Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11347 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-395H-H5JQ-GGP6
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-05-08 15:31
VLAI
Details
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
netfilter: xt_tcpmss: check remaining length before reading optlen
Quoting reporter: In net/netfilter/xt_tcpmss.c (lines 53-68), the TCP option parser reads op[i+1] directly without validating the remaining option length.
If the last byte of the option field is not EOL/NOP (0/1), the code attempts to index op[i+1]. In the case where i + 1 == optlen, this causes an out-of-bounds read, accessing memory past the optlen boundary (either reading beyond the stack buffer _opt or the following payload).
Severity
8.2 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2026-43190"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T12:16:37Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnetfilter: xt_tcpmss: check remaining length before reading optlen\n\nQuoting reporter:\n In net/netfilter/xt_tcpmss.c (lines 53-68), the TCP option parser reads\n op[i+1] directly without validating the remaining option length.\n\n If the last byte of the option field is not EOL/NOP (0/1), the code attempts\n to index op[i+1]. In the case where i + 1 == optlen, this causes an\n out-of-bounds read, accessing memory past the optlen boundary\n (either reading beyond the stack buffer _opt or the\n following payload).",
"id": "GHSA-395h-h5jq-ggp6",
"modified": "2026-05-08T15:31:17Z",
"published": "2026-05-06T12:30:32Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43190"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07a9b32eaae792ff7d0fcac14d8920c937c0a9c3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5e13d0a37666955b6cfddc0f73cb40ed645b8a05"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/735ee8582da3d239eb0c7a53adca61b79fb228b3"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b300f726640c48c3edfe9c453334dd801f4b74e"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd5beda7e0e32865e214f28034bb92c1cecff885"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/eaedc0bc18be46fe7f58170e967959a932c4f824"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f6c412dcfd76b0516d51aa847d8f4c7b70381b09"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f895191dc32c53eaf443b6443fe40945b2f92287"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-396X-6M2F-GQ26
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:42 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:42
VLAI
Details
The PPP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-ppp.c:print_ccp_config_options().
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13029"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-09-14T06:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The PPP parser in tcpdump before 4.9.2 has a buffer over-read in print-ppp.c:print_ccp_config_options().",
"id": "GHSA-396x-6m2f-gq26",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:42:55Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:42:55Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13029"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/the-tcpdump-group/tcpdump/commit/7029d15f148ef24bb7c6668bc640f5470d085e5a"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHEA-2018:0705"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201709-23"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/HT208221"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-3971"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039307"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump-changes.txt"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3975-PF2X-843G
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-27 15:30 – Updated: 2025-11-04 21:30
VLAI
Details
The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination or read kernel memory.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-40436"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-09-27T15:19:15Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "The issue was addressed with improved bounds checks. This issue is fixed in macOS Sonoma 14. An attacker may be able to cause unexpected system termination or read kernel memory.",
"id": "GHSA-3975-pf2x-843g",
"modified": "2025-11-04T21:30:41Z",
"published": "2023-09-27T15:30:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-40436"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT213940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://support.apple.com/kb/HT213940"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2023/Oct/3"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-3993-5R92-H3RG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-11-13 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-13 18:30
VLAI
Details
An improper input validation in saped_rec_silence in libsaped prior to SMR Nov-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to cause out-of-bounds read and write.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42538"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-11-07T08:15:19Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "An improper input validation in saped_rec_silence in libsaped prior to SMR Nov-2023 Release 1 allows attacker to cause out-of-bounds read and write.",
"id": "GHSA-3993-5r92-h3rg",
"modified": "2023-11-13T18:30:59Z",
"published": "2023-11-13T18:30:59Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42538"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.samsungmobile.com/securityUpdate.smsb?year=2023\u0026month=11"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-399F-937R-FWR9
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-07-12 12:31 – Updated: 2024-04-04 06:03
VLAI
Details
Adobe Media Encoder versions 22.0, 15.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious 3GP ?file
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-43757"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-07-12T12:15:09Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Adobe Media Encoder versions 22.0, 15.4.2 (and earlier) are affected by an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that could lead to disclosure of sensitive memory. An attacker could leverage this vulnerability to bypass mitigations such as ASLR. Exploitation of this issue requires user interaction in that a victim must open a malicious 3GP ?file",
"id": "GHSA-399f-937r-fwr9",
"modified": "2024-04-04T06:03:52Z",
"published": "2023-07-12T12:31:36Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-43757"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/media-encoder/apsb21-118.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-399H-RRQC-RPGV
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-12-01 18:30 – Updated: 2026-01-26 15:30
VLAI
Details
When reading an HTTP response from a server, if no read amount is specified, the default behavior will be to use Content-Length. This allows a malicious server to cause the client to read large amounts of data into memory, potentially causing OOM or other DoS.
Severity
9.1 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2025-13836"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-400"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2025-12-01T18:16:04Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "When reading an HTTP response from a server, if no read amount is specified, the default behavior will be to use Content-Length. This allows a malicious server to cause the client to read large amounts of data into memory, potentially causing OOM or other DoS.",
"id": "GHSA-399h-rrqc-rpgv",
"modified": "2026-01-26T15:30:30Z",
"published": "2025-12-01T18:30:38Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-13836"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/119451"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/119454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/14b1fdb0a94b96f86fc7b86671ea9582b8676628"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/289f29b0fe38baf2d7cb5854f4bb573cc34a6a15"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/4ce27904b597c77d74dd93f2c912676021a99155"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/5a4c4a033a4a54481be6870aa1896fad732555b5"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/5dc101675fd22918facbbe0fecdc821502beaaf0"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/afc40bdd3dd71f343fd9016f6d8eebbacbd6587c"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://mail.python.org/archives/list/security-announce@python.org/thread/OQ6G7MKRQIS3OAREC3HNG3D2DPOU34XO"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
]
}
GHSA-39C5-GVMJ-R7C2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-11 21:33 – Updated: 2024-04-04 08:34
VLAI
Details
In ProtocolEmbmsGlobalCellIdAdapter::Init() of protocolembmsadapter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with baseband firmware compromise required. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-35647"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-11T20:15:10Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "In ProtocolEmbmsGlobalCellIdAdapter::Init() of protocolembmsadapter.cpp, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with baseband firmware compromise required. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.\n\n",
"id": "GHSA-39c5-gvmj-r7c2",
"modified": "2024-04-04T08:34:47Z",
"published": "2023-10-11T21:33:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-35647"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/pixel/2023-10-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39C8-XRQG-GQ92
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:28 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:28
VLAI
Details
Incorrect texture handling in Angle in Google Chrome prior to 70.0.3538.67 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted HTML page.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17466"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-11-14T15:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Incorrect texture handling in Angle in Google Chrome prior to 70.0.3538.67 allowed a remote attacker to perform an out of bounds memory read via a crafted HTML page.",
"id": "GHSA-39c8-xrqg-gq92",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:28:58Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:28:58Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17466"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3004"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3831"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3833"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0159"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:0160"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2018/10/stable-channel-update-for-desktop.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://crbug.com/880906"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2018/12/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201811-10"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3844-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://usn.ubuntu.com/3868-1"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4330"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2018/dsa-4354"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.debian.org/security/2019/dsa-4362"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105666"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/106168"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39CX-43VF-MHH2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:15 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:15
VLAI
Details
ngiflib.c in MiniUPnP ngiflib 0.4 has a heap-based buffer over-read in GifIndexToTrueColor.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-11576"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-05-31T00:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "ngiflib.c in MiniUPnP ngiflib 0.4 has a heap-based buffer over-read in GifIndexToTrueColor.",
"id": "GHSA-39cx-43vf-mhh2",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:15:49Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:15:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-11576"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/miniupnp/ngiflib/issues/6"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/Edward-L/fuzzing-pocs/tree/master/ngiflib"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-39FR-GW2C-2QGC
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2024-05-03 03:31 – Updated: 2024-05-03 03:31
VLAI
Details
PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.
The specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20943.
Severity
7.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-42063"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2024-05-03T03:15:41Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "PDF-XChange Editor U3D File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of PDF-XChange Editor. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of U3D files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-20943.",
"id": "GHSA-39fr-gw2c-2qgc",
"modified": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
"published": "2024-05-03T03:31:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-42063"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.tracker-software.com/support/security-bulletins.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-23-1357"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.