Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-134
AllowedUse of Externally-Controlled Format String
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product uses a function that accepts a format string as an argument, but the format string originates from an external source.
499 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-64157 (GCVE-0-2025-64157)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-02-10 15:39 – Updated: 2026-05-12 12:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.4, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.9, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0 all versions allows an authenticated admin to execute unauthorized code or commands via specifically crafted configuration.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-134 - Execute unauthorized code or commands
Assigner
References
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiOS |
Affected:
7.6.0 , ≤ 7.6.4
(semver)
Affected: 7.4.0 , ≤ 7.4.9 (semver) Affected: 7.2.0 , ≤ 7.2.11 (semver) Affected: 7.0.0 , ≤ 7.0.19 (semver) cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.19:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.18:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.17:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.16:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.15:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.14:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.13:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.12:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.11:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.9:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.8:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.7:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.6:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:* cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:7.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:* |
|
| Siemens | RUGGEDCOM APE1808 |
Affected:
0 , < *
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-55298 (GCVE-0-2025-55298)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-26 17:20 – Updated: 2025-11-03 18:13
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
ImageMagick Format String Bug in InterpretImageFilename leads to arbitrary code execution
Summary
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. Prior to ImageMagick versions 6.9.13-28 and 7.1.2-2, a format string bug vulnerability exists in InterpretImageFilename function where user input is directly passed to FormatLocaleString without proper sanitization. An attacker can overwrite arbitrary memory regions, enabling a wide range of attacks from heap overflow to remote code execution. This issue has been patched in versions 6.9.13-28 and 7.1.2-2.
Severity
7.5 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/securi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/commit… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/dlemstra/Magick.NET/releases/t… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ImageMagick | ImageMagick |
Affected:
< 7.1.2-2
Affected: < 6.9.13-28 |
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CVE-2025-53591 (GCVE-0-2025-53591)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2026-01-02 14:55 – Updated: 2026-01-05 20:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 and later
QuTS hero h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.7.3256 build 20250913
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.3.x , < h5.3.1.3250 build 20250912
(custom)
Affected: h5.2.x , < h5.2.7.3256 build 20250913 (custom) |
Credits
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CVE-2025-53407 (GCVE-0-2025-53407)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 18:14 – Updated: 2025-10-03 19:09
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
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|---|---|---|---|
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Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
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CVE-2025-53406 (GCVE-0-2025-53406)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 18:14 – Updated: 2025-10-03 19:10
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
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|---|---|---|---|
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Affected:
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|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
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CVE-2025-52429 (GCVE-0-2025-52429)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 18:11 – Updated: 2025-10-03 20:46
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
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Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715
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|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.2.x , < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715
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|
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CVE-2025-48826 (GCVE-0-2025-48826)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-07 13:55 – Updated: 2025-11-03 17:44 Unsupported When Assigned
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
A format string vulnerability exists in the formPingCmd functionality of Planet WGR-500 v1.3411b190912. A specially crafted series of HTTP requests can lead to memory corruption. An attacker can send a series of HTTP requests to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
8.8 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-134 - Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
Assigner
References
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CVE-2025-48730 (GCVE-0-2025-48730)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-03 18:10 – Updated: 2025-10-03 20:47
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
QTS, QuTS hero
Summary
A use of externally-controlled format string vulnerability has been reported to affect several QNAP operating system versions. If a remote attacker gains an administrator account, they can then exploit the vulnerability to obtain secret data or modify memory.
We have already fixed the vulnerability in the following versions:
QTS 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
QuTS hero h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715 and later
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
1 reference
Impacted products
2 products
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QTS |
Affected:
5.2.x , < 5.2.6.3195 build 20250715
(custom)
|
|
| QNAP Systems Inc. | QuTS hero |
Affected:
h5.2.x , < h5.2.6.3195 build 20250715
(custom)
|
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CVE-2025-48388 (GCVE-0-2025-48388)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-29 09:16 – Updated: 2025-05-29 13:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
FreeScout Has Insufficient Protection Against CRLF-injection
Summary
FreeScout is a free self-hosted help desk and shared mailbox. Prior to version 1.8.178, the application performs insufficient validation of user-supplied data, which is used as arguments to string formatting functions. As a result, an attacker can pass a string containing special symbols (\r, \n, \t)to the application. This issue has been patched in version 1.8.178.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/freescout-help-desk/freescout/… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| freescout-help-desk | freescout |
Affected:
< 1.8.178
|
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CVE-2025-40600 (GCVE-0-2025-40600)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-29 21:11 – Updated: 2025-07-30 15:07
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Use of Externally-Controlled Format String vulnerability in the SonicOS SSL VPN interface allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause service disruption.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-134 - Use of Externally-Controlled Format String
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://psirt.global.sonicwall.com/vuln-detail/SN… | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
Date Public
2025-07-29 09:04
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Mitigation
Requirements
Choose a language that is not subject to this flaw.
Mitigation
Implementation
Ensure that all format string functions are passed a static string which cannot be controlled by the user, and that the proper number of arguments are always sent to that function as well. If at all possible, use functions that do not support the %n operator in format strings. [REF-116] [REF-117]
Mitigation
Build and Compilation
Run compilers and linkers with high warning levels, since they may detect incorrect usage.
CAPEC-135: Format String Injection
An adversary includes formatting characters in a string input field on the target application. Most applications assume that users will provide static text and may respond unpredictably to the presence of formatting character. For example, in certain functions of the C programming languages such as printf, the formatting character %s will print the contents of a memory location expecting this location to identify a string and the formatting character %n prints the number of DWORD written in the memory. An adversary can use this to read or write to memory locations or files, or simply to manipulate the value of the resulting text in unexpected ways. Reading or writing memory may result in program crashes and writing memory could result in the execution of arbitrary code if the adversary can write to the program stack.
CAPEC-67: String Format Overflow in syslog()
This attack targets applications and software that uses the syslog() function insecurely. If an application does not explicitely use a format string parameter in a call to syslog(), user input can be placed in the format string parameter leading to a format string injection attack. Adversaries can then inject malicious format string commands into the function call leading to a buffer overflow. There are many reported software vulnerabilities with the root cause being a misuse of the syslog() function.