Common Weakness Enumeration

CWE-125

Allowed

Out-of-bounds Read

Abstraction: Base · Status: Draft

The product reads data past the end, or before the beginning, of the intended buffer.

11342 vulnerabilities reference this CWE, most recent first.

GHSA-248R-F975-PPFJ

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:13 – Updated: 2023-01-09 18:30
VLAI
Details

Processing a maliciously crafted font may result in the disclosure of process memory. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.4, tvOS 14.6, watchOS 7.5, iOS 14.6 and iPadOS 14.6. An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-30753"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-09-08T14:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "Processing a maliciously crafted font may result in the disclosure of process memory. This issue is fixed in macOS Big Sur 11.4, tvOS 14.6, watchOS 7.5, iOS 14.6 and iPadOS 14.6. An out-of-bounds read was addressed with improved input validation.",
  "id": "GHSA-248r-f975-ppfj",
  "modified": "2023-01-09T18:30:28Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:13:47Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-30753"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212528"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212529"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212532"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212533"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-249M-JPH6-JC9X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2023-09-04 03:30 – Updated: 2024-04-04 07:25
VLAI
Details

In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS08037801; Issue ID: ALPS08037801.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2023-32815"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2023-09-04T03:15:13Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "In gnss service, there is a possible out of bounds read due to improper input validation. This could lead to local information disclosure with System execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Patch ID: ALPS08037801; Issue ID: ALPS08037801.",
  "id": "GHSA-249m-jph6-jc9x",
  "modified": "2024-04-04T07:25:14Z",
  "published": "2023-09-04T03:30:20Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-32815"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://corp.mediatek.com/product-security-bulletin/September-2023"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24C3-G8GG-8JWH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-17 00:14 – Updated: 2022-05-17 00:14
VLAI
Details

An issue was discovered in Adobe Acrobat and Reader: 2017.012.20098 and earlier versions, 2017.011.30066 and earlier versions, 2015.006.30355 and earlier versions, and 11.0.22 and earlier versions. This vulnerability occurs because of a computation that reads data that is past the end of the target buffer; the computation is part of the XPS conversion module, when handling a JPEG resource. The use of an invalid (out-of-range) pointer offset during access of internal data structure fields causes the vulnerability. A successful attack can lead to sensitive data exposure.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2017-16412"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2017-12-09T06:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "An issue was discovered in Adobe Acrobat and Reader: 2017.012.20098 and earlier versions, 2017.011.30066 and earlier versions, 2015.006.30355 and earlier versions, and 11.0.22 and earlier versions. This vulnerability occurs because of a computation that reads data that is past the end of the target buffer; the computation is part of the XPS conversion module, when handling a JPEG resource. The use of an invalid (out-of-range) pointer offset during access of internal data structure fields causes the vulnerability. A successful attack can lead to sensitive data exposure.",
  "id": "GHSA-24c3-g8gg-8jwh",
  "modified": "2022-05-17T00:14:19Z",
  "published": "2022-05-17T00:14:19Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2017-16412"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/acrobat/apsb17-36.html"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/102140"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1039791"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24CC-98RP-8QHG

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-24 19:01 – Updated: 2022-05-24 19:01
VLAI
Details

This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit Reader 10.1.3.37598. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of U3D objects embedded in PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-13574.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2021-31464"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2021-05-07T21:15:00Z",
    "severity": "MODERATE"
  },
  "details": "This vulnerability allows remote attackers to disclose sensitive information on affected installations of Foxit Reader 10.1.3.37598. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file. The specific flaw exists within the handling of U3D objects embedded in PDF files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read past the end of an allocated object. An attacker can leverage this in conjunction with other vulnerabilities to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-13574.",
  "id": "GHSA-24cc-98rp-8qhg",
  "modified": "2022-05-24T19:01:42Z",
  "published": "2022-05-24T19:01:42Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2021-31464"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.foxitsoftware.com/support/security-bulletins.php"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-21-553"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": []
}

GHSA-24G4-C97F-V22X

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 01:57 – Updated: 2022-05-14 01:57
VLAI
Details

In rfc_process_mx_message of rfc_ts_frames.cc, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9.0 Android ID: A-80432928

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-9503"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-10-02T19:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In rfc_process_mx_message of rfc_ts_frames.cc, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. This could lead to remote information disclosure with no additional execution privileges needed. User interaction is not needed for exploitation. Product: Android Versions: Android-7.0 Android-7.1.1 Android-7.1.2 Android-8.0 Android-8.1 Android-9.0 Android ID: A-80432928",
  "id": "GHSA-24g4-c97f-v22x",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T01:57:51Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T01:57:51Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-9503"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bt/+/92a7bf8c44a236607c146240f3c0adc1ae01fedf"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bt/+/92a7bf8c44a236607c146240f3c0adc1ae01fedf,"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bt/+/9fe27a9b445f7e911286ed31c1087ceac567736b"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bt/+/d4a34fefbf292d1e02336e4e272da3ef1e3eef85"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://android.googlesource.com/platform/system/bt/+/d4a34fefbf292d1e02336e4e272da3ef1e3eef85,"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-10-01"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://source.android.com/security/bulletin/2018-10-01,"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/105482"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24G6-H5CH-R4VH

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-13 01:50 – Updated: 2022-05-13 01:50
VLAI
Details

There is a stack-based buffer over-read in the jsfNameFromString function of jsflash.c in Espruino 2V00, leading to a denial of service or possibly unspecified other impact via a crafted js file.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-20201"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-12-18T09:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "There is a stack-based buffer over-read in the jsfNameFromString function of jsflash.c in Espruino 2V00, leading to a denial of service or possibly unspecified other impact via a crafted js file.",
  "id": "GHSA-24g6-h5ch-r4vh",
  "modified": "2022-05-13T01:50:58Z",
  "published": "2022-05-13T01:50:58Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-20201"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://github.com/espruino/Espruino/issues/1587"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24H4-22F3-65QC

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-05-06 12:30 – Updated: 2026-07-22 12:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

fs/smb/client: fix out-of-bounds read in cifs_sanitize_prepath

When cifs_sanitize_prepath is called with an empty string or a string containing only delimiters (e.g., "/"), the current logic attempts to check *(cursor2 - 1) before cursor2 has advanced. This results in an out-of-bounds read.

This patch adds an early exit check after stripping prepended delimiters. If no path content remains, the function returns NULL.

The bug was identified via manual audit and verified using a standalone test case compiled with AddressSanitizer, which triggered a SEGV on affected inputs.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-43112"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-05-06T10:16:24Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nfs/smb/client: fix out-of-bounds read in cifs_sanitize_prepath\n\nWhen cifs_sanitize_prepath is called with an empty string or a string\ncontaining only delimiters (e.g., \"/\"), the current logic attempts to\ncheck *(cursor2 - 1) before cursor2 has advanced. This results in an\nout-of-bounds read.\n\nThis patch adds an early exit check after stripping prepended\ndelimiters. If no path content remains, the function returns NULL.\n\nThe bug was identified via manual audit and verified using a\nstandalone test case compiled with AddressSanitizer, which\ntriggered a SEGV on affected inputs.",
  "id": "GHSA-24h4-22f3-65qc",
  "modified": "2026-07-22T12:31:54Z",
  "published": "2026-05-06T12:30:28Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34911"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36018"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36365"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36366"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:40764"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-43112"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2467015"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2d29214448ec0f4e7e18bb1c14dd4a6c07f1c439"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/49b1ce6d7cfb6c5a49f68bf5ccfcfb6ba14e63c3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5d4fe469fe7dbff7d874c196bb680a82f2625d95"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/78ec5bf2f589ec7fd8f169394bfeca541b077317"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/86f9c23e0814cfdffda9eedf0c591c51ba209010"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2ba20c17de8eb028f96b1d85f119d3d25655bd9"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbced33599653471b4581dfe1abc7b467031f126"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-43112.json"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24HF-C9JR-VVFW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2026-06-24 18:32 – Updated: 2026-06-28 09:31
VLAI
Details

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

soc/tegra: cbb: Fix incorrect ARRAY_SIZE in fabric lookup tables

Fix incorrect ARRAY_SIZE usage in fabric lookup tables which could cause out-of-bounds access during target timeout lookup.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-53044"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2026-06-24T17:17:16Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nsoc/tegra: cbb: Fix incorrect ARRAY_SIZE in fabric lookup tables\n\nFix incorrect ARRAY_SIZE usage in fabric lookup tables which could\ncause out-of-bounds access during target timeout lookup.",
  "id": "GHSA-24hf-c9jr-vvfw",
  "modified": "2026-06-28T09:31:39Z",
  "published": "2026-06-24T18:32:44Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-53044"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/499f7e5ebbdd9ff0c4d532b1c432f8a61ff585b3"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5c009a5f8bb3c81f2cfb511701ce571e3c8733cd"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f46870b451f7583802ed26eec8b93e138840fcd9"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24HJ-CMM2-V789

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2022-05-14 03:19 – Updated: 2022-05-14 03:19
VLAI
Details

Read access violation in the III_dequantize_sample function in mpglibDBL/layer3.c in mp3gain through 1.5.2-r2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact, a different vulnerability than CVE-2017-9872 and CVE-2017-14409.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2018-10778"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2018-05-07T07:29:00Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Read access violation in the III_dequantize_sample function in mpglibDBL/layer3.c in mp3gain through 1.5.2-r2 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) or possibly have unspecified other impact, a different vulnerability than CVE-2017-9872 and CVE-2017-14409.",
  "id": "GHSA-24hj-cmm2-v789",
  "modified": "2022-05-14T03:19:31Z",
  "published": "2022-05-14T03:19:31Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-10778"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/11qVnW4frI-9PGRVkSOGb9IaF3ylzrc32bJXyO1OsfQM/edit"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

GHSA-24PH-4HQC-88JW

Vulnerability from github – Published: 2025-09-17 21:30 – Updated: 2025-09-17 21:30
VLAI
Details

Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt LI File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of LI files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read before the start of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25354.

Show details on source website

{
  "affected": [],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-7977"
  ],
  "database_specific": {
    "cwe_ids": [
      "CWE-125"
    ],
    "github_reviewed": false,
    "github_reviewed_at": null,
    "nvd_published_at": "2025-09-17T21:15:38Z",
    "severity": "HIGH"
  },
  "details": "Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt LI File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Read Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the parsing of LI files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a read before the start of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25354.",
  "id": "GHSA-24ph-4hqc-88jw",
  "modified": "2025-09-17T21:30:43Z",
  "published": "2025-09-17T21:30:43Z",
  "references": [
    {
      "type": "ADVISORY",
      "url": "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-7977"
    },
    {
      "type": "WEB",
      "url": "https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-629"
    }
  ],
  "schema_version": "1.4.0",
  "severity": [
    {
      "score": "CVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H",
      "type": "CVSS_V3"
    }
  ]
}

Mitigation MIT-5
Implementation

Strategy: Input Validation

  • Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
  • When performing input validation, consider all potentially relevant properties, including length, type of input, the full range of acceptable values, missing or extra inputs, syntax, consistency across related fields, and conformance to business rules. As an example of business rule logic, "boat" may be syntactically valid because it only contains alphanumeric characters, but it is not valid if the input is only expected to contain colors such as "red" or "blue."
  • Do not rely exclusively on looking for malicious or malformed inputs. This is likely to miss at least one undesirable input, especially if the code's environment changes. This can give attackers enough room to bypass the intended validation. However, denylists can be useful for detecting potential attacks or determining which inputs are so malformed that they should be rejected outright.
  • To reduce the likelihood of introducing an out-of-bounds read, ensure that you validate and ensure correct calculations for any length argument, buffer size calculation, or offset. Be especially careful of relying on a sentinel (i.e. special character such as NUL) in untrusted inputs.
Mitigation
Architecture and Design

Strategy: Language Selection

Use a language that provides appropriate memory abstractions.

CAPEC-540: Overread Buffers

An adversary attacks a target by providing input that causes an application to read beyond the boundary of a defined buffer. This typically occurs when a value influencing where to start or stop reading is set to reflect positions outside of the valid memory location of the buffer. This type of attack may result in exposure of sensitive information, a system crash, or arbitrary code execution.