of the multiple ways of encoding a URL and abuse the interpretation of the URL. A URL may contain special character that need special syntax handling in order to be interpreted. Special characters are represented using a percentage character followed by two digits representing the octet code of the original character (%HEX-CODE). For instance US-ASCII space character would be represented with %20. This is often referred as escaped ending or percent-encoding. Since the server decodes the URL from the requests, it may restrict the access to some URL paths by validating and filtering out the URL requests it received. An attacker will try to craft an URL with a sequence of special characters which once interpreted by the server will be equivalent to a forbidden URL. It can be difficult to protect against this attack since the URL can contain other format of encoding such as UTF-8 encoding, Unicode-encoding, etc.
CAPEC-76: Manipulating Web Input to File System Calls
An attacker manipulates inputs to the target software which the target software passes to file system calls in the OS. The goal is to gain access to, and perhaps modify, areas of the file system that the target software did not intend to be accessible.
CAPEC-78: Using Escaped Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the use of the backslash in alternate encoding. An adversary can provide a backslash as a leading character and causes a parser to believe that the next character is special. This is called an escape. By using that trick, the adversary tries to exploit alternate ways to encode the same character which leads to filter problems and opens avenues to attack.
CAPEC-79: Using Slashes in Alternate Encoding
This attack targets the encoding of the Slash characters. An adversary would try to exploit common filtering problems related to the use of the slashes characters to gain access to resources on the target host. Directory-driven systems, such as file systems and databases, typically use the slash character to indicate traversal between directories or other container components. For murky historical reasons, PCs (and, as a result, Microsoft OSs) choose to use a backslash, whereas the UNIX world typically makes use of the forward slash. The schizophrenic result is that many MS-based systems are required to understand both forms of the slash. This gives the adversary many opportunities to discover and abuse a number of common filtering problems. The goal of this pattern is to discover server software that only applies filters to one version, but not the other.