Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-1321
AllowedImproperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Abstraction: Variant · Status: Incomplete
The product receives input from an upstream component that specifies attributes that are to be initialized or updated in an object, but it does not properly control modifications of attributes of the object prototype.
779 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
CVE-2025-62381 (GCVE-0-2025-62381)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-15 17:12 – Updated: 2025-10-15 19:50
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
sveltekit-superforms Prototype Pollution in `parseFormData` function of `formData.js`
Summary
sveltekit-superforms makes SvelteKit forms a pleasure to use. sveltekit-superforms v2.27.3 and prior are susceptible to a prototype pollution vulnerability within the parseFormData function of formData.js. An attacker can inject string and array properties into Object.prototype, leading to denial of service, type confusion, and potential remote code execution in downstream applications that rely on polluted objects. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.27.4.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/ciscoheat/sveltekit-superforms… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/ciscoheat/sveltekit-superforms… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ciscoheat | sveltekit-superforms |
Affected:
< 2.27.4
|
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CVE-2025-62374 (GCVE-0-2025-62374)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-10-14 20:06 – Updated: 2025-10-14 20:29
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Parse Javascript SDK vulnerable to prototype pollution in `Parse.Object` and internal APIs
Summary
Parse Javascript SDK provides access to the powerful Parse Server backend from your JavaScript app. Prior to 7.0.0, injection of malicious payload allows attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code. ParseObject.fromJSON, ParseObject.pin, ParseObject.registerSubclass, ObjectStateMutations (internal), and encode/decode (internal) are affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 7.0.0.
Severity
6.4 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
4 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/parse-community/Parse-SDK-JS/s… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/parse-community/Parse-SDK-JS/p… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/Parse-SDK-JS/c… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/parse-community/Parse-SDK-JS/r… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| parse-community | Parse-SDK-JS |
Affected:
< 7.0.0-alpha.1
|
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CVE-2025-58280 (GCVE-0-2025-58280)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-09-05 07:55 – Updated: 2025-09-29 16:57
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
Vulnerability of exposing object heap addresses in the Ark eTS module.
Impact: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability may affect availability.
Severity
8.4 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
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CVE-2025-57820 (GCVE-0-2025-57820)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-26 22:33 – Updated: 2025-08-27 20:42
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Svelte devalue vulnerable to prototype pollution
Summary
Svelte devalue is a utility library. Prior to version 5.3.2, a string passed to devalue.parse could represent an object with a __proto__ property and devalue.parse does not check that an index is numeric. This could result in assigning prototypes to objects and properties, leading to prototype pollution. This issue has been fixed in version 5.3.2
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sveltejs/devalue/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sveltejs/devalue/commit/0623a4… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-55195 (GCVE-0-2025-55195)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-14 16:39 – Updated: 2025-08-14 19:18
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
@std/toml Prototype Pollution in Node.js and Browser
Summary
@std/toml is the Deno Standard Library. Prior to version 1.0.9, an attacker can pollute the prototype chain in Node.js runtime and Browser when parsing untrusted TOML data, thus achieving Prototype Pollution (PP) vulnerability. This is because the library is merging an untrusted object with an empty object, which by default the empty object has the prototype chain. This issue has been patched in version 1.0.9.
Severity
7.3 (High)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/denoland/std/security/advisori… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/denoland/std/commit/540662cfd6… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/denoland/std/releases/tag/rele… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-55164 (GCVE-0-2025-55164)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-12 16:02 – Updated: 2025-08-20 19:39
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
content-security-policy-parser Prototype Pollution Vulnerability May Lead to RCE
Summary
content-security-policy-parser parses content security policy directives. A prototype pollution vulnerability exists in versions 0.5.0 and earlier, wherein if a policy name is called __proto__, one can override the Object prototype. This issue has been patched in version 0.6.0. A workaround involves disabling prototype method in NodeJS, neutralizing all possible prototype pollution attacks. Provide either --disable-proto=delete (recommended) or --disable-proto=throw as an argument to node to enable this feature.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
5 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/helmetjs/content-security-poli… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/helmetjs/content-security-poli… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://github.com/helmetjs/content-security-poli… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-5… | |
| https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-5… |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| helmetjs | content-security-policy-parser |
Affected:
< 0.6.0
|
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CVE-2025-54803 (GCVE-0-2025-54803)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-08-05 00:06 – Updated: 2025-08-05 14:31
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
js-toml is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution
Summary
js-toml is a TOML parser for JavaScript, fully compliant with the TOML 1.0.0 Spec. In versions below 1.0.2, a prototype pollution vulnerability in js-toml allows a remote attacker to add or modify properties of the global Object.prototype by parsing a maliciously crafted TOML input. This is fixed in version 1.0.2.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
3 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/sunnyadn/js-toml/security/advi… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/sunnyadn/js-toml/commit/b12591… | x_refsource_MISC |
| https://gist.github.com/siunam321/f3dc4d21a5a932c… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-53626 (GCVE-0-2025-53626)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-07-10 18:49 – Updated: 2025-07-10 19:08
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
pdfme has Sandbox Escape and Prototype Pollution vulnerabilities in pdfme expression evaluation
Summary
pdfme is a TypeScript-based PDF generator and React-based UI. The expression evaluation feature in pdfme 5.2.0 to 5.4.0 contains critical vulnerabilities allowing sandbox escape leading to XSS and prototype pollution attacks. This vulnerability is fixed in 5.4.1.
Severity
6.1 (Medium)
SSVC
Exploitation: poc
Automatable: no
Technical Impact: partial
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme/security/advisorie… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/pdfme/pdfme/commit/0dd54739acf… | x_refsource_MISC |
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CVE-2025-49223 (GCVE-0-2025-49223)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-06-04 02:00 – Updated: 2025-06-04 13:33
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Summary
billboard.js before 3.15.1 was discovered to contain a prototype pollution via the function generate, which could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a Denial of Service (DoS) via injecting arbitrary properties.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
1 reference
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://cve.naver.com/detail/cve-2025-49223.html | vendor-advisory |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NAVER | billboard.js |
Unaffected:
3.15.1
|
Credits
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CVE-2025-48054 (GCVE-0-2025-48054)
Vulnerability from cvelistv5 – Published: 2025-05-27 04:04 – Updated: 2025-05-27 20:01
VLAI
EPSS
VEX
Title
Radashi Vulnerable to Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Summary
Radashi is a TypeScript utility toolkit. Prior to version 12.5.1, the set function within the Radashi library is vulnerable to prototype pollution. If an attacker can control parts of the path argument to the set function, they could potentially modify the prototype of all objects in the JavaScript runtime, leading to unexpected behavior, denial of service, or even remote code execution in some specific scenarios. This issue has been patched in version 12.5.1. A workaround for this issue involves sanitizing the path argument provided to the set function to ensure that no part of the path string is __proto__, prototype, or constructor.
Severity
SSVC
Exploitation: none
Automatable: yes
Technical Impact: total
CISA Coordinator (v2.0.3)
CWE
- CWE-1321 - Improperly Controlled Modification of Object Prototype Attributes ('Prototype Pollution')
Assigner
References
2 references
| URL | Tags |
|---|---|
| https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/security/a… | x_refsource_CONFIRM |
| https://github.com/radashi-org/radashi/commit/814… | x_refsource_MISC |
Impacted products
1 product
| Vendor | Product | Version | |
|---|---|---|---|
| radashi-org | radashi |
Affected:
< 12.5.1
|
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Mitigation
Implementation
By freezing the object prototype first (for example, Object.freeze(Object.prototype)), modification of the prototype becomes impossible.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
By blocking modifications of attributes that resolve to object prototype, such as proto or prototype, this weakness can be mitigated.
Mitigation
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
When handling untrusted objects, validating using a schema can be used.
Mitigation
Implementation
By using an object without prototypes (via Object.create(null) ), adding object prototype attributes by accessing the prototype via the special attributes becomes impossible, mitigating this weakness.
Mitigation
Implementation
Map can be used instead of objects in most cases. If Map methods are used instead of object attributes, it is not possible to access the object prototype or modify it.
CAPEC-1: Accessing Functionality Not Properly Constrained by ACLs
In applications, particularly web applications, access to functionality is mitigated by an authorization framework. This framework maps Access Control Lists (ACLs) to elements of the application's functionality; particularly URL's for web apps. In the case that the administrator failed to specify an ACL for a particular element, an attacker may be able to access it with impunity. An attacker with the ability to access functionality not properly constrained by ACLs can obtain sensitive information and possibly compromise the entire application. Such an attacker can access resources that must be available only to users at a higher privilege level, can access management sections of the application, or can run queries for data that they otherwise not supposed to.
CAPEC-180: Exploiting Incorrectly Configured Access Control Security Levels
An attacker exploits a weakness in the configuration of access controls and is able to bypass the intended protection that these measures guard against and thereby obtain unauthorized access to the system or network. Sensitive functionality should always be protected with access controls. However configuring all but the most trivial access control systems can be very complicated and there are many opportunities for mistakes. If an attacker can learn of incorrectly configured access security settings, they may be able to exploit this in an attack.
CAPEC-77: Manipulating User-Controlled Variables
This attack targets user controlled variables (DEBUG=1, PHP Globals, and So Forth). An adversary can override variables leveraging user-supplied, untrusted query variables directly used on the application server without any data sanitization. In extreme cases, the adversary can change variables controlling the business logic of the application. For instance, in languages like PHP, a number of poorly set default configurations may allow the user to override variables.