Common Weakness Enumeration
CWE-125
AllowedOut-of-bounds Read
Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft
The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.
11304 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.
GHSA-2R8P-FG3C-WCJ4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-08-25 14:43 – Updated: 2024-11-13 17:28
VLAI
Summary
Heap OOB and CHECK fail in `ResourceGather`
Details
Impact
An attacker can trigger a crash via a CHECK-fail in debug builds of TensorFlow using tf.raw_ops.ResourceGather or a read from outside the bounds of heap allocated data in the same API in a release build:
import tensorflow as tf
tensor = tf.constant(value=[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]],shape=(3,2),dtype=tf.uint32)
v = tf.Variable(tensor)
tf.raw_ops.ResourceGather(
resource=v.handle,
indices=[0],
dtype=tf.uint32,
batch_dims=10,
validate_indices=False)
The implementation does not check that the batch_dims value that the user supplies is less than the rank of the input tensor.
Since the implementation uses several for loops over the dimensions of tensor, this results in reading data from outside the bounds of heap allocated buffer backing the tensor:
// batch_dims_ = > params.dims() (10 > 2)
for (int i = 0; i < batch_dims_; ++i) {
result_shape.AddDim(params.dim_size(i));
}
for (int i = batch_dims_; i < indices.dims(); ++i) {
result_shape.AddDim(indices.dim_size(i));
}
for (int i = batch_dims_ + 1; i < params.dims(); ++i) {
result_shape.AddDim(params.dim_size(i));
}
In debug mode, .dim_size(i) validates that the argument is less than .dims() using a DCHECK. But the DCHECK is a no-op in release builds.
Patches
We have patched the issue in GitHub commit bc9c546ce7015c57c2f15c168b3d9201de679a1d.
The fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.
For more information
Please consult our security guide for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.
Attribution
This vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.
Severity
{
"affected": [
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.5.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-cpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.5.0"
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.3.4"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.4.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.4.3"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"ecosystem": "PyPI",
"name": "tensorflow-gpu"
},
"ranges": [
{
"events": [
{
"introduced": "2.5.0"
},
{
"fixed": "2.5.1"
}
],
"type": "ECOSYSTEM"
}
],
"versions": [
"2.5.0"
]
}
],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2021-37654"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": true,
"github_reviewed_at": "2021-08-24T12:46:02Z",
"nvd_published_at": "2021-08-12T21:15:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "### Impact\nAn attacker can trigger a crash via a `CHECK`-fail in debug builds of TensorFlow using `tf.raw_ops.ResourceGather` or a read from outside the bounds of heap allocated data in the same API in a release build:\n\n```python\nimport tensorflow as tf\n\ntensor = tf.constant(value=[[1,2],[3,4],[5,6]],shape=(3,2),dtype=tf.uint32)\nv = tf.Variable(tensor)\ntf.raw_ops.ResourceGather(\n resource=v.handle,\n indices=[0],\n dtype=tf.uint32,\n batch_dims=10,\n validate_indices=False)\n```\n\nThe [implementation](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/f24faa153ad31a4b51578f8181d3aaab77a1ddeb/tensorflow/core/kernels/resource_variable_ops.cc#L660-L668) does not check that the `batch_dims` value that the user supplies is less than the rank of the input tensor.\n\nSince the implementation uses several for loops over the dimensions of `tensor`, this results in reading data from outside the bounds of heap allocated buffer backing the tensor:\n\n```cc\n // batch_dims_ = \u003e params.dims() (10 \u003e 2)\n for (int i = 0; i \u003c batch_dims_; ++i) {\n result_shape.AddDim(params.dim_size(i));\n }\n for (int i = batch_dims_; i \u003c indices.dims(); ++i) {\n result_shape.AddDim(indices.dim_size(i));\n }\n for (int i = batch_dims_ + 1; i \u003c params.dims(); ++i) {\n result_shape.AddDim(params.dim_size(i));\n }\n```\n\nIn debug mode, `.dim_size(i)` validates that the argument is less than `.dims()` using a `DCHECK`. But the `DCHECK` is a no-op in release builds.\n\n### Patches\nWe have patched the issue in GitHub commit [bc9c546ce7015c57c2f15c168b3d9201de679a1d](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/bc9c546ce7015c57c2f15c168b3d9201de679a1d).\n\nThe fix will be included in TensorFlow 2.6.0. We will also cherrypick this commit on TensorFlow 2.5.1, TensorFlow 2.4.3, and TensorFlow 2.3.4, as these are also affected and still in supported range.\n\n### For more information\nPlease consult [our security guide](https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/SECURITY.md) for more information regarding the security model and how to contact us with issues and questions.\n\n### Attribution\nThis vulnerability has been reported by members of the Aivul Team from Qihoo 360.",
"id": "GHSA-2r8p-fg3c-wcj4",
"modified": "2024-11-13T17:28:10Z",
"published": "2021-08-25T14:43:01Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/security/advisories/GHSA-2r8p-fg3c-wcj4"
},
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-37654"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/commit/bc9c546ce7015c57c2f15c168b3d9201de679a1d"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-cpu/PYSEC-2021-567.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow-gpu/PYSEC-2021-765.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/pypa/advisory-database/tree/main/vulns/tensorflow/PYSEC-2021-276.yaml"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
},
{
"score": "CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N",
"type": "CVSS_V4"
}
],
"summary": "Heap OOB and CHECK fail in `ResourceGather`"
}
GHSA-2R97-C5FX-X5HG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:23 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:23
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in GNU LibreDWG 0.7 and 0.7.1645. There is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function dwg_dxf_LTYPE at dwg.spec.
Severity
7.5 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2019-9778"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2019-03-14T09:29:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in GNU LibreDWG 0.7 and 0.7.1645. There is a heap-based buffer over-read in the function dwg_dxf_LTYPE at dwg.spec.",
"id": "GHSA-2r97-c5fx-x5hg",
"modified": "2022-05-13T01:23:06Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:23:06Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2019-9778"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/LibreDWG/libredwg/issues/99"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://savannah.gnu.org/bugs/index.php?55893"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00033.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-01/msg00045.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/107447"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RCR-VPMV-CJW2
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:47 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:38
VLAI
Details
libautotrace.a in AutoTrace 0.31.1 has a heap-based buffer over-read in the GET_COLOR function in color.c:16:11.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-9164"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-23T04:29:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "libautotrace.a in AutoTrace 0.31.1 has a heap-based buffer over-read in the GET_COLOR function in color.c:16:11.",
"id": "GHSA-2rcr-vpmv-cjw2",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:38:09Z",
"published": "2022-05-13T01:47:49Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-9164"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://blogs.gentoo.org/ago/2017/05/20/autotrace-multiple-vulnerabilities-the-autotrace-nightmare"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RF9-85PR-GW7V
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 02:46 – Updated: 2025-04-20 03:37
VLAI
Details
Foxit Reader before 8.2.1 and PhantomPDF before 8.2.1 have an out-of-bounds read that allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted font in a PDF document.
Severity
8.8 (High)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-8454"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2017-05-03T05:59:00Z",
"severity": "HIGH"
},
"details": "Foxit Reader before 8.2.1 and PhantomPDF before 8.2.1 have an out-of-bounds read that allows remote attackers to obtain sensitive information or possibly execute arbitrary code via a crafted font in a PDF document.",
"id": "GHSA-2rf9-85pr-gw7v",
"modified": "2025-04-20T03:37:12Z",
"published": "2022-05-17T02:46:07Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-8454"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/98320"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "http://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-17-135"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RG6-P99M-M238
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:26 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:26
VLAI
Details
In sdp_server_handle_client_req of sdp_server.cc, there is an out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 8.0, 8.1. Android ID: A-69384124.
Severity
6.2 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2017-13290"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-04-04T16:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In sdp_server_handle_client_req of sdp_server.cc, there is an out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android. Versions: 6.0, 6.0.1, 7.0, 7.1.1, 7.1.2, 8.0, 8.1. Android ID: A-69384124.",
"id": "GHSA-2rg6-p99m-m238",
"modified": "2022-05-14T03:26:42Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T03:26:42Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-13290"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-04-01"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RGH-8RCV-GFRG
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-10-30 18:30 – Updated: 2023-11-03 21:30
VLAI
Details
In Bluetooth, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure in the Bluetooth server with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.
Severity
4.4 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2023-21379"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2023-10-30T18:15:09Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "In Bluetooth, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to local information disclosure in the Bluetooth server with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation.",
"id": "GHSA-2rgh-8rcv-gfrg",
"modified": "2023-11-03T21:30:25Z",
"published": "2023-10-30T18:30:25Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-21379"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://source.android.com/docs/security/bulletin/android-14"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RH7-96QM-4H8W
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2021-12-03 00:00 – Updated: 2022-06-29 00:00
VLAI
Details
AOM v2.0.1 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via the component aom_dsp/x86/obmc_sad_avx2.c.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-36134"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-119",
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-12-02T22:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "AOM v2.0.1 was discovered to contain a segmentation violation via the component aom_dsp/x86/obmc_sad_avx2.c.",
"id": "GHSA-2rh7-96qm-4h8w",
"modified": "2022-06-29T00:00:32Z",
"published": "2021-12-03T00:00:26Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-36134"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://bugs.chromium.org/p/aomedia/issues/detail?id=2914"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202401-32"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RHG-QQ9V-FJP8
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 17:43 – Updated: 2022-05-24 17:43
VLAI
Details
A code execution vulnerability exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SNC_io_parser.h SNC_io_parser::read_sloop() slh->twin() An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger this vulnerability.
Severity
9.8 (Critical)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2020-28636"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125",
"CWE-129"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2021-03-04T20:15:00Z",
"severity": "CRITICAL"
},
"details": "A code execution vulnerability exists in the Nef polygon-parsing functionality of CGAL libcgal CGAL-5.1.1. An oob read vulnerability exists in Nef_S2/SNC_io_parser.h SNC_io_parser::read_sloop() slh-\u003etwin() An attacker can provide malicious input to trigger this vulnerability.",
"id": "GHSA-2rhg-qq9v-fjp8",
"modified": "2022-05-24T17:43:37Z",
"published": "2022-05-24T17:43:37Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-28636"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/05/msg00002.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/12/msg00011.html"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/E4J344OKKDLPRN422OYRR46HDEN6MM6P"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NB5SF5OJR2DSV7CC6U7FVW5VJSJO5EKV"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202305-34"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://talosintelligence.com/vulnerability_reports/TALOS-2020-1225"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RPF-552F-X2XX
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:57
VLAI
Details
An issue was discovered in WAVM before 2018-09-16. The loadModule function in Include/Inline/CLI.h lacks checking of the file length before a file magic comparison, allowing attackers to cause a Denial of Service (application crash caused by out-of-bounds read) by crafting a file that has fewer than 4 bytes.
Severity
6.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2018-17292"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2018-09-21T07:29:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "An issue was discovered in WAVM before 2018-09-16. The loadModule function in Include/Inline/CLI.h lacks checking of the file length before a file magic comparison, allowing attackers to cause a Denial of Service (application crash caused by out-of-bounds read) by crafting a file that has fewer than 4 bytes.",
"id": "GHSA-2rpf-552f-x2xx",
"modified": "2022-05-14T01:57:28Z",
"published": "2022-05-14T01:57:28Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-17292"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WAVM/WAVM/issues/109"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://github.com/WAVM/WAVM/commit/2de6cf70c5ef31e22ed119a25ac2daeefd3d18a1"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
GHSA-2RQ5-MVP2-Q8G4
Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-02-11 00:00 – Updated: 2025-05-05 18:31
VLAI
Details
Out-of-bounds read in the Intel(R) Trace Analyzer and Collector before version 2021.5 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.
Severity
5.5 (Medium)
{
"affected": [],
"aliases": [
"CVE-2022-21133"
],
"database_specific": {
"cwe_ids": [
"CWE-125"
],
"github_reviewed": false,
"github_reviewed_at": null,
"nvd_published_at": "2022-02-09T23:15:00Z",
"severity": "MODERATE"
},
"details": "Out-of-bounds read in the Intel(R) Trace Analyzer and Collector before version 2021.5 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable denial of service via local access.",
"id": "GHSA-2rq5-mvp2-q8g4",
"modified": "2025-05-05T18:31:34Z",
"published": "2022-02-11T00:00:51Z",
"references": [
{
"type": "ADVISORY",
"url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-21133"
},
{
"type": "WEB",
"url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/security-center/advisory/intel-sa-00639.html"
}
],
"schema_version": "1.4.0",
"severity": [
{
"score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
"type": "CVSS_V3"
}
]
}
Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation
Strategy: Input Validation
- Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
- When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
- Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
- To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design
Strategy: Language Selection
Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.
CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers
An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.